Introduction:
An increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MS) has been described for people with psychotic and mood disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of valproic acid ...(VPA) treatment on adiponectin, leptin levels and oxidative stress in bipolar disorder (BD).
Methods:
Forty patients with BD receiving VPA monotherapy and 20 healthy control subjects were included in this study. BD patients were divided into two groups with and without MS as group 1 and group 2, respectively. Twenty BD patients diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM IV) were assessed for MS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) criteria. Adiponectin, leptin, protein carbonyls, sulfhydryl (–SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in 40 BD patients and 20 control subjects.
Results:
Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in group 1 patients than in group 2 and control subjects (p<.001). Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in group 1 patients than in group 2 and control subjects (p<.001). Serum –SH levels were significantly lower in group 2 patients than in group 1 (p<.001) and control subjects (p<.05). Serum carbonyl levels were significantly higher in group 1 and group 2 patients than in control subjects (p<.001). Serum MDA levels were significantly higher in group 1 patients than in group 2 and control subjects (p<.001).
Conclusion:
These results provide further evidence that VPA treatment for patients with BD contributed to the metabolic disturbances, such as the decreased serum adiponectin and –SH levels, as well as the increased serum leptin, MDA and carbonyl levels.
Apium graveolens has been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer tissues. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of A. graveolens on the human prostatic carcinoma cell line ...LNCaP. LNCaP cells were treated with increasing concentrations of an ethanolic extract of A. graveolens ranging from 1000 to 3000 μg/mL, and viability was determined after 24 and 48 h using the XTT cell proliferation assay. The levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), one of the best biomarkers of apoptosis, were analyzed. Finally, quantitative gene expression analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a critical mediator of angiogenesis, was performed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A. graveolens extract inhibited cell viability in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. Data from cleaved PARP assays suggested that A. graveolens caused induction of apoptosis in these cells. Treatment of cells with A. graveolens also resulted in downregulation of VEGF expression. This study showed that the antiproliferative effect exerted by an ethanolic extract of A. graveolens is triggered by induction of apoptosis. We also demonstrated that VEGF expression was downregulated by treatment with A. graveolens extract.
Objectives:
This study aims to compare the effects of balneotherapy, water-based exercise (WBE), and land-based exercise (LBE) on disease activity, symptoms, sleep quality, quality of life, and serum ...sclerostin level (SSL) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Patients and methods:
Between January 2019 and January 2020, a total of 60 patients (35 males, 25 females; mean age: 40.9±11.2 years; range, 18 to 55 years) who were diagnosed with AS were randomly divided into the balneotherapy (n=20), WBE (n=20), and LBE (n=20) groups (20 sessions of treatment in groups of five to six patients). The patients were evaluated before treatment and at 4 and 12 weeks using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and SSL were measured.
Results:
Statistically significant improvements in the BASDAI, BASFI, MASES, BASMI, ASQoL, FSS, and ASDAS-CRP scores were observed in all groups at 4 and 12 weeks of follow-up (p<0.05). A significant improvement in sleep latency was seen in the balneotherapy and WBE groups. Changes in SSL were not statistically significant in any group (p>0.05).
Conclusion:
Balneotherapy, WBE, and LBE are effective in the treatment of AS, and the beneficial effects may last for at least 12 weeks.
Abstract Background The goal of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of melatonin on pulmonary contusion (PC) caused by isolated blunt thoracic trauma (BTT) in an experimental ...rat model. Materials and methods A total of 49 rats were divided into three groups: control group (CG), trauma group (TG), and melatonin group (MG). PC was induced by isolated BTT for all the groups except the control group. Intraperitoneal melatonin was administered to the MG after trauma. Blood and tissue samples were collected from the groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant capacity and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), arterial blood gas, and other biochemical parameters such as urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathology. Results On day 2, blood MDA and total oxidant capacity levels were lower, and TAOC levels were higher in the MG compared with the TG ( P < 0.001). Blood pH, PO2 , and PCO2 of the MG significantly improved on day 2 compared with the TG ( P ≤ 0.001). Compared with the TG, histologic damage scores of the MG decreased on day 2 ( P = 0.013). Urea, creatinine, ALT, and aspartate aminotransferase levels of the MG on day 2 were lower than TG parameters ( P = 0.01, P = 0.02, P = 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that melatonin can improve the histopathology of PC and distant organs such as liver and kidney by diminishing oxidative stress. All these findings suggest that melatonin may be an effective new therapeutic agent for PC caused by BTT.
Long-term alcohol consumption can cause oxidative stress and cytokines induction, which are associated with free radicals. Quercetin, one of the most widely distributed flavonoids in plants, is a ...natural antioxidant. We investigated the hypothesis that quercetin could prevent the ethanol-induced oxidative stress and decreases tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (INF-γ) as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into control group (C), ethanol treatment group (EtOH) (~1 ml/day, 80%; 2 g/kg body wt), intragastrically (i.g.), quercetin treatment group (Q), (100 mg/kg-body wt per 3 days) i.g. and ethanol plus quercetin treatment group (EtOH + Q) (1 ml/day, 80% of ethanol and 100 mg/kg-body wt of quercetin per 3 days) i.g. for 30 days Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels and protein carbonyl content were significantly higher in the EtOH group than the C group (
P
< 0.01). On the other hand, TBARS level and protein carbonyl content in the EtOH + Q group was decreased significantly by quercetin (
P
< 0.05,
P
< 0.01; respectively). While GSH levels in whole blood decreased in EtOH group compared to C group, they increased significantly by quercetin (
P
< 0.05). Plasma ALT, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels increased significantly in the EtOH group compared to control group (
P
< 0.05,
P
< 0.01,
P
< 0.01, respectively), but they decreased significantly in the EtOH + Q group in comparison with EtOH group (
P
< 0.05,
P
< 0.01,
P
< 0.01, respectively). Our results demonstrate that quercetin treatment may provide a protection as reflected by decreased plasma TBARS, protein carbonyls, TNF-α, INF-γ and ALT levels against ethanol-induced oxidative damage.
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. In this study, we investigated the possible ...association of vitamin D levels and rs703842 in the CYP27B1 gene with MS. Methodology: We used blood samples of 99 patients (65 female, 35 male) with an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed definitive diagnosis of MS and 99 controls (70 female, 29 male) between the ages of 18-55 years. We measured their vitamin D levels, isolated their DNA, and scanned rs703842 polymorphism in the CYP27B1 gene. Results: Rs703842 polymorphism in the CYP27B1 gene in humans was found as three different genotypes: CC, CT, and TT. Among them, CC genotype was found higher in the patient group and CT genotype was found higher in the control group. The statistical analysis showed that the probability of a C allele having an association with MS to be 1.5189 times of the probability of T allele. Also, the vitamin D levels in the patient group were detected lower than the control group. Conclusion: Low levels of vitamin D and low expression of CYP27B1 were found to have an association with MS. JBCGenetics 2020; 3(1.000): 3-6
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a uremia toxin is accumulated in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Elevated ADMA level has been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ...and all‐cause mortality in ESRD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of prolonged hemodialysis (HD) treatment on the levels of serum ADMA, arginine, nitric oxide (NO), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1). Seventy‐five patients (M/F = 40/35) with chronic renal failure (CRF) and who were on HD were divided into five groups with differing treatment periods of HD; from 6 to 24 months to 97–120 months. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects acted as controls. The serum levels of ADMA, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 were increased in all patient groups compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed when the patient groups were compared in terms of HD treatment periods. Nitric oxide levels were lower in the three groups who were treated for periods of 49–72, 73–96, 97–120 months compared to the control group. The L‐arginine to ADMA ratio was decreased in all patient groups compared to controls. Consequently, our investigations have shown that in HD continued for more than 4 years NO levels began to decrease significantly and the levels of serum ADMA, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 levels increased although this increase was not affected by the period in which hemodialysis treatment was applied.
Summary Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very destructive process for both patients and society. Lipid peroxidation is the main cause of the further secondary damage which starts after mechanical ...destruction of tissues. Recent studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective properties. In this study, we aimed to see the effect of EPO treatment after spinal cord injury on the oxidant and anti-oxidant enzyme systems and the relationship with the N -methyl- d -Aspartate (NMDA) blockage. Spinal cord injury was produced by epidural compression with a cerebral vascular clip that has a closing force of 40 g for 30 s after a limited multilevel laminectomy (T9-11). Experiment was done in 5 groups: Group1: Sham-operated untraumatised, Group 2: SCI untreated, Group 3: 150 i.u./kg EPO injected i.p. at the end of the first hour following the trauma. Group 4: NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine (100 mg/kg) i.p. Group 5: EPO + ketamine i.p. The experiments were finished after 12 h of the trauma. The spinal cords were excised for biochemical examinations. Anti-oxidant enzymes; catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels increased and lipid peroxidation product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level decreased in EPO treated group when compared to the other groups. TNF-α levels decreased in EPO treated group. Application of ketamine before EPO treatment decreased effects of EPO. In conclusion, our results suggest that 150 i.u./kg i.p. EPO, a therapeutic dose in anaemic patients, applied after 1 h of spinal cord injury significantly attenuated the oxidative damage of spinal cord injuries in rats. This activity is abolished via ketamine pretreatment.
Increased apoptotic cell death in uremic patients has been confirmed by a variety of studies. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of uremic toxins and duration of hemodialysis (HD) ...therapy on apoptosis by means of measuring serum caspase cleaved CK18 (CCCK‐18) levels. Seventy chronic HD patients were recruited and divided into three groups with differing periods of HD, from 6 months to 10 years. Twelve healthy subjects served as controls. Serum CCCK‐18 level was found significantly higher in HD patient groups (Group 2; 189 ± 71 IU/L, Group 3; 182 ± 65 IU/L, Group 4; 204 ± 111 IU/L) as compared to the control group (122 ± 20 U/L) (P < 0.05). When all hemodialysis patients considered together serum CCCK‐18 showed positive correlation with serum uric acid and phosphorus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that apoptosis is enhanced in HD patients, phosphorus and uric acid might play a role in this increment, but duration of HD therapy has no effect on apoptosis.
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