SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase) is a 19-subunit complex that stimulates transcription via two chromatin-modifying enzymatic modules and by delivering the TATA box binding protein (TBP) to ...nucleate the pre-initiation complex on DNA, a pivotal event in the expression of protein-encoding genes
. Here we present the structure of yeast SAGA with bound TBP. The core of the complex is resolved at 3.5 Å resolution (0.143 Fourier shell correlation). The structure reveals the intricate network of interactions that coordinate the different functional domains of SAGA and resolves an octamer of histone-fold domains at the core of SAGA. This deformed octamer deviates considerably from the symmetrical analogue in the nucleosome and is precisely tuned to establish a peripheral site for TBP, where steric hindrance represses binding of spurious DNA. Complementary biochemical analysis points to a mechanism for TBP delivery and release from SAGA that requires transcription factor IIA and whose efficiency correlates with the affinity of DNA to TBP. We provide the foundations for understanding the specific delivery of TBP to gene promoters and the multiple roles of SAGA in regulating gene expression.
This paper provides an extensive examination of a sizable dataset of English tweets focusing on nine widely recognized cryptocurrencies, specifically Cardano, Binance, Bitcoin, Dogecoin, Ethereum, ...Fantom, Matic, Shiba, and Ripple. Our goal was to conduct a psycholinguistic and emotional analysis of social media content associated with these cryptocurrencies. Such analysis can enable researchers and experts dealing with cryptocurrencies to make more informed decisions. Our work involved comparing linguistic characteristics across the diverse digital coins, shedding light on the distinctive linguistic patterns emerging in each coin's community. To achieve this, we utilized advanced text analysis techniques. Additionally, this work unveiled an understanding of the interplay between these digital assets. By examining which coin pairs are mentioned together most frequently in the dataset, we established co-mentions among different cryptocurrencies. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we initially gathered a total of 832,559 tweets from X. These tweets underwent a rigorous preprocessing stage, resulting in a refined dataset of 115,899 tweets that were used for our analysis. Overall, our research offers valuable perception into the linguistic nuances of various digital coins' online communities and provides a deeper understanding of their interactions in the cryptocurrency space.
The article is devoted to the problem of linguo-axiological research into modern leaders' value picture of the world, broadcasted to the youth audience in the emotiogenic discourse. The study is ...aimed at identification and analysis of the emotional representation of the axiological component in the texts of the discursive personality of the leader, who is thought as an influential and socially recognized person. The video recording of the student discussion clubs "Dialogue on Equal Terms" provided the material for the study. In line with the cognitive and discursive methodology based on recognition of axiological parameters of discourse determining cognition, the authors identified the value components of leadership in their emotiogenic representation, verbalized in talk shows as "secrets of success." The use of the linguo-axiological analysis of about 500 facts made it possible to identify speech tools for creating an emotiogenic utterance: the discursive genres "Advice" and "Suggestion", as well as an indirect way of "instructing young people" in a narrative form with adherent emotivity. With the help of axiosphere modeling, dominant and peripheral conceptual signs of leadership are established. The analysis of the frame composition of values objectified in the emotiogenic discourse as components of the personal system of leaders and group consciousness (leadership) testifies its purposeful creation for the translation of the value orientations of the subject of the discourse of youth.
Single-stranded breaks (SSBs) are the most frequent DNA lesions threatening genomic integrity. A highly kinked DNA structure in complex with human PARP-1 domains led to the proposal that SSB sensing ...in Eukaryotes relies on dynamics of both the broken DNA double helix and PARP-1's multi-domain organization. Here, we directly probe this process at the single-molecule level. Quantitative smFRET and structural ensemble calculations reveal how PARP-1's N-terminal zinc fingers convert DNA SSBs from a largely unperturbed conformation, via an intermediate state into the highly kinked DNA conformation. Our data suggest an induced fit mechanism via a multi-domain assembly cascade that drives SSB sensing and stimulates an interplay with the scaffold protein XRCC1 orchestrating subsequent DNA repair events. Interestingly, a clinically used PARP-1 inhibitor Niraparib shifts the equilibrium towards the unkinked DNA conformation, whereas the inhibitor EB47 stabilizes the kinked state.
Transcription preinitiation complex assembly on the promoters of protein encoding genes is nucleated in vivo by TFIID composed of the TATA-box Binding Protein (TBP) and 13 TBP-associate factors ...(Tafs) providing regulatory and chromatin binding functions. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of promoter-bound yeast TFIID at a resolution better than 5 Å, except for a flexible domain. We position the crystal structures of several subunits and, in combination with cross-linking studies, describe the quaternary organization of TFIID. The compact tri lobed architecture is stabilized by a topologically closed Taf5-Taf6 tetramer. We confirm the unique subunit stoichiometry prevailing in TFIID and uncover a hexameric arrangement of Tafs containing a histone fold domain in the Twin lobe.
Despite the many proposals to solve the neural machine translation (NMT) problem of low-resource languages, it continues to be difficult. The issue becomes even more complicated when few resources ...cover only a single domain. In this paper, we discuss the applicability of a source-side monolingual dataset of low-resource languages to improve the NMT system for such languages. In our experiments, we used Wolaytta–English translation as a low-resource language. We discuss the use of self-learning and fine-tuning approaches to improve the NMT system for Wolaytta–English translation using both authentic and synthetic datasets. The self-learning approach showed +2.7 and +2.4 BLEU score improvements for Wolaytta–English and English–Wolaytta translations, respectively, over the best-performing baseline model. Further fine-tuning the best-performing self-learning model showed +1.2 and +0.6 BLEU score improvements for Wolaytta–English and English–Wolaytta translations, respectively. We reflect on our contributions and plan for the future of this difficult field of study.
This paper presents studies on the processing of enrichment tailings as a component of a raw mixture in order to obtain cement clinker, with simultaneous distillation of zinc. Thermodynamic studies ...were carried out in the temperature range of 600-1600 °C using the software application "HSC Chemistry 6" developed by the metallurgical company Outokumpu (Finland). As a result of the conducted studies, we found that zinc contributes to the intensification of mineral formation of cement clinker. In particular, it was found that the formation of belite is possible in the temperature range from 990.7 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of -0.01 and -323.8 kJ (which is better than the standard process by -11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of alite is possible in the temperature range from 982.9 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of -0.05 and -402.1 kJ (better than the standard process by -11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of tricalcium aluminate is thermodynamically possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔG
= -893.8 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔG
= -1899.3 kJ (better than the standard process by -1570.1 kJ), respectively; and the formation of four calcium aluminoferrite is possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔG
= -898.9 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔG
= -1959.3 kJ (better than the standard process by -1570.2 kJ), respectively, with simultaneous distillation of zinc into a gaseous state for its further capture.
The Baculovirus/insect cell expression system is a powerful technology for reconstitution of eukaryotic macromolecular assemblies. Most multigene expression platforms rely on Tn7-mediated ...transposition for transferring the expression cassette into the baculoviral genome. This allows a rigorous characterization of recombinant bacmids but involves multiple steps, a limitation when many constructs are to be tested. For parallel expression screening and potential high throughput applications, we have established an open source multigene-expression toolbox exploiting homologous recombination, thus reducing the recombinant baculovirus generation to a single-step procedure and shortening the time from cloning to protein production to 2 weeks. The HR-bac toolbox is composed of a set of engineered bacmids expressing a fluorescent marker to monitor virus propagation and a library of transfer vectors. They contain single or dual expression cassettes bearing different affinity tags and their design facilitates the mix and match utilization of expression units from Multibac constructs. The overall cost of virus generation with HR-bac toolbox is relatively low as the preparation of linearized baculoviral DNA only requires standard reagents. Various multiprotein assemblies (nuclear hormone receptor heterodimers, the P-TEFb or the ternary CAK kinase complex associated with the XPD TFIIH subunit) are used as model systems to validate the toolbox presented.
During mining, only 4-8% is converted to final products, and the rest is accumulated in landfills. There is a lack of research on the study of various patterns and mechanisms of the formation of ...cement clinker minerals during the simultaneous distillation of zinc. This paper presents studies of thermodynamic stimulation of environmental and population protection by utilization of technogenic enrichment waste as secondary raw materials for clinker production and zinc extraction. In particular, a comparison of the Gibbs energy (ΔG) of clinker formation under standard chemical equations and under non-standard chemical equations is given. According to the results of the study, using thermodynamic simulation, the temperature intervals of mineral formation, the dependence of the Gibbs energy on temperature (ΔG
°), and the approximation equations were found; it was established that the presence of zinc ferrite contributes to the intensification of the formation of clinker minerals and the extraction of Zn to gas.
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