Fire poses the serious threat for the concrete structures that effects the durability and strength of the concrete in long- and short-term periods. As concern the importance of temperature effects on ...the concrete. In this paper a comprehensive study on effect of temperature at elevated and ambient conditions as been carried out to determine strength reduction factors, at various temperatures from 20 °C to 300 °C. The cylindrical specimen with concrete grade M25of size 100 mm × 200 mm were selected for the purpose of compression testing in digital universal testing machine and also the micro structure behaviour at ambient and elevated temperature conditions using SEM analysis. From this analysis it can be concluded that there is much reduction in strength at elevated temperature and discussed the micro structural changes at elevated conditions.
We have studied the internal and external dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an anharmonic magnetic waveguide. An oscillating condensate experiences a strong coupling between the center of ...mass motion and the internal collective modes. Because of the anharmonicity of the magnetic potential, not only the center of mass motion shows harmonic frequency generation, but also the internal dynamics exhibit nonlinear frequency mixing. Thereby, the condensate shows shape oscillations with an extremely large change in the aspect ratio of up to a factor of 10. We describe the data with a theoretical model to high accuracy. For strong excitations we test the experimental data for indications of a chaotic behavior.
Phosphatidylinositide (PtdIns) 3-kinase catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to the 3′-position of phosphatidyl inositol. Accumulated evidence shows that PtdIns 3-kinase can provide a critical ...signal for cell proliferation, cell survival, membrane trafficking, glucose transport, and membrane ruffling. Mammalian PtdIns 3-kinases are divided into three classes based on structure and substrate specificity. A unique characteristic of class II PtdIns 3-kinases is the presence of both a phox homolog domain and a C2 domain at the C terminus. The biological function of the C2 domain of the class II PtdIns 3-kinases remains to be determined. We have determined the crystal structure of the mCPK-C2 domain, which is the first three-dimensional structural model of a C2 domain of class II PtdIns 3-kinases. Structural studies reveal that the mCPK-C2 domain has a typical anti-parallel β-sandwich fold. Scrutiny of the surface of this C2 domain has identified three small, shallow sulfate-binding sites. On the basis of the structural features of these sulfate-binding sites, we have studied the lipid binding properties of the mCPK-C2 domain by site-directed mutagenesis. Our results show that this C2 domain binds specifically to PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 and that three lysine residues at SBS I site, Lys-1420, Lys-1432, and Lys-1434, are responsible for the phospholipid binding affinity.
A two-element objective lens which is compatible with for digital versatile disk (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD) and has adequate optical performances in terms of off-axis wavefront and on-axis chromatic ...aberration for both optical heads has been designed. The first-order diffracted light is used for DVD and the second-order one is used for BD. We analyzed chromatic spherical aberration and found that using first- and second-diffracted lights causes 20 mλ/nm chromatic spherical aberration at a wavelength of 400 nm. However, using 5λ and 10λ phase steps can reduce chromatic spherical aberration to 7 mλ/nm. The designed two-element lens consists of the first plastic lens, on which there is diffractive optical element, and the second plano-convex glass molded lens.
It is critical in today's security-conscious environments and communications to create unique identities, and this can be done with software or hardware. Hardware can create a reliable and unique ...identity with less complexity than software because software requires more complex algorithms to keep the secret hidden from the adversaries. PUF is the name of one such basic circuit. Even when made using a nominally identical process, no two physical objects are exactly the same. When presented with a binary input, a PUF circuit responds with a binary, device-unique output. A PUF circuit is designed to be sensitive to manufacturing process variations. PUF as a hardware primitive is used as an authentication device in the real-world practical application scheme. The proposed IoT node-to-node mutual authentication algorithm does not require a server or a trusted third party. FPGA boards are used to implement the algorithm's main modules, such as the Nonce generation logic and the unclonable response generation logic. In spite of identity theft, PUF-based authentication schemes have the assurance that malicious parties cannot replace the intended PUF-based node.
Embedded STT-MRAM for Automotive Applications Muller, J.; Pfefferling, B.; Merbeth, T. ...
2024 8th IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM),
2024-March-3
Conference Proceeding
Here we summarize the technological requirements and challenges on the road towards an automotive capable embedded 22FDX ® STT-MRAM solution. Especially achieving readability across an extended ...temperature range and the more stringent chip failure rate criteria require significant advancements from the first generation of consumer/industrial grade eMRAM. The impact of MTJ diameter and simple stack engineering on read margin will be discussed. Furthermore, the automotive readiness of 22FDX ® STT-MRAM will be demonstrated.
Ontology provides a base framework for knowledge representation, and the methodology of ontology construction is one of the most important research topics in the ontology community. There have been ...many methodologies proposed, and some of them have been along with constructing engineering ontology. However, the previous methodologies are mostly top-down approaches which do not maximize the benefits of bottom-up approaches. There are few bottom-up approaches, but they do not utilize the full resources of knowledge such as engineering documents. This study proposes the systematic methodology to develop the ontology in a bottom-up style from engineering documents, called DocOnto (document-based ontology). The methodology is mainly composed of three phases such as defining ontology for terms in engineering documents, integrating the ontology with semantic networks for both a single document and a focused document group, and pruning the ontology for practically usage. In this approach, first-order logic (FOL) and semantic networks (SN) are used for formal and visual representation of ontology, and semantic mapping with similarity evaluation is used in integrating ontology. This approach can be computerized for structured engineering documents. Through the methodology description, a comprehensive example is utilized to show the methodology in every detailed step.
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