: Latanoprost and isopropyl unoprostone, which are analogues of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), are promising drugs for the reduction of intra‐ocular pressure. However, they have been reported to have ...side effects, including hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation of the eyelashes and periocular skin, and occasionally poliosis. In order to investigate these effects further, PGF2α, latanoprost and isopropyl unoprostone were applied to the dorsal skin of 7‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice, and hair length was measured during the treatment. The three molecules all showed stimulatory effects on the murine hair follicles and the follicular melanocytes in both the telogen and anagen stages, and stimulated conversion from the telogen to the anagen phase. PGE2 is known to act synergistically with PGF2α, and hence the influence of PGE2 was also examined. PGE2 did not induce distinct telogen‐to‐anagen conversion, but showed moderate growth stimulatory effects on early anagen hair follicles. In addition, we observed a case of hypertrichosis and trichomegaly with an excess of melanogenesis, leading to the emergence of white hair, suggesting that poliosis can occur as a side effect of eye treatment with solutions of PGF2α analogues. The stimulatory effects of PGF2αand PGE2 on hair growth have been discussed with regard to the role of protein kinase C and mast cells.
Abstract Repeated haemorrhages in peripheral nerve sheath tumours of the salivary glands are rare. We report the case of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 who had two episodes of massive ...haemorrhage in his right parotid gland the day after a minor injury. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons should be aware that vasculopathy may occur in patients with these tumours.
Tumor metastasis is a complex phenomenon that is the culmination of effects of numerous cellular factors. We have shown that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 ...(LMP1), is capable of inducing a wide range of such factors in cell culture, expression of which is also elevated in the LMP1-expressing tumor, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive neoplasm. Recently, the membrane crosslinker protein, ezrin, has been implicated in tumor cell metastasis and malignant progression. In this study, we evaluated the possible role of LMP1 and ezrin in the pathophysiology of NPC. We show that C-terminal phosphorylation of ezrin is increased by the expression of LMP1 in nasopharyngeal (NP) cells through a protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. LMP1 enhances the organization of a ternary complex of CD44, ezrin and F-actin, which is a prerequisite for ezrin phosphorylation. In NPC tissues, the expression of phosphoezrin and LMP1 is directly correlated. Silencing of endogenously expressed ezrin suppresses LMP1-induced cell motility and invasiveness. Moreover, the inhibition of ezrin phosphorylation by PKC inhibitor suppresses migration and invasion of NP cells. These data show that the phosphorylation of ezrin and its recruitment to the cell membrane linked to F-actin and CD44 is a process required for LMP1-stimulated cell motility and invasion of NP cells.
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