Photosynthetic bacteria are beneficial to plants, but knowledge of photosynthetic bacterial community dynamics in field crops during different growth stages is scarce. The factors controlling the ...changes in the photosynthetic bacterial community during plant growth require further investigation. In this study, 35 microbial community samples were collected from the seedling, flowering, and mature stages of tomato, cucumber, and soybean plants. 35 microbial community samples were assessed using Illumina sequencing of the photosynthetic reaction center subunit M (pufM) gene. The results revealed significant alpha diversity and community structure differences among the three crops at the different growth stages. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum, and Methylobacterium, Roseateles, and Thiorhodococcus were the dominant genera at all growth stages. PCoA revealed clear differences in the structure of the microbial populations isolated from leaf samples collected from different crops at different growth stages. In addition, a dissimilarity test revealed significant differences in the photosynthetic bacterial community among crops and growth stages (P<0.05). The photosynthetic bacterial communities changed during crop growth. OTUs assigned to Methylobacterium were present in varying abundances among different sample types, which we speculated was related to the function of different Methylobacterium species in promoting plant growth development and enhancing plant photosynthetic efficiency. In conclusion, the dynamics observed in this study provide new research ideas for the detailed assessments of the relationship between photosynthetic bacteria and different growth stages of plants.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background and Aim
Humans with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), or primary immunodeficiencies, may be associated with a potential risk factor for early‐onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.
Methods
We ...systematically reviewed all cases with clinical diagnoses of both an IEI and a GI cancer in three databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE). In total, 76 publications satisfying our inclusion criteria were identified, and data for 149 cases were analyzed. We also searched our institutional cancer registry for such cases.
Results
We identified 149 patients with both an IEI and a GI cancer, 95 presented gastric cancer, 13 small bowel cancer, 35 colorectal cancer, and 6 had an unspecified cancer or cancer at another site. Gastric and colon adenocarcinomas were the most common. For both gastric and colorectal cancers, age at onset was significantly earlier in patients with IEIs than in the general population, based on the SEER database. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was the most common IEI associated with gastrointestinal cancer. About 12% of patients had molecular genetic diagnoses, the three most frequently implicated genes being ATM, CARMIL2, and CTLA4. Impaired humoral immunity and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection were frequently reported as factors potentially underlying early‐onset GI cancers in patients with IEIs. We identified one patient with CVID and early‐onset gastric adenocarcinoma, recurrent diarrhea, and gastrointestinal CMV infection from a retrospective survey.
Conclusion
Patients with IEIs should be considered at risk of early‐onset GI cancers and should therefore undergo cancer screening at an earlier age.
The protein-coding exome of a patient with a monogenic disease contains about 20,000 variants, only one or two of which are disease causing. We found that 58% of rare variants in the protein-coding ...exome of the general population are located in only 2% of the genes. Prompted by this observation, we aimed to develop a gene-level approach for predicting whether a given human protein-coding gene is likely to harbor disease-causing mutations. To this end, we derived the gene damage index (GDI): a genome-wide, gene-level metric of the mutational damage that has accumulated in the general population. We found that the GDI was correlated with selective evolutionary pressure, protein complexity, coding sequence length, and the number of paralogs. We compared GDI with the leading gene-level approaches, genic intolerance, and de novo excess, and demonstrated that GDI performed best for the detection of false positives (i.e., removing exome variants in genes irrelevant to disease), whereas genic intolerance and de novo excess performed better for the detection of true positives (i.e., assessing de novo mutations in genes likely to be disease causing). The GDI server, data, and software are freely available to noncommercial users from lab.rockefeller.edu/casanova/GDI.
Human inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity underlie mycobacterial diseases. We describe patients with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) disease who are homozygous for loss-of-function mutations of SPPL2A. This ...gene encodes a transmembrane protease that degrades the N-terminal fragment (NTF) of CD74 (HLA invariant chain) in antigen-presenting cells. The CD74 NTF therefore accumulates in the HLA class II
myeloid and lymphoid cells of SPPL2a-deficient patients. This toxic fragment selectively depletes IL-12- and IL-23-producing CD1c
conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) and their circulating progenitors. Moreover, SPPL2a-deficient memory T
1* cells selectively fail to produce IFN-γ when stimulated with mycobacterial antigens in vitro. Finally, Sppl2a
mice lack cDC2s, have CD4
T cells that produce small amounts of IFN-γ after BCG infection, and are highly susceptible to infection with BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These findings suggest that inherited SPPL2a deficiency in humans underlies mycobacterial disease by decreasing the numbers of cDC2s and impairing IFN-γ production by mycobacterium-specific memory T
1* cells.
Background
It is known that γ‐glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) is involved in the disposition of methotrexate (MTX), and GGH activity is regulated by DNA methylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ...cells. The present study explores the methylation status of the GGH promoter in peripheral blood and its association with MTX levels and toxicities in Chinese children with ALL.
Methods
Serum MTX concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Methylation quantification and genotyping for GGH rs3758149 and rs11545078 was performed by Sequenom MassARRAY in 50 pediatric patients with ALL.
Results
Overall, the investigated region of the GGH promoter was in hypomethylated status. The methylation levels of cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG)_7, CpG_12, CpG_17, and CpG_20 were significantly higher in patients with B‐cell ALL than other immunotypes (p<0.05). The methylation levels of CpG_13.14, CpG_17, and CpG_19 showed a significant negative correlation with MTX C24 hr (p<0.05). The methylation level of CpG_8.9 correlated significantly with MTX C42 hrs (p<0.05). The methylation level of CpG_19 was significantly lower in patients with MTX toxicities (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The methylation levels of the GGH promoter might affect MTX exposure and toxicities. These findings provided reasonable explanations for the variability of MTX responses in patients with childhood ALL.
Purpose
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an important role in the response to methotrexate (MTX). In this study, we investigated the frequency distribution of ...three splicing-regulatory polymorphisms in ABC transporters (
ABCC2
rs2273697 G>A,
ABCG2
rs2231142 G>T, and
ABCB1
rs1128503 A>G) and their effects on MTX concentrations and the clinical outcome in a Chinese pediatric population with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Methods
A fluorescence polarization immunoassay was used to measure the serum MTX concentrations in 24 h (C
24h
) and 42 h (C
42h
). The Sequenom MassARRAY system was used for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.
Results
The study population had significantly lower frequencies of
ABCC2
rs2273697 A,
ABCG2
rs2231142 G, and
ABCB1
rs1128503 G than African and European samples (
P
< 0.05). The dose-normalized MTX concentrations after 24 h and the proportion of C
42h
> 0.5 µmol/L were significantly lower in patients with the
ABCG2
rs2231142 GG genotype than in patients with the GT or TT genotype (
P
= 0.01 and 0.006, respectively). No significant effects on MTX pharmacokinetics were observed for
ABCC2
rs2273697 and
ABCB1
rs1128503 polymorphisms. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the three SNPs overlapped with the putative binding sites of several splicing factors.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our study confirmed the ethnicity-based differences in the distribution of the three investigated SNPs. The
ABCG2
rs2231142 polymorphism exerted a significant effect on the level of MTX exposure. These findings may help explain the variability in MTX responses and optimize MTX treatment in pediatric patients with ALL.
Display omitted
•Kinetics of DHC oxidation by US/PS was investigated in a soil system.•Synergic effect of US/PS was confirmed towards the DHC removal.•DHC degradation rate could be expressed as ...r=1.4Lg-1min-1DHC0PS.•SO4.- generated through US induced heat was the predominant oxidising species.
Diesel hydrocarbons (DHC) can be oxidised by persulfate (PS) once activated. Ultrasonic (US) can also oxidise DHC in a water system by generating ·OH due to hydrolysis at micro cavitation. In this study, US was combined with PS towards synergic oxidation of DHC in a soil system. Various factors which would affect the oxidation of DHC have been evaluated, including DHC and PS concentration, US power intensity, operating temperature and pH, as well as inorganic anions and humic acid (HA). The kinetic parameters were investigated using a demisemi-lives method, and the results indicated that the DHC degradation rate could be expressed as r=1.4Lg-1min-1DHC0PS. The results also revealed that increasing the content of DHC, Cl−, HCO3- and HA would inhibit the removal of DHC. An acidic condition and high US power were shown to facilitate the DHC degradation. Finally, the DHC degradation mechanism was examined using radical quenching and ESR (electron spinning resonance spectrum) experiments, which showed that the SO4.- generated through the heat induced by US was the predominant oxidising species and main contributor to the synergic oxidation.
This study investigated the occurrence of 43 emerging contaminants including 9 endocrine-disrupting chemicals and 34 pharmaceuticals in three sites in Hebei Province, north China. Each site has a ...wastewater irrigated plot and a separate groundwater irrigated plot for comparison purpose. The results showed that the concentrations of the target compounds in the wastewater irrigated soils were in most cases higher than those in the groundwater irrigated soils. Among the 43 target compounds, nine compounds bisphenol-A, triclocarban, triclosan, 4-nonylphenol, salicylic acid, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, trimethoprim and primidone were detected at least once in the soils. Preliminary environmental risk assessment showed that triclocarban might pose high risks to terrestrial organisms while the other detected compounds posed minimal risks. Irrigation with wastewater could lead to presence or accumulation of some emerging contaminants to some extent in irrigated soils.
► Some EDCs and PPCPs were detected in the wastewater irrigated soils. ► Application of reclaimed water could lead to accumulation of some compounds. ► Groundwater has been contaminated by some compounds. ► Triclocarban posed high risks to soil organisms.
Application of reclaimed wastewater on agricultural land could lead to the presence or accumulation of wastewater-related contaminants in soils.
Aldol condensation of furfural with acetone over basic catalysts allows the production of furanic adducts 4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (FAc, C8) and 1,5-di-2-furanyl-1,4-pentadien-3-one (F2Ac, C13)) ...that can be transformed into high-quality diesel fuels by further hydrogenation. However, the development of efficient basic catalysts and understanding of role of basic sites with different strength are still required. In this work, monoclinic and hexagonal La2O2CO3 promoted ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized with higher concentration of medium strength basic sites and better catalytic performance as compared with La2O3 and ZnO-Al2O3. This work demonstrated that the medium strength basic sites were especially active for aldol condensation reactions.
•Supported La2O2CO3 is a promising basic catalyst for aldol condensation.•Medium-strength basic sites are highly catalytically active for aldol condensation.•Different types of La2O2CO3 were obtained with different precursor ratios.
Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to explore the stigma and related influencing factors in individuals with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).
Methods
A total of 70 CID patients and ...70 healthy controls (CON) were enrolled in the study. All subjects completed the assessments of sleep, emotion, and cognition. Their stigma and life quality were measured using the Chronic Stigma Scale and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).
Results
The ratio of individuals with stigma was significantly different between CID and CON groups (C
2
= 35.6,
p
< 0.001). Compared with the CON group, the CID group had higher scores for total stigma (U = 662.0,
p
< 0.001), internalized stigma (U = 593.0,
p
< 0.001), enacted stigma (U = 1568.0,
p
< 0.001), PSQI (U = 2485.0,
p
< 0.001) and HAMD-17 (U = 69.5,
p
< 0.001) as well as lower scores for MoCA-C (U = 3997.5,
p
< 0.001) and most items of SF-36. Partial correlation analysis showed that different items of the Chronic Stigma Scale were positively correlated with illness duration, PSQI and HAMD-17 scores, while negatively correlated with one or more items of the SF-36. Multivariate regression analysis showed that illness duration and the Mental Health domain of the SF-36 were independent risk factors for one or more items of stigma in CID patients.
Conclusion
Patients with CID have an increased risk of stigma. Moreover, illness duration and Mental Health may be primary factors related to stigma.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
