Porcine epidemic diarrhea, a disastrous gastrointestinal disease, causes great financial losses due to its high infectivity, morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets despite the development and ...application of various vaccines. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to explore differences in the intestinal microbiota between uninfected piglets and piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The results revealed that the small intestinal microbiota of suckling piglets infected with PEDV showed low diversity and was dominated by Proteobacteria (49.1%). Additionally, the composition of the small intestinal microbiota of sucking piglets infected with PEDV showed marked differences from that of the uninfected piglets. Some of the taxa showing differences in abundance between uninfected piglets and piglets infected with PEDV were associated with cellular transport and catabolism, energy metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and amino acid metabolism as determined through the prediction of microbial function based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Therefore, adjusting the intestinal microbiota might be a promising method for the prevention or treatment of PEDV.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background and Aims
The use of anesthesia assistance (AA) for screening colonoscopy has been increasing substantially over the past decade, raising concerns about procedure safety and cost without ...demonstrating a proven improvement in overall quality indicators such as adenoma detection rate (ADR). The effect of AA on ADR has not been extensively studied among trainees learning colonoscopy. We aimed to determine whether type of sedation used during screening colonoscopy affects trainee ADR.
Methods
Using the electronic endoscopy databases of two hospitals in our medical center, we identified colonoscopies performed by 15 trainees from 2014 through 2018, including all screening examinations in which the cecum was reached. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with adenoma detection.
Results
We identified 1420 unique patients who underwent screening colonoscopy by a trainee meeting the inclusion criteria. Of these, 459 (32.3%) were performed with AA. Overall trainee ADR was 39.6%, with ADR increasing from 35.0% in year one of training to 42.8% in year three (
p
= 0.047). ADR for cases with AA was 37.9%, while ADR for conscious sedation cases was 32.0% (
p
= 0.374). Despite this 5.9% absolute difference, the use of AA was not associated with finding an adenoma on multivariable analysis when controlling for patient age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, trainee year of training, mean withdrawal time, supervising attending ADR, and bowel preparation quality (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.67–1.09).
Conclusions
Despite providing the ability to more consistently sedate patients, the use of AA did not affect trainee ADR. These results on trainee ADR and sedation type suggest that the overall lack of association between AA use and ADR is applicable to the trainee setting.
As an indigenous breed, the Tibetan chicken is found in highland regions and shows physiological adaptations to high altitude; however, the genetic changes that determine these adaptations remain ...elusive. We assumed that the microevolution of the Tibetan chicken occurred from lowland to highland regions with a continuous elevation range. In this study, we analyzed the genome of 188 chickens from lowland areas to the high‐altitude regions of the Tibetan plateau with four altitudinal levels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Tibetan chickens are significantly different from other altitude chicken populations. Reconstruction of the demographic history showed that the migration and admixture events of the Tibetan chicken occurred at different times. The genome of the Tibetan chicken was also used to analyze positive selection pressure that is associated with high‐altitude adaptation, revealing the well‐known candidate gene that participates in oxygen binding (HBAD), as well as other novel potential genes (e.g., HRG and ANK2) that are related to blood coagulation and cardiovascular efficiency. Our study provides novel insights regarding the evolutionary history and microevolution mechanisms of the high‐altitude adaptation in the Tibetan chicken.
The feasibility of growing algae in concentrated wastewater generated from sludge ozonation for simultaneous nutrients removal and biomass production was studied. The effects of bacteria addition ...into microalgae on nutrients removal, biomass yield and settleability, the growth rate of algae and concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) were investigated. The results showed that the growth rate of algae in algal-bacteria system (0.2182) was improved than in algae-only system (0.1852), while both of them are comparable with others reported previously. And the addition of bacteria enhanced COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP removal rate by 23.9 ± 3.3%, 27.7 ± 3.6%, 16.6 ± 1.8% and 14.9 ± 2.2%, respectively. And 32.8 ± 0.7% of the TN and 50.3 ± 1.8% of the TP were recycled from ozonated sludge-supernatant (OSS) being absorbed into algal-bacterial biomass. The algal-bacteria system also demonstrated advantages on biomass settleability and heavy metals removal. Finally, the mechanism involving matter exchange and algal-bacteria system on OSS treatment in this study were discussed through evaluation of nutrients, SMP and EPS contents, nitrogen and phosphorus balance.
Display omitted
•The OSS was feasible for simultaneous nutrients removal and biomass production.•The addition of bacteria promoted algal growth and settleability.•The addition of bacteria enhanced nutrients and heavy metals removal.•Nutrients recovery from sewage sludge to biomass were achieved.•32.8 ± 0.7% of the TN and 50.3 ± 1.8% of the TP were recycled from OSS being absorbed into algal-bacterial biomass.
Many studies predict that climate change will cause species movement and turnover, but few have considered the effect of climate change on range fragmentation for current species and/or populations. ...We used MaxEnt to predict suitable habitat, fragmentation and turnover for 134 amphibian species in China under 40 future climate change scenarios spanning four pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6 and RCP8.5) and two time periods (the 2050s and 2070s). Our results show that climate change may cause a major shift in spatial patterns of amphibian diversity. Amphibians in China would lose 20% of their original ranges on average; the distribution outside current ranges would increase by 15%. Suitable habitats for over 90% of species will be located in the north of their current range, for over 95% of species in higher altitudes (from currently 137-4,124 m to 286-4,396 m in the 2050s or 314-4,448 m in the 2070s), and for over 75% of species in the west of their current range. Also, our results predict two different general responses to the climate change: some species contract their ranges while moving westwards, southwards and to higher altitudes, while others expand their ranges. Finally, our analyses indicate that range dynamics and fragmentation are related, which means that the effects of climate change on Chinese amphibians might be two-folded.
•The effect of AAEMs in coal on light arenes formation is investigated during coal pyrolysis.•The distribution of coal tar composition will be changed under the catalytic effect of AAEMs.•AAEMs can ...crack phenols and condensed aromatics into light aromatic hydrocarbons.
Light aromatic hydrocarbons from coal pyrolysis such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene have been found wide applications as industrial raw materials. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) are of considerable effect on the yield and distribution of coal tar during pyrolysis. In this study, the yield and distribution of the pyrolysis products of three raw coals with different ranks, demineralized coals prepared by acid washing, and metal-loaded coals were investigated using pyrolysis–gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (Py–GC/MS). The results show that the yields of benzene, xylene, toluene, and naphthalene are significantly different before and after acid washing, and the generation of light aromatic hydrocarbons has an obvious dependency on AAEMs in coal. AAEMs have good catalytic activity on the decomposition of phenols and condensed aromatics to light aromatic hydrocarbons.
Ethanol synthesis from syngas via dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation is of crucial importance for environment- and energy-related applications. Herein, we designed the bifunctional Cu nanoparticle ...(NP) inlaid mesoporous Al2O3 catalyst and first applied it to ethanol synthesis with high efficiency. The catalyst was made based on the spatial restriction strategy by pinning the Cu NPs on mesoporous Al2O3 to conquer the sintering problem and facilitate the stability (>200 h at 270 °C), which has potential values in high-temperature and exothermic reactions. The plentiful pores, highly exposed and properly assembled Cu-acid sites, furnished the catalyst with high ethanol yield (∼94.9%). A structure-sensitive behavior that the intrinsic activity increases with the decreasing NP size was discussed. It was attributed to the change in metal–acid interfacial sites, morphology, and electronic structure and balance of surface Cu0–Cu+ species. The mechanism for DMO hydrogenation to ethanol involving activation of CO, C–O, and O–H bands was also proposed. As cleavage of these bonds is a versatile tool to utilize bioderived molecules (e.g., polyols), the bifunctional catalysts can also be applied to hydrogenolysis of C–O bonds or etherification of O–H groups to produce various chemicals.
Vaccine immunotherapy may improve survival in Glioblastoma (GBM). A multicenter phase II trial was designed to determine: (1) the success rate of manufacturing the Aivita GBM vaccine (AV-GBM-1), (2) ...Adverse Events (AE) associated with AV-GBM-1 administration, and (3) survival.
Fresh suspected glioblastoma tissue was collected during surgery, and patients with pathology-confirmed GBM enrolled before starting concurrent Radiation Therapy and Temozolomide (RT/TMZ) with Intent to Treat (ITT) after recovery from RT/TMZ. AV-GBM-1 was made by incubating autologous dendritic cells with a lysate of irradiated autologous Tumor-Initiating Cells (TICs). Eligible patients were adults (18 to 70 years old) with a Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of 70 or greater, a successful TIC culture, and sufficient monocytes collected. A cryopreserved AV-GBM-1 dose was thawed and admixed with 500 μg of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) before every subcutaneous (s.c.) administration.
Success rates were 97% for both TIC production and monocyte collection. AV-GBM-1 was manufactured for 63/63 patients; 60 enrolled per ITT; 57 started AV-GBM-1. The most common AEs attributed to AV-GBM-1 were local injection site reactions (16%) and flu-like symptoms (10%). Treatment-emergent AEs included seizures (33%), headache (37%), and focal neurologic symptoms (28%). One patient discontinued AV-GBM-1 because of seizures. Median Progression-Free Survival (mPFS) and median Overall Survival (mOS) from ITT enrollment were 10.4 and 16.0 months, respectively. 2-year Overall Survival (OS) is 27%.
AV-GBM-1 was reliably manufactured. Treatment was well-tolerated, but there were numerous treatment-emergent central nervous system AEs. mPFS was longer than historical benchmarks, though no mOS improvement was noted.
NCT, NCT03400917 , Registered 10 January 2018.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and aggressive disease that originates from lymphocytes and develops in the central nervous system. There is no standard ...consolidation/maintenance therapy for PCNSL. While there exists a variety of options, the high chance of inferior outcomes for elderly patients and the risk of neurotoxicity requires exploration of alternative options for consolidation/maintenance therapy for PCNSL in the elderly population with CNS lymphoma. We treated one 77-year-old patient with single agent ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain-barrier, as consolidation/maintenance therapy after induction therapy with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) and rituximab plus temozolomide. This treatment resulted in good tolerance, further resolution of a small residue lymphoma, and sustained remission. The patient has completed one year of consolidation/maintenance therapy and is currently under clinical and imaging surveillance. She has survived 27 months without recurrence since diagnosis. This case shows the potential effectiveness of single agent ibrutinib as consolidation/maintenance therapy for PCNSL after induction therapy. More cases are needed to confirm the findings.
Type-II nodal line semimetal He, Jing; Kong, Xiao; Wang, Wei ...
New journal of physics,
05/2018, Letnik:
20, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Recently, topological semimetals have become a hot topic in condensed matter physics, including Dirac semimetals, Weyl semimetals, and nodal line semimetals (NLSMs). In this paper, a new type of ...NLSM-type-II NLSM-is proposed based on a two-band cubic lattice model. For type-II NLSM, the zero energy bulk states have a closed loop in momentum space but the (local) Weyl cones on the nodal line become tilted. The effect of the magnetic field and that of the correlation on type-II NLSM are studied. In particular, after considering the repulsive interaction and additional spin degrees of freedom, different types of long range magnetic orders appear in bulk states. In addition, the interaction-induced ferromagnetic (FM) order of surface states may exist. At a critical point between type-I NLSM and type-II NLSM, arbitrary tiny interactions induce FM order due to a flat band at the Fermi surface.
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