The aim of the study is to present the origins and development of academic institutions educat- ing librarians in Poland between 1945 and 2015, taking into account the institutional and scholarly ...aspects. In the first part of the paper the author presents the history of various institutions — university faculties, departments and institutes — arranged diachronically in three stages (1945–1974, 1975–1989, 1990–2015). She takes into account the circumstances of their establishment (including the legal framework), their organisers, staff, organisational structures and their changes. In addition, she points to other components of academic life influencing the work of academic library science centres, such as conferences and journals. In the second part, devoted to a discussion of bibliological and information-science research conducted at Polish universities, the author focuses on various issues, treating chronology only as an element organising descriptions of research processes at individual library studies centres. She identifies the areas of research, as well as changes in the thematic foci in the analysed period, citing selected scholars and their most important works. Like in part one, she also discusses the social, political and cultural determinants stimulating research processes, paying particular attention to the impact of new technologies and media. The author’s overview confirms the huge role the academic institutions engaged in library studies play in the consolidation of the position of bibliology as an academic discipline, but at the same time, she shows how the research profile of book studies has been changing in recent years, including issues associated with information science and new technologies.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are widely used as a biomarker source in nutrition/obesity studies because they reflect gene expression profiles of internal tissues. In this pilot ...proof-of-concept study we analysed in humans if, as we previously suggested in rodents, PBMC could be a surrogate tissue to study overweight/obesity impact on lipid metabolism. Pre-selected key lipid metabolism genes based in our previous preclinical studies were analysed in PBMC of normoglycemic normal-weight (NW), and overweight-obese (OW-OB) subjects before and after a 6-month weight-loss plan. PBMC mRNA levels of CPT1A, FASN and SREBP-1c increased in the OW-OB group, according with what described in liver and adipose tissue of humans with obesity. This altered expression pattern was related to increased adiposity and early signs of metabolic impairment. Greater weight loss and/or metabolic improvement as result of the intervention was related to lower CPT1A, FASN and SREBP-1c gene expression in an adjusted linear mixed-effects regression analysis, although no gene expression recovery was observed when considering mean comparisons. Thus, human PBMC reflect lipid metabolism expression profile of energy homeostatic tissues, and early obesity-related alterations in metabolic at-risk subjects. Further studies are needed to understand PBMC usefulness for analysis of metabolic recovery in weigh management programs.
The LPIS (Land Parcel Identification System) supports area-based payment schemes in EU countries under the Common Agricultural Policy and is a useful tool enabling the proper functioning of the ...structural agriculture support mechanism. This study analyses the agricultural parcel management system in Poland in the context of solutions applied in the EU within the Common Agricultural Policy. The research concerns solutions applied in the field of the LPIS system, arising from European legal and technical specifications, particularly those referring to the adopted type of a reference parcel (agricultural parcel, cadastral parcel, farmers’ block, physical block, topographic block). Based on the data originating from LPIS questionnaire interviews, a study was conducted related to the adopted models of reference parcels in the EU countries and regions, including in Poland in the years 2006–2016. The research sample comprised LPIS systems functioning in the EU in the analytical period. In the paper, it is demonstrated how the implemented models of reference parcels had been changing over time and the most frequent reasons of the changes were indicated. Poland is one of few EU Member States in which the Land and Property Register has been the basis for the LPIS since 2006. The conclusions of the research provide a basis for planning of a change in LPIS in Poland.
A poor prenatal environment brings about perturbations in leptin surge and hypothalamic circuitry that program impaired ability to regulate energy homeostasis in adulthood. Here, using a rat model of ...moderate maternal caloric restriction during gestation, we aimed to investigate whether leptin supplementation with physiological doses throughout lactation is able to ameliorate the adverse developmental malprogramming effects exerted in offspring hypothalamus structure and function. Three groups of male and female rats were studied: the offspring of ad libitum fed dams (controls), the offspring of 20% calorie restricted dams during the first part of pregnancy (CR), and CR rats supplemented with physiological doses of leptin throughout lactation (CR-Leptin). Animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 25. Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies on arcuate (ARC) and paraventicular (PVN) nucleus were performed and hypothalamic expression levels of selected genes were determined. In CR males, leptin treatment restored, at least in part, the number of immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (NPY(+)) cells in ARC, the total number of cells in PVN, hypothalamic NPY, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) mRNA levels, and plasma leptin levels, which were decreased in CR animals. CR-Leptin males showed higher hypothalamic long-form leptin receptor (ObRb) mRNA levels, compared to control and CR animals. In CR females, leptin treatment reverted the increased number of cells in ARC and cell density in ARC and PVN, and reduced hypothalamic SOCS-3 mRNA expression to levels similar to controls. Leptin treatment also reverted the increased relative area of NPY(+) fibers in the PVN occurring in CR animals. In conclusion, leptin supplementation throughout lactation is able to revert, at least partly, most of the developmental effects on hypothalamic structure and function caused by moderate maternal caloric restriction during gestation, and hence making this metabolic malprogramming reversible to some extent.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Consumption of certain foods is associated with long-term weight gains and abdominal fat accumulation in healthy, middle-aged and young, non-obese participants. Whether the same foods might be ...associated with changes in adiposity in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk is less known.
Using yearly repeated measurements of both food habits and adiposity parameters, we aimed to investigate how changes in the consumption of specific foods were associated with concurrent changes in weight or waist circumference (WC) in the PREDIMED trial.
We followed-up 7009 participants aged 55-70 years at high cardiovascular risk for a median time of 4.8 years. A validated 137-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for dietary assessment with yearly repeated measurements. We longitudinally assessed associations between yearly changes in food consumption (serving/d) and concurrent changes in weight (kg) or WC (cm).
Yearly increments in weight were observed with increased consumption (kg per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) for refined grains (0.32 kg/serving/d), red meat (0.24), potatoes (0.23), alcoholic beverages (0.18), processed meat (0.15), white bread (0.07) and sweets (0.04); whereas inverse associations were detected for increased consumption of low-fat yogurt (- 0.18), and low-fat milk (- 0.06). Annual WC gain (cm per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) occurred with increased consumption of snacks, fast-foods and pre-prepared dishes (0.28), processed meat (0.18), alcoholic beverages (0.13), and sweets (0.08); whereas increased consumption of vegetables (- 0.23), and nuts (- 0.17), were associated with reductions in WC.
In this assessment conducted in high-risk subjects using yearly repeated measurements of food habits and adiposity, some ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates (including white bread), potatoes, red meats and alcohol were associated with higher weight and WC gain, whereas increases in consumption of low-fat dairy products and plant foods were associated with less gain in weight and WC.
This study was registered at controlled-trials.com with International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.
A better understanding of patient non-adherence to type 2 diabetes medication is needed to design effective interventions to address this issue.
(1) To estimate the prevalence of non-adherence to ...diabetes medication; (2) to examine its impact on glycemic control and insulin initiation; (3) to develop and validate a prediction model of non-adherence.
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study based on data from electronic health records. We included adult patients registered within the Health Service of the Balearic Islands (Spain) starting a new prescription of a non-insulin glucose-lowering drug between January 2016 and December 2018. We calculated non-adherence at 12 months follow-up, defined as medication possession ratio (MPR) ≤ 80%. We fitted multivariable regression models to examine the association between non-adherence and glycemic control and insulin initiation and identified predictors of non-adherence.
Of 18,119 patients identified, after 12 months follow-up, 5,740 (31.68%) were non-adherent. Compared with non-adherent, adherent patients presented lower HbA1c levels (mean difference = -0.32%; 95%CI = -0.38%; -0.27%) and were less likely to initiate insulin (aOR = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.63; 0.94). A predictive model explained 22.3% of the variation and presented a satisfactory performance (AUC = 0.721; Brier score = 0.177). The most important predictors of non-adherence were: non-Spanish nationality, currently working, low adherence to previous drugs, taking biguanides, smoker and absence of hypertension.
Around one-third of the patients do not adhere to their non-insulin glucose-lowering drugs. More research is needed to optimise the performance of the predicting model before considering its implementation in routine clinical practice.
The purpose of the study is to describe relations connecting the Gebethner & Wolff editing bookshop with Łódź at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The company established in 1857 in Warsaw ...opened in Łódź, in 1890, the warehouse of grand pianos, pianos and harmoniums, as well as a storehouse of notes. In further years, agencies selling periodicals – “Kurier Codzienny” (1893) and “Tygodnik Ilustrowany” (1896) published by Gebethner & Wolff also commenced their activities. Both the shop and the agencies played a significant role in the integration of the music and the journalistic environment in Łódź. In 1898 a bookshop was opened; however, it was sold to Rychliński & Wegner company in 1901. The next Gebethner & Wolff bookshop, established in 1912, conducted its activity until the beginning of the World War II. It offered mainly literature from a native publishing house, as well as quality foreign-language publications. During World War I, the bookshop organised special exhibits, the purpose of which was to promote Polish educational books.
The Gebethner & Wolff company has also undertaken activities that contributed to the popularisation of Łódź. It was the special number of “Tygodnik Ilustrowany” devoted to Łódź (1911 no. 19), as well as the information diary for 1914 called “Rocznik Łódźki Gebethnera & Wolffa” Łódź Yearbook of the Gebethner & Wolff. However, it was W. Reymont’s “Ziemia Obiecana” The Promised Land, which had the greatest impact on shaping the image of the city upon the Łódka river. The initiative of appearance and publishing of the book was the effect of activity of Gebethner & Wolff.
The achievement of the above-mentioned, as well as other activities, became possible thanks to the participation of numerous persons connected with Łódź. They were, among others, booksellers: Robert Schwartzchultz, Juliusz Goźlinski, Stanislaw Miszewski, journalists: Wladyslaw Rowiński and Zenon Pietkiewicz, as well as the son of the company’s co-owner, Gustaw Wojciech Gebethner.
The purpose of the study is to show relations connecting the Gebethner & Wolff editing bookshop with Łódź at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The company, established in 1857 in Warsaw opened ...in Łódź, in 1890, the warehouse of grand pianos, pianos and harmoniums, as well as a storehouse of music scores. In further years agencies selling periodicals – “Kurier Codzienny” (1893) and “Tygodnik Ilustrowany” (1896) published by Gebethner & Wolff also commenced their activities. Both, the shop and the agencies played significant role in integration of music and journalistic environment in Łódź. In 1898 a bookshop was opened, however it was sold to Rychliński & Wegner company in 1901. The next Gebethner & Wolff bookshop, established in 1912, conducted its activity until the beginning of the 2nd World War. It offered mainly literature its own publishing house, as well as quality foreign-language publications. During the 1st World War the bookshop organised special exhibitions, the purpose of which was to promote Polish educational books.
Gebethner & Wolff company has also undertaken activities contributing to popularisation of Łódź. It was the special number of “Tygodnik Ilustrowany” devoted to Łódź (1911 no. 19), as well as the information diary for 1914 named “Rocznik Lodzki Gebethnera & Wolffa” Lodz Yearbook of the Gebethner & Wolff. However, it was W. Reymont’s “Ziemia Obiecana” The Promised Land, which had the greatest impact on shaping the image of the city by the Lodka River. The initiative of appearance and publishing of the book was the effect of activity of the Gebethner & Wolff.
Accomplishment of the above mentioned objectives, as well as other activities became possible thanks to involvement of numerous people connected with Łódź. They were, among others, booksellers: Robert Schwartzchultz, Juliusz Goźlinski, Stanislaw Miszewski, journalists: Wladyslaw Rowinski and Zenon Pietkiewicz, as well as the son of the company’s co-owner – Gustaw Wojciech Gebethner.
The main objective of this work was to explore the association of dietary phytate intake with bone mineral density (BMD) in a Mediterranean population of postmenopausal women. For this purpose, a ...cross-sectional analysis of 561 women aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from a Mediterranean area and with data on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in femur and lumbar spine was performed. Estimated phytate intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Our results indicated that phytate intake was associated with BMD β(95%CI) per each 25 mg/100 kcal in femoral neck 0.023(0.060-0.040) g/cm
, femoral Ward's triangle 0.033(0.013-0.054) g/cm
, total femur 0.018(0.001-0.035) g/cm
, and all the analyzed lumbar spine sites L1-L4: 0.033(0.007-0.059) g/cm
after adjusting for potential confounders. The sensitivity analysis showed that phytate intake was directly associated with lumbar spine BMD in women younger than 66 years, with a body mass index higher than 32.6 kg/cm
and without type 2 diabetes (all
-for interactions < 0.05). The overall results indicated that phytate, a substance present in food as cereals, legumes and nuts, was positively associated with BMD in Mediterranean postmenopausal women. Phytate may have a protective effect on bone resorption by adsorbing on the surfaces of HAP. Nevertheless, large, long-term, and randomized prospective clinical studies must be performed to assess the possible benefits of phytate consumption on BMD in postmenopausal women.
Purpose
Inflammation could play a key role in tissue damage and bone metabolism. The modified dietary inflammatory score (M-DIS) is a validated tool to estimate the inflammatory potential of the ...diet. In the present study, we evaluate the associations between the M-DIS and bone mineral density (BMD) in a senior Mediterranean population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Methods
Baseline cross-sectional association between the M-DIS and bone mineral density was assessed in 1134 participants of the multicenter PREDIMED-Plus trial (aged 55–75 with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome). BMD was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans and participants answered a food frequency questionnaire to determine the M-DIS. BMD was categorized as low BMD when
T
score was equal or lower than -1 and normal BMD in another case. Associations between BMD and M-DIS were evaluated by using linear and logistic regressions adjusted by other co-variates.
Results
Participants in the top tertile of the M-DIS had a lower BMD at total femur β (95% CI) − 0.02 (− 0.04, − 0.01), trochanter areas β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.01) and lumbar spine area β (95% CI) − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.01) (but in the last case, measures were less precise and hence not statistically significant) compared to those in the lower M-DIS tertile. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of the total femur and femoral trochanter osteopenia/osteoporosis were higher in participants in the top tertile compared to those in the lowest tertile of M-DIS OR (95% CI) 1.71 (1.12, 2.64),
P
for trend 0.015; 2.02 (1.29, 3.21),
P
for trend 0.002, respectively.
Conclusion
A high pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the M-DIS, is associated with lower BMD in a senior Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome.
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