The formation of graphite crystals was found at relatively low temperatures as 900-1100°C from the powder mixtures of poly (vinyl alcohol) and either iron or nickel oxide. From the mixtures with ...Fe2O3, graphite crystals were formed above 900°C, but those with NiO the heat treatment at 1000°C for more than 5h. Before graphite formation from the mixtures with NiO, well-developed turbostratic structure was found to be formed. Formation of graphite crystals at the temperatures as low as 900-1000°C was supposed to occur through the dissolution and precipitation from nickel melt, but through the decomposition of various iron carbides.
The recent developments in the space technology demand various services to the exhausted or damaged satellites such as refueling and repairing in order to extend their life spans. In this paper, an ...automated object capturing with a two-arm flexible manipulator is addressed, which is a basic technology for such services. This object capturing includes the symmetric cooperative control, the visual servoing, the resolution of the inverse kinematics problem and the optimization of the configuration of a two-arm redundant flexible manipulator. There have been no researches on such a practical application with the flexible manipulators so far. The effectiveness of this capturing sequence is validated with the experiment.
To clarify the ion/water secretion mechanism in the nasal epithelial cells, the Ussing chamber method was applied to the nasal mucosa isolated from guinea pigs. The preparation, which contained ...surface epithelial cells, showed a small but consistent potential difference between mucosal and submucosal sides (mucosal surface negative to submucosa). The short-circuit current (Isc) across the epithelial layer was measured, and the effects of Na+ and/or Cl- transport inhibitors and methacholine (MCh) on Isc were analyzed. The basal Isc was almost totally suppressed by the combined appli-cation of amiloride (Na+ transport inhibitor) and low-Cl- Krebs Ringer (KR) solution or solutions containing Cl- transport inhibitors (furosemide or DPC). The application of MCh elicited triphasic Isc responses, i.e., initial transient increase (phase 1) followed by a small decrease (phase 2) and further sustained increase (phase 3) in Isc. A possible ionic mechanism underlying phase 1 and 3 responses was analyzed. The Phase 1 response was greatly reduced by low-Cl- KR solution or furosemide but not influenced by amiloride. The Phase 3 response was augmented by amiloride and suppressed by low-Cl- KR solution, furosemide or DPC. These findings indicated that the basal Isc was associated with Cl- secretion and/or Na+ absorption across epithelial cells under short-circuit condition and that MCh increased Isc probably via enhancing Cl- secretion in the nasal surface epithelial cell.
This paper discusses cooperative control of a two-arm spatial flexible manipulator with redundancy. Two different approaches are discussed to solve the kinematics of this manipulator. Moreover, ...several performance criteria are also discussed for this system in order to obtain an optimal kinematics solution. Some of the criteria discussed are peculiar to the cooperation of the two-arm spatial flexible manipulators, and have not been described before. Finally, the criteria and kinematics solutions are evaluated with experimental implementations.
For the purpose of comparison of the therapeutic effects and side effects between Apalcillin (APPC) and Carbenicillin (CBPC), a comparative clinical study was carried out in 142 patients with chronic ...respiratory tract infections at 31 institutions in Japan. Either of APPC or CBPC was assigned to each patient at random. Administration was performed by intravenous drip infusions for a fixed period of 14 days and the daily dosage was fixed at 2g (APPC) or 4 g (CBPC). A committee consisting of several physicians who had not been informed of the name of actually given drug, made a judgement on the severity, therapeutic results and presence or absence of side effects in each patient based on the detailed subjective and objective symptoms, laboratory findings and chest X-ray films. Subsequently, the key code for the drug administered to each patient was opened and a statistical analysis was carried out by a comparison between two groups (APPC group and CBPC group) with respect to background factors, clinical effectiveness, bacteriological effectiveness, degree of improvement and side effects. Out of 142 cases originally admitted to the trial, 16 cases were excluded bacause of failure to meet the initially established protocol and 126 cases (67 from APPC group and 59 from CBPC group) were used for the analysis of effectiveness while the analysis of side effects was done in 141 cases (75 from APPC group and 66 from CBPC group). It was indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding background factors except body weight, PaCO2 and ESR. Clinical effects of APPC were good in 40 cases, fair in 7 cases, poor in 19 cases and unknown in 1 case and those of CBPC were excellent in 3 cases, good in 32 cases, fair in 15 cases, poor in 7 cases and unknown in 2 cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the both groups concerning clinical effectiveness, bacteriological effectiveness and the degree of improvement. As to the incidence of side effects, no statistically significant difference was observed between the both groups.
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