We reviewed gastric ulcer healing by dopamine considering several distinctive duodenal key points. Selye and Szabo describe the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in rats as a duodenal stress ulcer in ...patients. Szabo's cysteamine duodenal ulcer as the dopamine duodenal healing and cysteamine as a dopamine antagonist signifies the dopamine agonists anti-ulcer effect and dopamine antagonists ulcerogenic effect. From these viewpoints, we focused on dopamine and gastric ulcer healing. We mentioned antecedent studies on the dopamine presence in the stomach and gastric juice. Then we reviewed, in the timeline, therapy significance arising from the anti-ulcer potency of the various dopamine agonists, which is highly prevailing over the quite persistent beneficial evidence arising from the various dopamine antagonists. Meanwhile, the beneficial effects of several peptides (i.e., amylin, cholecystokinin, leptin, and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, suggested as an acting mediator of the dopamine brain-gut axis) were included in the dopamine gastric ulcer story. We attempt to resolve dopamine agonists/antagonists issue with the dopamine significance in the stress (cysteamine as a prototype of the duodenal stress ulcer), and cytoprotection (cysteamine in small dose as a prototype of the cytoprotective agents; cysteamine duodenal ulcer in gastrectomized rats). Thereby, along with dopamine agonists' beneficial effects, in special circumstances, dopamine antagonists having their own ulcerogenic effect may act as "mild stress (or)" or "small irritant" counteracting subsequent strong alcohol or stress procedure-induced severe lesions in this particular tissue. Finally, in the conclusion, as a new improvement in further therapy, we emphasized the advantages of the dopamine agents' application in lower gastrointestinal tract therapy.
In heart disturbances, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 especial therapy effects combine the therapy of myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension arrhythmias, and thrombosis ...prevention and reversal. The shared therapy effect occurred as part of its even larger cytoprotection (cardioprotection) therapy effect (direct epithelial cell protection; direct endothelium cell protection) that BPC 157 exerts as a novel cytoprotection mediator, which is native and stable in human gastric juice, as well as easily applicable. Accordingly, there is interaction with many molecular pathways, combining maintained endothelium function and maintained thrombocytes function, which counteracted thrombocytopenia in rats that underwent major vessel occlusion and deep vein thrombosis and counteracted thrombosis in all vascular studies; the coagulation pathways were not affected. These appeared as having modulatory effects on NO-system (NO-release, NOS-inhibition, NO-over-stimulation all affected), controlling vasomotor tone and the activation of the Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS pathway and modulatory effects on the prostaglandins system (BPC 157 counteracted NSAIDs toxicity, counteracted bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and in particular, leaky gut syndrome). As an essential novelty noted in the vascular studies, there was the activation of the collateral pathways. This might be the upgrading of the minor vessel to take over the function of the disabled major vessel, competing with and counteracting the Virchow triad circumstances devastatingly present, making possible the recruitment of collateral blood vessels, compensating vessel occlusion and reestablishing the blood flow or bypassing the occluded or ruptured vessel. As a part of the counteraction of the severe vessel and multiorgan failure syndrome, counteracted were the brain, lung, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal lesions, and in particular, the counteraction of the heart arrhythmias and infarction.
Maligni pleuralni mezoteliom rijetka je i agresivna primarna novotvorina mezotelnih stanica pleure. Glavni rizični čimbenik je izloženost azbestu, najčešće uz latenciju od 30–50 godina. Unatoč ...terapiji medijan preživljenja je od 4 do 18 mjeseci, ovisno o izvoru. Cilj istraživanja bio je odrediti karakteristike bolesnika oboljelih od malignoga pleuralnog mezotelioma te ishode njihova liječenja na KBC Zagreb u razdoblju od 1999. do 2012. godine. Ispitane su karakteristike 101 bolesnika dijagnosticiranog i liječenog na KBC Zagreb u razdoblju od rujna 1999. do rujna 2012. Analizirali smo ukupno preživljenje (OS), preživljenje bez progresije bolesti (PFS) te preživljenje ovisno o histološkom podtipu tumora, dobi, kliničkom stadiju, pleurodezi talkom i modalitetu liječenja. Koristili smo Kaplan-Meierovu metodu za izradu krivulje preživljenja. 89 bolesnika bilo je muškog, 12 ženskog spola, a medijan dobi 62 godine. Prema TNM klasifikaciji stadij IV je utvrđen kod 69,3%, stadij III kod 26,73%, te stadij II kod samo 3,96% bolesnika. 73,26% bolesnika imalo je epiteloidni, 4,95% sarkomatoidni, 1% mješoviti te 20,79% NOS (nespecifirani) histološki podtip bolesti. Kirurški je liječeno 14,85% bolesnika, kemoterapijom 55,44%, dok je radioterapija primijenjena kod 9,9% bolesnika. Medijan OS iznosi 11 mjeseci, dok je PFS 10 mjeseci. Prema histološkom podtipu medijan OS iznosio je 11 mjeseci za epiteloidni, 12,5 za NOS te 5,5 za sarkomatoidni, a prema kliničkom stadiju 7 mjeseci za stadij II, 17,5 mjeseci za stadij III te 11 mjeseci za stadij IV. Medijan OS bio je dulji u skupini bolesnika mlađoj od 65 godina (12 naspram 8,5 mjeseci, p=0.28), skupini sa učinjenom pleurodezom (13 naspram 7,5 mjeseci, p=0.06) te u skupini liječenoj kemoterapijom (12,5 naspram 7,5 mjeseci, p=0.10). Očekivano preživljenje bolesnika oboljelih od malignoga pleuralnog mezotelioma u Republici Hrvatskoj u skladu je s podatcima iz literature. Ispitane metode liječenja relativno skromno utječu na preživljenje bolesnika.
To find a suitable method for treating printing ink wastewater, the fundamental behavior and characteristics of two kinds of experimental flexographic printing ink wastewater were studied. The ...differences between the two prepared wastewaters were the use of different kinds of binders-resins and pigments and different solvent contents representative of real printing inks. Examination of the water quality characteristics of the simulated wastewaters confirmed that the wastewaters were too highly loaded with organic substances for discharge and were not biodegradable. The prepared wastewaters also showed some colloidal dispersion properties. Such properties were strongly affected by pH. As pH decreased, the negative electrical charge of the particles was neutralized, resulting in their aggregation. Therefore, the present study focused on optimizing flocculation processes to destabilize the dispersions. Inorganic electrolytes were found to be more efficient flocculants than the organic polyelectrolytes tested. Even when added in very small quantity, inorganic electrolytes caused extensive neutralization of particle charges and consequent floc formation. The optimum flocculant concentration was determined on the basis of electrokinetic (zeta) potential and turbidity measurements. Mixing intensity, expressed as the mean mixing velocity gradient (G), and time of mixing (t) were investigated, and the optimum Gt product ($Gt_{{\rm OPT}}=4.45\times 10^{4}$) was determined using turbidity values of supernatant water and sedimentation velocity of obtained flocs as criteria for flocculation efficiency. Flocculation was shown to be a simple and efficient treatment from an economic and technical point of view. It was capable of removing a substantial portion of the organic content, completely removing color and turbidity.
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