Our study aimed to identify relevant transcriptomic biomarkers for the Wilms tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer, independent of the histological type and stage. Using next-generation ...sequencing, we analyzed the miRNA profiles of 74 kidney samples, which were divided into two independent groups: fresh frozen tissue and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Subsequent mRNA expression profiling and pathway analysis were performed to establish the interplay and potential involvement of miRNAs and mRNA in the Wilms tumor. Comparative analysis, irrespective of post-dissection tissue processing, revealed 41 differentially expressed miRNAs, with 27 miRNAs having decreased expression and 14 miRNAs having increased expression in the Wilms tumor tissue compared to healthy kidney tissue. Among global mRNA transcriptomic profile differences, cross-sectional analysis suggested a limited list of genes potentially regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in the Wilms tumor. This study identified the comprehensive miRNA and mRNA profile of the Wilms tumor using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approach, providing better insights into the pathogenesis of the Wilms tumor. The identified Wilms tumor miRNAs have potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of the Wilms tumor, regardless of histological subtype and disease stage.
Ensuring unimpeded urine drainage from the upper portion of the urinary tract system, specifically the renal pelvis, is achieved through a temporary measure known as percutaneous nephrostomy. This ...procedure is most commonly employed in small children with congenital ureteral stenosis. The nephrostomy exit site and nephrostomy tube care are performed by the child‘s parents at home after being trained by experienced medical personnel. Complications associated with nephrostomy include local inflammation at the nephrostomy exit site, displacement or damage of the nephrostomy tube, and urinary tract infections. After nephrostomy formation, a narrowing of the previously dilated renal pelvis can be observed on ultrasound. The duration for which a child requires a nephrostomy depends on the underlying cause of the urinary tract obstruction and the planned course of treatment, with the condition closely monitored by ultrasound.
Cystinuria is a rare genetic disease characterised by the appearance of kidney stones. Clinically, it is manifested by renal pain, fever or haematuria. In untreated patients, stones may cause urinary ...tract obstruction and endanger the kidney. The diagnosis is made by a positive family his- tory of cystinuria, if pathognomonic hexagonal crystals of cystine are identified in the urine, or if the analysed stone contains cystine. The initial treatment for cystinuria consists of conservative measures such as increasing fluid intake, limiting sodium and protein intake and urine alkalisation. In addition, medicines containing sulphhydryl groups (e.g. thiopronin, D-penicillamine) are used. Urological surgery is rarely required.
Urinary outflow obstruction in childhood has various causes. If left untreated several consequences or even kidney injury can occur. With respect to the level of obstruction, an upper (pieloureteral ...stenosis – PUS, vesicoureteral stenosis – VUS, ureterocoele and ectopic urether) or lower urinary tract obstruction (posterior urethral valve – PUV) can be characterized. The treatment consensus must be reached among different specialists upon careful examination of the results and thereafter the parents have to be thoroughly informed about the decision. We can either decide on radiological intervention or surgical treatment, most frequently a combination of both. The results are generally good, but we must bear in mind that in more serious anomalies, the deterioration of kidney function is in the best case postponed and a further follow-up is mandatory.
Atypical acts of the European Union (EU) relating to intellectual property (IP) protection - use of atypical acts to enable flexibility and for pre- and post-regulation purposes - enforcement of IP ...rights - advantages of the use of atypical acts - ability to be more policy-driven and enable political concerns relating to EU external trade relations to be addressed - balancing disadvantages and benefits in the use of atypical acts in external policies.
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