Denitrification in tidal freshwater river channels and their adjoining freshwater wetlands greatly affects nitrogen export from river networks, yet the relative importance of these two habitats to ...nitrogen export has not been examined. Knowledge of how these habitats contribute to denitrification of the river nitrogen load is critical for improving models of nitrogen transport. Denitrification rates were measured in sediments from the channel, bank, and floodplain at upstream and downstream sites of two forested tidal freshwater zones (TFZs) in North Carolina, the New River and Newport River, using membrane inlet mass spectrometry to measure N
2
production. Denitrification rates did not usually differ statistically between the channel, bank, and floodplain, although denitrification was highest on the floodplain at the upstream site in the Newport River. When these rates were extrapolated across the entire area of the TFZ, the channel contributed more to the N
2
flux than the riparian zone. These results indicate that denitrification rates are comparable between the channel and riparian zone in forested TFZs, and that the importance of the channel versus the riparian zone depends on channel and floodplain morphology.
How is it possible to analyse the seemingly contradictory modernization processes in Southeast Asian states? On the one hand, these states feature the universal characteristics of modern states, ...while on the other, seemingly traditional patterns such as patronage, cronyism, etc. are an integral part of their administrations. Furthermore, the states and bureaucracies are fairly stable and able to provide a framework for rapid economic development. This article combines a neo-institutionalist perspective that allows us to 'decouple' organizational structures from action structures, and thus take into account the discrepancy between the modern form and supposedly 'Asian' content of the states. It also considers the facts in the light of concepts such as 'multiple modernities' and 'contested institutionalism'. Thus, different modernization processes that lead to universalism are present, resulting from the interdependency of organizations within a global organizational field, as well as particularism which enables diversity in action. Thailand and Myanmar are taken as case studies, because Thailand has always followed a strategy of international integration, in contrast to isolationist Myanmar. Wie können widersprüchliche Modernisierungsprozesse der Staaten Südostasiens analysiert werden? Auf der einen Seite zeigen die Staaten Kennzeichen moderner Staaten, während auf der anderen Seite traditionelle Formen wie Patronage, Cronyism usw. ein Merkmal der Staatsverwaltungen sind. Gleichzeitig sind die politischen und Verwaltungssysteme erstaunlich stabil und dazu in der Lage, einen Rahmen für rapide wirtschaftliche Entwicklung zu bilden. Im Artikel verwenden wir eine neo-instutionalistische Perspektive, vor allem Überlegungen zu ,decoupling‘ von Organisations- und Handlungsstruktur, um so die Diskrepanzen zwischen modernen Formen der Staaten mit ,asiatischen‘ Inhalten zu erfassen. Der neo-institutionalistische Ansatz wird mit dem Konzept der ,multiple modernities‘ und ,umstrittener Institutionalisierung‘ verbunden. So lassen sich die parellelen Prozesse von Universalisierungen, die sich aus Interdependenzen von Organisationen in einem ,organisational field‘ ergeben, mit Prozessen der Partikularisierung verbinden, durch die sich vielfältige Handlungsmöglichkeiten innerhalb der Staatsorganisation ergeben. Thailand und Myanmar wurden als Beispiele gewählt, da Thailand immer eine Strategie der internationalen Integration verfolgte, gegenüber dem auf Isolation bedachten Verhalten Myanmars.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Digitization errors of fast digital recorders Korff, Herbert; Schon, Klaus
IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement,
06/1987, Letnik:
IM-36, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Digital recorders for fast signals are known to show digitization errors much greater than those due to ideal quantization and sampling. Various test methods for evaluating the digitization errors of ...several fast digitizers are investigated and discussed. Methods for reducing the digitization errors of recorders are given.
In most animals, the brain controls the body via a set of descending neurons (DNs) that traverse the neck. DN activity activates, maintains or modulates locomotion and other behaviors. Individual DNs ...have been well-studied in species from insects to primates, but little is known about overall connectivity patterns across the DN population. We systematically investigated DN anatomy in
and created over 100 transgenic lines targeting individual cell types. We identified roughly half of all
DNs and comprehensively map connectivity between sensory and motor neuropils in the brain and nerve cord, respectively. We find the nerve cord is a layered system of neuropils reflecting the fly's capability for two largely independent means of locomotion -- walking and flight -- using distinct sets of appendages. Our results reveal the basic functional map of descending pathways in flies and provide tools for systematic interrogation of neural circuits.
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