We report on the modification of the g-factor by an in-plane electric field in an In\(_{0.031}\)Ga\(_{0.969}\)As epilayer. We performed external magnetic field scans of the Kerr rotation of the ...InGaAs film in order to independently determine the g-factor and the spin-orbit fields. The g-factor increases from \(-0.4473\pm0.0001\) at 0 V/cm to \(-0.4419\pm0.0001\) at 25 V/cm applied along the 1\(\overline{1}\)0 crystal axis. In addition, spatially-resolved spin measurements show a g-factor dependence on diffusive velocity. The change in g-factor with electric field can have a large effect on the determination of the internal spin-orbit and nuclear fields from Larmor precession frequency measurements.
In the marine mollusk Pleurobranchaea, it is known that feeding occurs and withdrawal from tactile stimuli is suppressed when the sensory stimuli for feeding and withdrawal are presented ...simultaneously. This "dominance" of feeding behavior over withdrawal behavior occurs because the central nervous network controlling feeding inhibits the central nervous network controlling withdrawal. The inhibition is mediated by a bilaterally symmetrical pair of reidentifiable feeding neurons that are members of the "corollary discharge" population in the buccal ganglion. This study supports the hypothesis that inhibitory interactions between competing motor systems are responsible for the "singleness of action" that characterizes animal behavior.
BICEP3 is a 550 mm-aperture refracting telescope for polarimetry of radiation in the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. It adopts the methodology of BICEP1, BICEP2 and the Keck Array experiments ...- it possesses sufficient resolution to search for signatures of the inflation-induced cosmic gravitational-wave background while utilizing a compact design for ease of construction and to facilitate the characterization and mitigation of systematics. However, BICEP3 represents a significant breakthrough in per-receiver sensitivity, with a focal plane area 5\(\times\) larger than a BICEP2/Keck Array receiver and faster optics (\(f/1.6\) vs. \(f/2.4\)). Large-aperture infrared-reflective metal-mesh filters and infrared-absorptive cold alumina filters and lenses were developed and implemented for its optics. The camera consists of 1280 dual-polarization pixels; each is a pair of orthogonal antenna arrays coupled to transition-edge sensor bolometers and read out by multiplexed SQUIDs. Upon deployment at the South Pole during the 2014-15 season, BICEP3 will have survey speed comparable to Keck Array 150 GHz (2013), and will significantly enhance spectral separation of primordial B-mode power from that of possible galactic dust contamination in the BICEP2 observation patch.
We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular ...scales of 1 to 5 degrees (\(\ell\)=40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26~cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 \(\mu\)K sqrt(s). The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5.2 \(\mu\)K arcmin) over an effective area of 384 square degrees within a 1000 square degree field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales.
The consumers' preferences and their reasons for vegetable consumption were examined with the aim to provide useful information to increase the consumption of these food items. Consumers' general ...viewpoints about vegetable consumption were examined using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted on a sample of 711 respondents chosen randomly and obtained data were analyzed by the correspondence analysis. Results suggest that consumers consider vegetables as tasty, easy to use and healthy for consumption. The main drawbacks for vegetable consumption are safety issues, short shelf-life and high price. In order to increase the consumption of these foodstuffs, each type of fresh and processed vegetable should have a specifically designed campaign, emphasizing its specific attribute. Obtained results might provide an insight into the current state of consumers' behavior in Serbia and might be useful for creating specific promotional programs and more appropriate communication strategies aiming to increase consumers' knowledge about the importance of regular vegetable consumption. They should raise consumers' awareness by emphasizing the importance of adequate daily vegetable consumption. This, in turn, should improve public health and reduce the health and economic costs of massive chronic diseases caused by inadequate diet.
Title of the paper: Estimation of variance components under dominance with simulated purebred lines A stochastic simulation based on a gene model was used to investigate the estimation of variance ...with dominance and additive animal models. For a heritability in broad sense of 0.5 three ratios of dominance variance (5, 10 and 25%) on the phenotypic variance were investigated under different degrees of dominance. No additionally biased estimations of the variance components as consequence of different dominance degrees were found. By using the dominance model for random mating as well as for selection the differences between true parameters and estimation values were small for all dominance degrees and ratios of dominance variance. Small, but significantly, differences can be explained by the change of the allele frequencies over the generations due to the influence of selection. By using the additive animal model, that ignores the dominance relationship, for high ratios of the dominance variance (25% or greater) important biased estimations of the variances were observed. For dominance ratios of 5% no significantly overestimation of the additive variances with the reduced model were found under selection and random mating.
(abridged for arXiv) We report results from the BICEP2 experiment, a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter specifically designed to search for the signal of inflationary gravitational waves ...in the B-mode power spectrum around \(\ell\sim80\). The telescope comprised a 26 cm aperture all-cold refracting optical system equipped with a focal plane of 512 antenna coupled transition edge sensor 150 GHz bolometers each with temperature sensitivity of \(\approx300\mu\mathrm{K}_\mathrm{CMB}\sqrt{s}\). BICEP2 observed from the South Pole for three seasons from 2010 to 2012. A low-foreground region of sky with an effective area of 380 square deg was observed to a depth of 87 nK deg in Stokes \(Q\) and \(U\). We find an excess of \(B\)-mode power over the base lensed-LCDM expectation in the range \(30< \ell< 150\), inconsistent with the null hypothesis at a significance of \(> 5\sigma\). Through jackknife tests and simulations we show that systematic contamination is much smaller than the observed excess. We also examine a number of available models of polarized dust emission and find that at their default parameter values they predict power \(\sim(5-10)\times\) smaller than the observed excess signal. However, these models are not sufficiently constrained to exclude the possibility of dust emission bright enough to explain the entire excess signal. Cross correlating BICEP2 against 100 GHz maps from the BICEP1 experiment, the excess signal is confirmed and its spectral index is found to be consistent with that of the CMB, disfavoring dust at \(1.7\sigma\). The observed \(B\)-mode power spectrum is well fit by a lensed-LCDM + tensor theoretical model with tensor-to-scalar ratio \(r=0.20^{+0.07}_{-0.05}\), with \(r=0\) disfavored at \(7.0\sigma\). Accounting for the contribution of foreground dust will shift this value downward by an amount which will be better constrained with upcoming data sets.
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