Abstract
Efficient and biologically safe mode of cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) is crucial for the development of CAPJ-based anticancer therapy. In the experiment and numerical simulations, by ...changing the pulse duration of a positive-pulsed (PP) voltage, we found the optimal CAPJ modes with a regular streamer propagation and a maximum discharge current at a temperature
T
<
42
∘
C. These CAPJs substantially suppressed the viability of cancer cells. To enhance a cytotoxic effect of CAPJ treatment, gold nanoparticles (NPs) were added to the cells before and after the CAPJ exposure. Combination of CAPJ, generated with the PP voltage, and gold NPs decreased the viability of NCI-H23 epithelial-like lung adenocarcinoma, A549 lung adenocarcinoma, BrCCh4e-134 breast adenocarcinoma and uMel1 uveal melanoma cells. Polyethylene glycol-modified NPs with attached fluorescent labels were used to visualize the uptake of NPs. We demonstrated that NPs efficiently entered the cells when were added to the cells just before CAPJ exposure or up to two hours afterwards. The efficiency of NPs penetration into cells positively correlated with the induced cytotoxic effect: it was maximal when NPs was added to cells right before or immediately after CAPJ exposure. Summarizing, the treatment with optimal CAPJ modes in combination with modified NPs, bearing the cancer-addressed molecules and therapeutics may be the next strategy of strengthening the CAPJ-based antitumor approaches.
To date, Higgs boson production has been observed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in four different channels. Associated Higgs boson production with a single top quark has not yet been observed. ...Study of this channel would make it possible to determine, for the first time, the complex phase of top-quark coupling to the Higgs boson. The possibility of discovering associated Higgs boson production with a single top quark is studied here by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. Criteria for signal selection and for the suppression of background events are proposed. It is shown that the set of data currently available from the LHC permits confirming or excluding a model in which the top-quark coupling to the Higgs boson has a sign opposite to that predicted by the Standard Model.
The aim of this study is the numerical research of anisotropic characteristics of a two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen atom induced by a magnetic field. The ground state energy (GSE) of the 2D hydrogen ...atom and the corresponding wavefunction have been numerically calculated in the Born–Oppenheimer approximation and taking into account the finite proton mass. The nonlinear dependence of the GSE on angle α between the magnetic field vector and the normal to the electron motion plane has been found in a wide range of the magnetic field. The effect of a significant reduction of the GSE (up to 1.9-fold) is observed with increasing the angle α up to 90°. The agreement with experimental data has been demonstrated. The dependences of the GSE of a 2D exciton in GaAs/Al
0.33
Ga
0.67
As have been determined for various tilt angles and magnetic fields.
Power grid reliability impacts could be significant when a large amount of variable wind generation is integrated with the electric power system. The widely used deterministic reliability assessment ...method is invalid when modeling the intermittency of wind energy sources. The energy-based probabilistic reliability assessment models are required in system reliability impact assessment in order to consider the stochastic characteristic of wind resources. This paper investigates different stochastic characteristics in wind energy integration, including resource availability, generation facility outage, and transmission availability. A probabilistic framework of reliability modeling for renewable resource integration such as wind energy conversion system is proposed in this paper. Using the proposed reliability models and framework, the cost of wind energy integration with the power grid for maintaining system adequacy and reliability can be evaluated realistically. The IEEE Reliability Test System is utilized to demonstrate the developed models and methods. The methodology can be used for modeling the reliability of industrial and commercial facilities being serviced by wind farms and transmission lines.
Abstract
The desirable properties of a cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) for medical applications are high efficiency of the treatment and low thermal effects. To meet these requirements, we propose ...to use the CAPJ generated with the positive pulsed (PP) voltage. In our experiments and fluid model simulations, it is shown that a change of the pulse duration allows us to control precisely the intensity of interaction of the plasma jet with the target and the heating of the contact zone. The helium CAPJ is formed with 13–30 kHz PP voltage frequencies with the pulse duration of 7–20
µ
s. The enhancement of plasma-target interaction is analyzed with the measured discharge current and calculated ionization rate near the target surface. The temperature measurements in the plasma-target active zone show that the heating by CAPJ excited with the PP voltage is generally less than in the case of AC voltage. The efficacy of treatment is tested on A549 cancer cells exposed to CAPJ ignited with the positively pulsed voltage with different pulse duration and with AC voltage.
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in chemotherapy-induced cell death. The conventional theory holding that apoptosis needs to be immunologically silent has recently been revised, and the concept of ...immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been proposed. This review describes the main features of ICD induction. These ICD markers are important for the effectiveness of anticancer therapy, as well as for basic research into cell death regulation. The mechanism of the "vaccination effect" of dying cancer cells undergoing ICD has been fully described, including the activation of specific antitumor response after re-challenge by the same living tumor cells. This review also discusses the whole set of molecular events attributing cell death to immunogenic type: the exposure of calreticulin and the heat shock protein HSP70 to the outer surface of the cell membrane and the release of the nuclear protein HMGB1 and ATP into the extracellular space. ICD inducers of various nature (chemotherapy drugs, cytotoxic proteins, and oncolytic viruses), as well as physical methods, are classified in the current review.
Molybdenum disulfide films were formed by chemical vapor deposition in the Mo(CO)
6
–H
2
S systems in the temperature interval 250–850°С at the reactor pressure of 67 Pa. The composition and ...structure of the deposited products were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The layers consist of vertically oriented MoS
2
nanopetals covering a horizontal MoS
2
layer formed on the substrate. An increase in the deposition temperature leads to changes in the geometric characteristics of the film elements and to a significant change in the structure and composition of the products obtained. The deposited material consists of two crystalline modifications of MoS
2
(2H and 3R); the fraction of the 3R phase increases with the deposition temperature. The layers deposited in the temperature interval 400–500°С had approximately stoichiometric composition.
The article outlines the approaches and basic principles of forming a new social policy, which Ukraine should pursue in post-war reconstruction. It was determined that the primary goal of such policy ...should be a change in the paradigm of interaction between the government and society, which would ensure a transition to more pragmatic and effective relations between these parties, social compensation to alleviate social contradictions, as well as “depreciation” of conflicts. The authors emphasized that social protection should become less aimed at providing benefits and assistance to people experiencing poverty and more emphasis on supporting the self-help of Ukrainians. The focus is not only on delivering consumer goods but also on stimulating initiative and self-sufficiency skills. The article outlines the goals and tasks of the new social policy, which consist of restoring public trust in the state, comprehensive transformation of approaches to wages, taxes and social insurance, promotion of adequate employment, ensuring real efficiency of social expenditures, unification of efforts of society, business, and government. The new social policy’s principles should be determined: humanism and social justice, systematicity and comprehensiveness, preventive measures, targeting, adaptability, and multi-subjectivity. The authors suggested mechanisms for implementing the new social policy, among which a special place is taken by a social dialogue based on a four-way (employees, employers, state, local self-government bodies) and four-level (national, branch, territorial and local) model. Corporate social responsibility is defined as a means of deepening social dialogue and the need for its implementation in the form of a national policy model and its normative consolidation, as well as strengthening the joint efforts of business, the state, and civil society organizations to implement such a model, is emphasized.
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