The Remote Sensing Centre in the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography has undertaken the investigation of applying ENVISAT.ASAR, ALOS.PALSAR, and TerraSAR-X data for modelling of soil moisture under ...various crops. Radar data are independent of weather conditions and that is why they are very useful in monitoring the dynamic of various soil–vegetation parameters. The aim of the study was to examine the usefulness of radar data for describing the soil–vegetation parameters of agri-environment ecosystem in the Wielkopolska region of Poland. The research on agriculture area has been carried out at ground level by taking measurements of soil moisture, Leaf Area Index, height of the vegetation, and wet and dry biomass. The TerraSAR-X and ALOS.PALSAR images have been applied for classification of agriculture area. The images taken in X band were used for discriminating the structure of vegetation, while the images taken in L-band turned out to be very effective at mapping structure of forests and distinguishing them from non-forest areas. Therefore synergy of images acquired in bands X and L gave good results in classification of forested areas and crops. The influence of soil moisture on backscattering coefficient calculated from ENVISAT.ASAR under various polarisations and incidence angles for different crops distinguished from classification of ENVISAT.ASAR IS6 and IS4 has been examined to find correlations between satellite derived data and soil–vegetation parameters. The best correlation between backscatter and LAI has been obtained by applying ASAR IS6 HH or ASAR IS4 HH images, while the best correlation between backscatter and soil moisture has been obtained applying ASAR IS6 VV or ASAR IS4 VV images. The influence of the crop descriptor such as LAI on backscatter coefficient calculated from ENVISAT.ASAR IS2 HH under various soil moisture conditions as well as the influence of the crop descriptor such as soil moisture on backscatter coefficient calculated from ENVISAT.ASAR IS2 HV under various LAI conditions was examined for wheat using the “water-cloud model”. The relationships between modelled values of soil moisture and LAI and measured values have been derived and discussed.
Biophysical Parameters Assessed from Microwave and Optical Data The study has been carried out at Biebrza Wetlands situated in the N-E part of Poland, a NATURA 2000 and Ramsar Convention test site in ...2003-2009. It is one of the largest in Europe natural rich biotope with the large amount of unique species of flora and important zone for nesting and wintering for fauna. Data from microwave and optical satellite images and soil-vegetation ground measurements were analyzed to develop methods for monitoring and mapping biophysical parameters. Satellite data applied for the study included: ENVISAT.ASAR, ENVISAT.MERIS, ALOS.PALSAR, ALOS.AVNIR-2, and NOAA.AVHRR data. Optical images were used for classification of wetlands communities and calculation of vegetation index NDVI. Also, latent heat flux has been calculated using NOAA.AVHRR data and meteorological data. Microwave images acquired in different modes (ASAR IS2 and IS6, ALPSR.FBD) and polarizations (HH, HV, VV) were used for assessment and mapping of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and soil moisture (SM) for every habitat classified from optical images. Backscattering coefficient calculated from ALOS.PALSAR HV and ENVISAT.ASAR IS6 VV was applied for assessment of vegetation bio-parameters. Backscattering coefficient calculated from ALOS.PALSAR.FBD HH and ENVISAT.ASAR HH IS2 was used for SM assessment. The study was conducted in the framework of ESA PECS project No 98101 and ESA PI projects: C1P.7389 and AOALO.3742.
This study was conducted during 2003-2009 in Biebrza Wetlands, a NATURA 2000 and Ramsar Convention test site situated in Northeast Poland. It is one of the largest in Europe natural rich biotope with ...the large amount of unique spices of flora and important zone for nesting and wintering for fauna. Protection of wetlands that are very sensitive ecosystems are of great importance in nature conservation for carbon and water cycles. Changes of soil water content affect plant cover and lead to elimination or preference of certain species. Controlling soil moisture is essential for protection of peat-forming plant communities and slow down drying processes against mineralization and carbon exhaust. Data from optical and microwave satellite images and soil-vegetation ground measurements were analyzed to develop methods for monitoring and mapping soil-vegetation parameters over wetlands. This study was conducted in the framework of national grant N N526021733 and ESA projects AOID.122 and AOALO.3742.
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The investigation carried out at wetlands in Biebrza Basin, the biggest area of the marshes and swamps in Central Europe, aimed at finding the best biophysical properties of wetlands vegetation to ...characterise marshland habitats. The various soil-vegetation indices on the basis of all considered spectral bands of satellites as Landsat +ETM, SPOT, ERS-2, NOAA, ENVISAT have been calculated. The GEMI and EVI index calculated from SPOT VEGETATION was the best for distinguishing vegetation classes. Significant correlation between LAI measured at the ground and the indices was with GEMI and EVI index. Soil moisture values calculated from ERS-2 and ENVISAT microwave data well characterise marshland humidity classes. For the retrieval of the biophysical parameters as LAI (Leaf Area Index), vegetation moisture (VM) and soil moisture (SM), ERS-2.SAR and ENVISAT ASAR data acquired at VV, HV, VH and HH polarisations at two different viewing angles (IS2, IS4) have been applied. Evapotranspiration was assessed using NOAA AVHRR and meteorological data. ERS-2 and ENVISAT images have been obtained from ESA for AO-ID122 project
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a chronic glomerular disease. It is result of new discovery that the production of anti-PLA2R autoantibodies, reacting with phospholipase A2 receptor on the ...surface of podocytes. Specific antibodies occur in IMN patients blood in exacerbated of disease, and disappear during remission. It suggest that analyse of these parameter can prove quick diagnosis to recognize and monitoring treatment process. The aim of our work was to determine anti-PLA2R in patients with suspected IMN and persons during/after treatment in order to monitor the effectiveness of therapy.
The study group consisted of 22 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A--patients with symptomatic nephrotic syndrome in the course of membranous nephropathy; Group B--patients diagnosed with IMN who monitored the effectiveness of therapy. We collected the serum samples for all patients and determined of anti-PLA2R autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence test.
Antibodies were detected in 12 patients (54.54%): diagnosed (n = 5) and monitor (n = 7). All of patients with exacerbated disease process in monitored group had positive test results.
Our data suggest that anti-PLA2R is a sensitive diagnostic method and good for monitoring of disease activity, but nevertheless a need for further research on a larger group of patients to confirm that the test is a reliable source of diagnostic information.
Purpose: The purpose of the research was to anticipate the choices declared by current students in order-to evaluate the significance of these choices in formulating regional development policies and ...programs. Design/Methodology/Approach: The cultural heritage value was analyzed from the respondents' awareness of their individual needs. The question then arises as if and to what extent students of non-humanistic faculties are aware of the personal benefits gained from utilizing cultural heritage components and how they define the needs satisfied by these manifestations. The survey aimed to examine to what extent the issues of cultural heritage goods utilization were considered in terms of the interests of the modern generation of technical university students. Findings: It was determined to what extent the perception of cultural heritage goods among graduates-to-be of non-human studies is driven by economic thinking. Practical Implications: To be used by government officials to promote cultural heritage. Originality/Value: Since current students' social and economic choices will affect the future economy, their views should be taken into-account when designing and implementing regional development policies and programs that involve cultural heritage sustainability.
Levorotatory 1-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylphosphonic acid (TyrP) of unknown configuration is a part of hypotensive tri-peptides produced by Actinomycetes
1
and is the only 1-aminoalkane ...phosphonate found so far in living organisms. Nitration of enantiomers of PheP followed by reduction of the p-nitro group and diazotization yielded enantiomers of TyrP of specific rotations +67 and −67° (c.0.9;1n HCl). Single crystal X-ray analysis showed S configuration for dextrorotatory TyrP. Thus, natural levorotatory TyrP has the R configuration and belongs to the L series of aminoacids.
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