The article gives an overview of the current draft of the Convention on the judicial sale of ships, which since the beginning of drafting has struggled to reach a compromise between, on the one hand, ...protection of the purchaser’s interest for undisturbed ownership of the ship and, on the other hand, protection of the creditors’ interests through a fair judicial sale process respecting basic legal principles.The matters under scrutiny are notification and the status of public and legal remedies available to the aggrieved parties. The article deals with proposals which, had they been accepted, might have achieved a more suitable balance of interests.
Cilj rada je predložiti određene dorade u domaćem pravnom režimu za nautički
turizam radi podizanja njegove konkurentnosti. Pomorskopravni odnosi su
specifični zbog međunarodnog karaktera plovidbe i ...konkurencije pravnih režima
više država u uređenju pravnih odnosa koji proističu iz plovidbe. Zato, sugerira
autor, za ocjenu da li je neka država pomorska nije odlučna dužina ili razvedenost
njene obale, već da li njena vlada razumije specifične odnose vezane za pomorstvo i
da li ih uređuje na način koji omogućuje razvoj pomorske privrede. Europska unija
je prepoznala specifičnost pomorstva i dopustila svojim članicama da urede porezni
sustav za brodarstvo drugačije od općeg poreznog sustava. Sada bi, drži autor,
poseban sustav za uređenje nautičkog turizma trebalo kreirati i za jahte, u kojem
niz odnosa – vezanih za tu djelatnost – treba urediti drugačije od općih odredbi.
Sve to u cilju podizanja konkurentnosti hrvatskog nautičkog turizma, koji se bori
na tržištu Sredozemlja s drugim, posebice za velike jahte, vrlo atraktivnim destinacijama.
U radu se obrađuju administrativne procedure; kabotaža u uvjetima
članstva u Europskoj uniji; porez na dodanu vrijednost na najamninu jahti; boravak
posade jahti u Hrvatskoj; porezi na dohodak i doprinosi članova posade jahte;
porez po tonaži i privremeni uvoz jahti. Posebice se razmatra članstvo Hrvatske
u Europskoj uniji koje donosi prilike, ali i nameće ograničenja za standardne mjere
protekcionizma i intervencionizma koje su povijesno koristile zemlje u razvoju da
dostignu one razvijene. Ovaj je rad dio prijedloga većeg zahvata u zakonodavstvo
za izmjenu određenog broja zakonskih rješenja primjenjivih na nautički turizam,
koja nisu logična ili optimalna za tu gospodarsku granu.
The purpose of this paper is to point out the main goal of unification with regard to the international recognition of legal effects that arise upon the judicial sales of ships. The paper seeks to ...briefly outline the most significant provisions of the CMI draft of the International Convention on Foreign Judicial Sales of Ships and their Recognition, summarise the CMI’s efforts in trying to find an appropriate forum to serve as a vehicle to transform this draft into an international convention, and provide a summary of the drafting work carried out so far by UNCITRAL.
The purpose of this paper is to propose amendments to the legal regime for nautical tourism. Maritime matters are unique because of the international character of navigation, where legal regimes of a ...number of states compete for application. The author suggests that the criterion for considering a nation as a maritime one is not the length of its shore line, but rather whether its government understands the unique nature of the maritime industry and regulates it by special laws that promote development of the maritime sector. The EU has recognised the uniqueness of shipping and allowed its member states to establish tax regime for shipping outside the general tax law framework. The author suggests introduction of separate legal regime of yachting which would depart from the general law in matters that are not well regulated either functionally or optimally therein. The aim of it would be strengthening the competiveness of Croatian nautical tourism which competes against some established destinations in the Mediterranean market, particularly for the large yachts. Croatian membership in the EU has advantages, but some significant constraints, as well. Namely, Croatia as a developing country is not in a position to use the historical tools like other developing countries trying to catch up with the developed ones, i.e. protectionism and interventionism. Even cabotage, which historically was a monopoly of the coastal states is now open to all subjects of EU member states. However, there are still some administrative and tax matters to which an EU member state could adjust within the EU law framework in order to depart from the general law and be more functional and practical for the nautical tourism industry. The paper deals with administrative procedures related to yachts sailing and staying in Croatian waters; VAT on charter hire; tax on crew income, tonnage tax and temporary import of yachts. These proposed changes are part of a large project aimed at amending maritime law applicable to yachting and nautical tourism.
The purpose of this paper is to propose amendments to the legal regime for nautical tourism. Maritime matters are unique because of the international character of navigation, where legal regimes of a ...number of states compete for application. The author suggests that the criterion for considering a nation as a maritime one is not the length of its shore line, but rather whether its government understands the unique nature of the maritime industry and regulates it by special laws that promote development of the maritime sector.
The EU has recognised the uniqueness of shipping and allowed its member states to establish tax regime for shipping outside the general tax law framework. The author suggests introduction of separate legal regime of yachting which would depart from the general law in matters that are not well regulated either functionally or optimally therein.
The aim of it would be strengthening the competitiveness of Croatian nautical tourism which competes against some established destinations in the Mediterranean market, particularly for the large yachts. Croatian membership in the EU has advantages, but some significant constraints, as well. Namely, Croatia as a developing country is not in a position to use the historical tools like other developing countries trying to catch up with the developed ones, i.e. protectionism and interventionism. Even cabotage, which historically was a monopoly of the coastal states is now open to all subjects of EU member states.
However, there are still some administrative and tax matters to which an EU member state could adjust within the EU law framework in order to depart from the general law and be more functional and practical for the nautical tourism industry. The paper deals with administrative procedures related to yachts sailing and staying in Croatian waters; VAT on charter hire; tax on crew income, tonnage tax and temporary import of yachts. These proposed changes are part of a large project aimed at amending maritime law applicable
to yachting and nautical tourism.
U članku se daje prikaz razvoja pravnih rješenja hrvatskog prava u pitanjima vezanim za smrt, tjelesne ozljede i narušenje zdravlja člana posade kao što su odgovorne osobe, sudska nadležnost, temelj ...odgovornosti, izravna tužba protiv osiguratelja, te rješavanje sporova mirenjem i arbitražom. Objašnjavaju se razlozi donošenja i formuliranja pojedinih propisa te predlažu rješenja de lege ferenda Članak daje uporedni prikaz hrvatskih propisa i sudske prakse s onima engleske i američke te se zalaže za harmonizaciju hrvatskog pomorskog prava s pravima pomorskopravno razvijenih zemalja.
The article gives an overview of the development of Croatian maritime law in the areas related to liability for death and personal injury of crew, such as: (i) entities liable on the ship’s side (Who ...is liable?); (ii) jurisdiction (Where to sue?); (iii) basis of liability (On what ground may a crew member claim?); (iv) direct action (May a crew member sue the liability insurer?); and (v) mediation and arbitration (How to efficiently resolve disputes?). The Croatian Maritime Code (CMC) provides that operator (disponent owner), ship’s manager, company under ISM Code and employer are jointly and severally liable for the crew claims. The article suggests that the ship owner should be added to the list. CMC provides that Croatian courts shall have jurisdiction for crew member claims if the claimant has domicile in Croatia. The article argues that general principles contained in Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters should be applied combined with a forum non conveniens provision for cases where non EU countries are involved. CMC provides that the ship operator (and others) are liable for crew claims if they are at fault, or if the death or injury is caused by a hazardous thing or activity, or by a lack of safety measures at work, when they are strictly liable under provisions of the general law on liability for hazardous things or activities. The article suggests that the ship operator (and others) are liable for the fault of their employees as well, and that strict liability is imposed independently of the general law with defence of contributory negligence of the claimant.
U izradi nacrta Konvencije, velika je pažnja bila posvećena obavještavanju putem izravne dostave na adresu osoba koje imaju pravni interes vezan za prodaju broda i javno putem medija. Pri prodaji ...broda, obavještavanje je od iznimne važnosti jer pravni interes može imati niz neupisanih (neregistriranih) vjerovnika. Državi u kojoj se prodaje brod omogućilo bi se oglašavanje putem Interneta na stranicama GISIS-a podržavanih od IMO-a, što bi pridonijelo da obavijesti vezane uz sudsku prodaju broda budu dostupne u realnom vremenu na svakom mjestu diljem svijeta. Postavilo se pitanje, kakve bi trebale biti pravne posljedice propusta u oglašavanju putem GISIS-a? U ovom se radu predlaže da takav propust, koji je lako provjerljiv pogledom na ekran računala, bude razlog za nepriznavanje međunarodnog pravnog učinka potvrdi o sudskoj prodaji broda. U radu se razmatra i nadležnost za odlučivanje o posljedicama poništenja sudske prodaje odlukom sudova države prodaje. Prijedlog je da o tome odlučuju sudovi država članica Konvencije na čijem području poništenje prodaje treba proizvesti pravne učinke (npr. ispisati brod upisan u upisnik države članice temeljem poništene potvrde o sudskoj prodaji broda), radije nego sudovi države koji su prodaju poništili. U ovom drugom slučaju, Konvencija bi preuzela na sebe priznanje stranih sudskih presuda, a ne samo priznanje potvrde o sudskoj prodaji broda. Rad se osvrće na brisanje iz nacrta odredbe po kojoj se Konvencija ne bi primjenjivala na slučajeve kad brod zaustave javna tijela radi namirenja javnih potraživanja, kao i na pitanje kada država prodaje može izdati potvrdu o sudskoj prodaji.
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