The concept of moral injury, referring to the psychological impact of having one's moral expectations and beliefs violated, is gaining a firm place in research on military trauma. Yet, although moral ...injury has the recognized potential to extend the understanding of trauma beyond the individualizing and pathologizing focus of the clinical realm, most studies nevertheless focus on clinical assessment, diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to contribute to a better understanding of contextual dimensions of moral injury. To this end, it complements current theory on moral injury with a systematic review of literature relevant to contextual factors in moral injury. It draws together insights from psychology, philosophy, theology and social sciences into spiritual/existential, organizational, political and societal dimensions of moral injury. Thus an interdisciplinary theoretical foundation is created for context-sensitive research and interventions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
There is mounting evidence that plant tissues specialized for auxin transport coincide with local maxima in the auxin concentration. This result is difficult to reconcile with the traditional model ...of auxin transport, which relies on high levels of auxin efflux carrier expression. Because transporting cells maintain high levels of auxin efflux, one naively expects a depletion of auxin relative to surrounding tissues. Here I use a computer model of auxin transport in a background of parenchyma cells to evaluate the possible roles of the PIN and AUX/LAX families of putative auxin carriers in auxin accumulation. I describe two effective accumulation strategies and review the evidence that these strategies are used by plants.
Auxin transport: a field in flux Kramer, Eric M.; Bennett, Malcolm J.
Trends in plant science,
08/2006, Letnik:
11, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Polar auxin transport is crucial for plant growth and development. Auxin moves between plant cells through a combination of membrane diffusion and carrier-mediated transport. Several classes of ...membrane proteins that facilitate auxin uptake and efflux have recently been identified in
Arabidopsis. The relative contribution to auxin transport made by the different facilitators and by membrane diffusion is unclear. In this Opinion article, we assess the significance of auxin diffusion versus carrier-mediated transport and then discuss the physiological importance of the transport facilitators within the context of the multiple trans-cellular auxin fluxes recently described in the
Arabidopsis root apex.
Glueballs in a thermal squeezeout model Asadi, Pouya; Kramer, Eric David; Kuflik, Eric ...
The journal of high energy physics,
07/2022, Letnik:
2022, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
It has been shown that a first order confinement phase transition can drastically change the relic dark matter abundance in confining dark sectors with only heavy dark quarks. We study the ...phenomenology of one such model with a
Z
′ portal to Standard Model. We find that dark glueballs are long-lived in this setup and dilute the dark matter abundance after their decay to Standard Model. With this effect, the correct relic abundance is obtained with dark matter masses up to
O
(10
6
) TeV. We find that while a part of the parameter space is already ruled out by direct detection and collider searches, there is still a broad space of viable scenarios that can be probed by future experiments.
Re-orientation of Arabidopsis seedlings induces a rapid, asymmetric release of the growth regulator auxin from gravity-sensing columella cells at the root apex. The resulting lateral auxin gradient ...is hypothesized to drive differential cell expansion in elongation-zone tissues. We mapped those root tissues that function to transport or respond to auxin during a gravitropic response. Targeted expression of the auxin influx facilitator AUX1 demonstrated that root gravitropism requires auxin to be transported via the lateral root cap to all elongating epidermal cells. A three-dimensional model of the root elongation zone predicted that AUX1 causes the majority of auxin to accumulate in the epidermis. Selectively disrupting the auxin responsiveness of expanding epidermal cells by expressing a mutant form of the AUX/IAA17 protein, axr3-1, abolished root gravitropism. We conclude that gravitropic curvature in Arabidopsis roots is primarily driven by the differential expansion of epidermal cells in response to an influx-carrier-dependent auxin gradient.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The ability of the plant hormone auxin to enter a cell is critical to auxin transport and signaling. Auxin can cross the cell membrane by diffusion or via auxin‐specific influx carriers. There is ...little knowledge of the magnitudes of these fluxes in plants. Radiolabeled auxin uptake was measured in protoplasts isolated from roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. This was done for the wild‐type, under treatments with additional unlabeled auxin to saturate the influx carriers, and for the influx carrier mutant auxin resistant 1 (aux1). We also used flow cytometry to quantify the relative abundance of cells expressing AUX1‐YFP in the assayed population. At pH 5.7, the majority of auxin influx into protoplasts – 75% – was mediated by the influx carrier AUX1. An additional 20% was mediated by other saturable carriers. The diffusive influx of auxin was essentially negligible at pH 5.7. The influx of auxin mediated by AUX1, expressed as a membrane permeability, was 1.5 ± 0.3 μm s⁻¹. This value is comparable in magnitude to estimates of efflux permeability. Thus, auxin‐transporting tissues can sustain relatively high auxin efflux and yet not become depleted of auxin.
The plant hormone auxin controls root epidermal cell development in a concentration-dependent manner. Root hairs are produced on a subset of epidermal cells as they increase in distance from the root ...tip. Auxin is required for their initiation and continued growth, but little is known about its distribution in this region of the root. Contrary to the expectation that hair cells might require active auxin influx to ensure auxin supply, we did not detect the auxin-influx transporter AUX1 in root-hair cells. A high level of AUX1 expression was detected in adjacent non-hair cell files. Non-hair cells were necessary to achieve wild-type root-hair length, although an auxin response was not required in these cells. Three-dimensional modelling of auxin flow in the root tip suggests that AUX1-dependent transport through non-hair cells maintains an auxin supply to developing hair cells as they increase in distance from the root tip, and sustains root-hair outgrowth. Experimental data support the hypothesis that instead of moving uniformly though the epidermal cell layer, auxin is mainly transported through canals that extend longitudinally into the tissue.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Reducing access to lethal means of self-harm is a cornerstone of suicide prevention, and temporary, voluntary gun storage outside the home is one recommended approach. With the goal of facilitating ...access to gun storage outside the home in Maryland, we developed an online map of gun shops and law enforcement agencies willing to offer temporary, voluntary gun storage on a case-by-case basis. This project was modelled off of prior work by the Colorado Firearm Safety Coalition. As of July 2020, 32 gun shops and 3 law enforcement agencies agreed to be listed on our map. Others were hesitant to participate due to perceived legal and logistical barriers to temporary firearm storage. We demonstrate the feasibility of creating an online map that lists organisations offering temporary gun storage in Maryland. This brief report details our process, barriers encountered, and future considerations to improve access to offsite gun storage options.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the recent proliferation of computer models of auxin transport, it is important that plant biologists understand something about these techniques and how to evaluate them. The paper begins with ...a brief introduction to the parts of a computer model, followed by a discussion of the limitations of the most common auxin modelling technique. Lastly, several recent models of organ initiation in the shoot apical meristem (i.e. phyllotaxis) are reviewed. The cell and molecular biology of phyllotaxis is now understood well enough that computer models can go beyond a simple 'proof of principle' and start to provide insights into gene function.
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