Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cows, leading to substantial economic losses associated with decreased milk production and quality. Early detection of changes in metabolic and ...milk parameters is crucial for maintaining animal welfare and milk quality. This study aimed to detect patterns in metabolic and milk composition parameters in Serbian dairy cows affected by mastitis. It also examined the relationship between these factors in cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis, as well as in healthy cows. This study included 60 Holstein-Friesian cows with the same body score condition that were in the same lactation phase. They were divided into three groups of 20: clinical and subclinical mastitis and a control group of healthy cows. The categorization was based on clinical udder health and the California mastitis test. Blood serum metabolic profiles were measured using a Rayto spectrophotometer (Shenzhen, China), and milk composition was determined using MilcoScanTM (Foss, Hilleroed, Denmark) and FossomaticTM (Foss, Hilleroed, Denmark) instruments. Significant increases in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total protein, globulin, urea, total bilirubin, magnesium, and enzyme activity were noted in mastitis-affected cows compared to healthy ones. Additionally, mastitis-affected cows had higher total protein and globulin levels and increased somatic cell counts (SCCs), while albumin concentrations were decreased. Furthermore, a negative correlation between total protein and lactose suggested inflammation leading to reduced lactose levels due to cell damage, infection, and lactose use by mastitis pathogens. Hence, indicators of the energy and protein status of the metabolic profile, together with the chemical composition of milk, may be significant diagnostic tools for detecting, monitoring, and predicting the outcome of mastitis in cows.
The reproductive efficiency of the cows was monitored after two resynchronization protocols: Ovsynch (OVS) and Double Ovsynch (DOS). The research initially included 70 HF cows who entered the first ...synchronization protocol – Presynch. Cows that did not conceive after the first synchronization were divided into two groups and introduced to two resynchronization protocols. In the first group of cows (n=35), the DOS protocol began with the application of GnRH on day 22 after the Presynch TAI (Timed Artificial Insemination), and seven days later pregnancy check-up was done and PGF
was applied only to non-pregnant cows (n=23), which remained in the study. In the second group of cows, the OVS protocol started on day 32 after Presynch TAI only in non-pregnant animals (n=20). Progesterone (P4) concentration was determined at the time of application of GnRH1, PGF
and GnRH2 in both groups of cows, and then 30 days after Resynch TAI, ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was done. A higher percentage of pregnant cows were recorded in the OVS group compared to the DOS group (45% and 35%, respectively). The concentration of P4 in the serum of cows in the DOS group during the first measurement (GnRH1) was significantly higher than the value in cows that did not conceive (p<0.05), while in the third measurement (GnRH2) the average concentration of P4 in conceiving cows was significantly lower (p<0.001) compared to cows that did not coincive. The open days period was significantly longer in pregnant cows that were resynchronized using the DOS protocol compared to cows from the OVS protocol. In conclusion, the OVS protocol of estrus resynchronization in dairy cows proved to be more successful than the DOS protocol. However, considering the advantages the OVS, it is needed to determine which day of the sexual cycle is the best to start resynchronization.
Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from wireless technologies has increased dramatically. The boar semen used for artificial insemination is essential in sustaining the ...pig industry, and additionally it is also exposed to the effects of the RF-EMR of wireless technologies. Furthermore, there are no data on the effects of RF-EMR on semen quality, and this is the first analysis of sperm's morphometric parameters for assessing the effect of RF-EMR on the spermatozoa subpopulations of boars. This study investigated the effect of RF-EMR on in vitro exposed breeding boar semen spermatozoa motility and the proportions of spermatozoa subpopulations according to their morphometric head and tail parameters. The semen samples of 12 boars were divided into control and experimental groups. The samples in the experimental group were exposed in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic chamber at a frequency of 2500 MHz (the frequency band used in 5G technology) and an electric field strength of 10 Vm
for two hours. After exposure, the spermatozoa motility was evaluated for both groups. A morphometric analysis of the semen smears was performed using SFORM software (Version 1.0; VAMS, Zagreb, Croatia). The progressive spermatozoa motility was significantly reduced in the experimental group (74.7% vs. 85.7%). PC analysis and cluster analysis revealed two spermatozoa subpopulations: S1, spermatozoa with a more regular head shape and a smaller midpiece outline, and S2, spermatozoa with a more elongated head shape and a larger midpiece outline. The experimental semen samples had a greater proportion of the S1 spermatozoa subpopulation (68.2% vs. 64.4%). The effect of RF-EMR at 2500 MHz on the in vitro exposed boar semen resulted in decreased progressive spermatozoa motility and a lower proportion of the spermatozoa subpopulation with a higher fertilizing potential.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Management of large segmental defects is one of the most challenging issues in bone repair biology. Autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS) containing rhBMP6 within autologous blood coagulum (ABC) ...with synthetic ceramics is a novel biocompatible therapeutic solution for bone regeneration.
A 2-year old dog was brought to the veterinary clinics due to pain and bleeding from the right front leg after being unintendedly hit by a gunshot. Radiological examination revealed a large, 3 cm long multisegmental defect of the humerus on the right front leg with a loss of anatomical structure in the distal portion of the bone. The defect was treated surgically and an external fixator was inserted to ensure immobilization. Complete lack of bone formation 3 months following surgery required a full reconstruction of the defect site with a novel ABGS (rhBMP6 in ABC with ceramic particles) to avoid front leg amputation. The healing was then followed for the next 16 months. The callus formation was observed on x-ray images 2 months following ABGS implantation. The bone segments progressively fused together leading to the defect rebridgment allowing removal of the external fixator by 4 months after the reconstruction surgery. At the end of the observation period, the function of the leg was almost fully restored while analyses of the humeral CT sections revealed restoration and cortices rebridgment with a renewal of uniform medullary canal including structural reconstruction of the distal humerus.
This large humeral gunshot segmental defect of the front leg in a dog was saved from amputation via inducing bone regeneration using a novel ABGS osteoinductive device containing BMP6 in ABC.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been intensively used in cardio surgery. The main goal of this research was to determine if Achilles tendon healing could be promoted by applying extracellular matrix ...scaffold (CorMatrix®, USA). Sixteen (n = 16) New Zealand white mature rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were randomly allocated into two groups. Following complete surgical transection, rabbits in group A (ECM applied) (n = 8) had their Achilles tendons reconstructed using both, nylon suture and extracellular matrix scaffold, whereas in group B (without ECM) the tendons were reconstructed using nylon suture only. After four weeks, the rabbits were euthanized and tendon samples harvested and stained with hematoxylin eosin, Mallory, and Gomory and subsequently histologically analyzed according to modified Bonnar scale. Group B had significantly stronger inflammatory response, including abundant cell infiltration and neovascularization. In group A collagen fibers were predominantly found, whereas in group B reticular fibers were more abundant. Extracellular matrix scaffold has been found to have the real potential for promoting tendon healing through accelerating collagen formation, which is crucial for restoring biomechanical properties of a tendon, decreasing peritendineous adhesion formation, and reducing inflammatory edema and subsequently pain.
Medijalno iščašenje ivera česta je pojava i uzrok šepanja u malih pasmina pasa te ima veliko značenje u veterinarskoj praksi. Međutim, kirurško liječenje lakših slučajeva, osobito I stupnja često se ...izbjegava i ne smatra bitnim. Konzervativno liječenje ne daje zadovoljavajuće rezultate. Iščašenje može nastati zbog traume, ali može biti prisutno već pri rođenju što je često povezano s težim deformacijama kostiju. Nasljednog je karaktera. Težina kliničkih znakova ovisi o stupnju iščašenja ivera, a u nekim slučajevima kada nema kliničkih znakova do dijagnoze se dolazi tijekom rutinskog kliničkog pregleda. Osim ortopedskog pregleda, dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju rendgenskog snimanja koje može biti negativno u I ili čak II stupnju iščašenja. Vrsta operativnog zahvata ovisi o stupnju iščašenja, a može se temeljiti na rekonstrukciji mekih tkiva ili kostiju. Najčešće korištene tehnike su zatezanje lateralnog retinakuluma s otpuštanjem medijalnog retinakuluma, produbljivanje trohlearnog kanala, odnosno trohleoplastike i premještanja goljenične kvrge lateralno i čak blago distalno. Kod težih deformacija kostiju primjenjuje se korektivna osteotomija bedrene kosti. Danas postoje i moderne metode liječenja ovog ortopedskog problema kao što je korištenje implantanata ili endoproteza koje povećavaju ili u potpunosti zamjenjuju trohlearni žlijeb. Ove tehnike imaju znatno višu cijenu. Veliku ulogu u liječenju treba dati i postoperativnoj analgeziji te imobilizaciji noge. Rjeđe se događaju veće komplikacije, ali se može javiti ponovno iščašenje ivera, popuštanje implantanata što se smatra najčešćim te lom goljeničke kvrge kao najteža komplikacija. U većini slučajeva prognoza je odlična, noga se vraća normalnoj funkciji, a hromost se ne pojavljuje. Ovaj rad ukratko opisuje kliničku sliku, dijagnostičke metode i kirurško liječenje medijalnog iščašenja ivera u pasa uz osvrt na suvremene kirurške metode.
Medial patellar luxation is a common occurrence and the cause of lameness in small dog breeds, and therefore of great significance in veterinary practice. However, surgical treatment of light cases, such as grade I is often avoided and not considered essential. In most cases, conservative treatment is insufficient. Luxations can occure due to trauma or can be present at birth, which is often associated with more severe bone deformations. It is hereditary disease. The severity of clinical signs depends on the degree of patellar luxation, though there may be no clinical signs until diagnosis is made during routine clinical examination. Apart from an orthopaedic examination, the diagnosis is set after radiography which can be negative in grade I or even grade II. The type of surgery depends on the degree of luxation and may be based on soft tissue or bone reconstruction. The most commonly used techniques are overlap of the lateral retinaculum, medial retinaculum release, trochleoplasty and transposition of tibial tuberosity laterally or distally. In severe bone deformations, osteotomy of the femur is applied. There are now modern methods to treat this orthopaedic problem, such as the use of endoprosthetic implants that enhance or substitute the patellar grove completely. An important role in treatment should be given to postoperative analgesia and leg immobilization. There are fewer complications, though there may be a recurrence of patellar luxation and loosening of implants, as the most common complication, or tibial crest fractures as the most severe complication. In most cases, the prognosis is excellent, the leg returns to normal function and lameness does not appear. This paper describes the clinical signs, diagnostic procedures and surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation in dogs with several of the mentioned modern techniques.
Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) remains the most common canine orthopaedic problem seen in clinical practice. The present paper describes a population of 117 dogs with CCL rupture ...diagnosed by clinical examination followed by mini-arthrotomy. The dogs were treated from January 2010 to February 2015 at the Clinic for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia, by the same surgeon. The age, breed, gender and reproductive profile were analysed in relation to CCL rupture occurrence during the study and were discussed in relationship to previous published reports. Of the 117 dogs, 29.0% were mixed breed dogs and 13.7% Labrador Retrievers as the most common. Males and females were equally affected. Bilateral rupture occurred in 5.85% cases, mostly in mixed breed females. Medial meniscal tear was observed in 22.2% of cases with mini-arthrotomy and probing. The average age of the small breed dogs was 8.3 years, and of the large breed dogs 4.2 years. Dogs aged 5 years and older had 2.5 times the likelihood of suffering from CCL rupture compared with dogs aged under 5 years (P<0.01). Key words: cranial cruciate ligament, rupture, breed, age, gender, meniscal tear, dog
The primary objective of this study was to determine whether polyglyconate or polydioxanone resorptive surgical materials are superior in terms of tensile strength retention in implantation in the ...cadaveric submucosa of the stomach wall. A secondary objective was to compare the tensile strength retention, in the same conditions, of polydioxanone suture materials produced by different manufacturers. Five samples of resorptive suture materials (polyglyconate (MaxonR, Covidien), polydioxanone (PDSR, Ethicon, PDXR Kruuse, SurgicrylR SMI), Catgut chromic, Kruuse) all diameter USP 2-0, were incubated in vitro in the cadaveric submucosa of the stomach wall for fifty days. Measurements of tensile strength were made on day 0 and the 10th day. Polyglyconate (MaxonR) showed the greatest initial tensile strength. After 10 days of incubation in the submucosa of the stomach, the tensile strength decreases more rapidly for polyglyconate (MaxonR) in comparison to polydioxanone sutures, but they were still higher compared with the others on the 10th day. Polydioxanone SurgicrylR had the highest tensile strength retention - 91.4% after 10 days of incubation in the submucosa of the stomach. Polydioxanone PDXR maintained only 58.5% of its initial tensile strength. Polydioxanone SurgicrylR had the highest initial Young's modulus. Key words: resorptive suture material; polyglyconate; polydioxanone; tensile strength retention; stomach wall
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