The microscopic description of heavy-ion reactions at low beam energies is achieved within hadronic transport approaches. In this article a new approach called "Simulating Many Accelerated Strongly ...interacting Hadrons" (SMASH) is introduced and applied to study the production of nonstrange particles in heavy-ion reactions at Ekin=0.4A-2A GeV. First, the model is described including details about the collision criterion, the initial conditions and the resonance formation and decays. To validate the approach, equilibrium properties such as detailed balance are presented and the results are compared to experimental data for elementary cross sections. Finally results for pion and proton production in C+C and Au+Au collisions is confronted with data from the high-acceptance dielectron spectrometer (HADES) and FOPI. Predictions for particle production in π+A collisions are made.
Chez les mammifères femelles, l’horloge circadienne principale synchronise la survenue du pic préovulatoire de LH avec le comportement sexuel, permettant à l’ovulation d’avoir lieu au moment ...opportun. Cette synchronisation étant un paramètre important pour une fécondation réussie, nous étudions les conséquences de la perturbation du rythme circadien sur la fertilité des souris femelles et sur le développement de leur descendance.
Des souris femelles adultes ont été exposées, soit à un cycle lumière/obscurité régulier, soit à un décalage horaire chronique pendant 4 semaines mimant le rythme jour/nuit d’une personne travaillant en horaires décalés. Après qu’elles aient toutes été replacées dans un cycle régulier, les souris femelles ont été mises en présence d’une souris mâle pendant 5jours puis la gestation, la naissance et le développement des petits ont été comparés entre les deux groupes.
Les souris femelles exposées au décalage horaire chronique présentent une baisse de la fertilité observée par une diminution significative du taux de gestation mais sans incidence sur le nombre de souriceaux par portées, le poids des petits à la naissance et le taux de mortalité à 5jours post-natal. En revanche, les souriceaux mâles, nés de mères exposées au décalage horaire chronique, présentent une masse corporelle plus importante au cours de la croissance et les souriceaux femelles montrent un retard pubertaire.
La perturbation chronique du rythme circadien durant la période pré-conceptionnelle altère la fertilité des souris femelles et impacte le développement métabolique et reproducteur de la descendance.
The Insertable-B-Layer (IBL) has recently been commissioned at the ATLAS Experiment, adding 12 million channels to the existing Pixel Detector. The front-end chips (FE-I4) are connected to newly ...designed readout hardware situated in a VME crate. In order to take data under uniform conditions, one needs to periodically tune the detector in short breaks between data-taking sessions to accommodate for radiation damage and aging effects. Tuning involves a variety of components, ranging from high-level steering and analysis software (PixLib) running on commodity hardware, to embedded components situated inside the VME crate that feature only a minimal or no operating system at all. Understanding the interactions between these components is key in debugging and optimizing the tuning procedures to become more efficient. We therefore implement an instrumentation framework aimed at all major components. It features a uniform interface to the user and is able to take instrumentation data with µs- precision. A central server application is used to gather the instrumentation data of a tuning session. It processes the data and saves it into an SQLite database for later analysis.
Syphilis incidence is increasing among reproductive-aged women, and previous sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a risk factor for subsequent STIs. This study aimed to determine syphilis ...incidence after a chlamydia, gonorrhea, or HIV diagnosis, and identify characteristics associated with higher syphilis incidence rates among reproductive-aged women in 1 mid-Atlantic city.
A retrospective cohort of 85,113 chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV diagnoses occurring between 2009 and 2021 and among women aged 13 to 50 years was constructed using public health surveillance data. Cumulative incidence curves were estimated to examine time to early syphilis (i.e., primary, secondary, or early latent) diagnosis, and multivariable analyses determined incidence rate ratios by age (<25 vs. ≥25 years) and number of prior STI diagnoses (0 vs. ≥1) during the study period, stratified by STI.
There were 85,113 reportable STI diagnoses and 646 syphilis diagnoses in the cohort. Approximately 1 of 150 chlamydia, 1 of 100 gonorrhea, and 1 of 50 HIV diagnoses were followed by a syphilis diagnosis within 5 years. Cumulative incidence of syphilis differed significantly by STI diagnosis ( P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, syphilis incidence rates were higher among women diagnosed with ≥1 (vs. 0) prior STI regardless of STI type ( P < 0.05) and among women ≥25 (vs. <25) years old diagnosed with gonorrhea ( P < 0.05).
There were significant differences in syphilis incidence by prior STI type, number of STIs, and age. Our data support targeted screening for syphilis among women with a history of STIs, parwomen with ≥1 prior STI diagnosis, and older women diagnosed with gonorrhea.
Since the authorization of French nulliparous women to donate oocytes, who are the new donors? What are the similar and differential points with the initial donors who have already procreated?
...Retrospective multicenter cohort study using a questionnaire.
The return rate is 90.7% with 248 donor files from 5 French assisted reproductive technology (ART) centers, included between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. The average age is 31,0 years. More than two thirds of women have a higher educational level than the license. Donation is spontaneous or relational in 69% and 25% of cases, respectively. Among nulliparous donors, 37% don't know the possibility of self-preservation but after information, 80% wish to benefit from it versus 32% of multiparous women if they were given the opportunity.
This study by the Study Group for Egg Donation (GEDO) highlights the particularities of French oocytes donors. The 2015 decree allowed to diversify the origin of the donation, which remains mainly altruistic but the possibility of self-preservation for nulliparous donors also seems to motivate women. This link between donation and self-preservation poses an ethical problem that needs to be approached and resolved in the next Bioethics Law framing Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART).
Abstract
Background
While ethics and professionalism are important components of graduate medical education, there is limited data about how ethics and professionalism curricula are taught or ...assessed in ophthalmology residency programs.
Objective
This study aimed to determine how U.S. ophthalmology residency programs teach and assess ethics and professionalism and explore trainee preparedness in these areas.
Methods
Directors from accredited U.S. ophthalmology residency programs completed an online survey about components of programs' ethics and professionalism teaching curricula, strategies for assessing competence, and trainee preparedness in these areas.
Results
Directors from 55 of 116 programs (46%) responded. The most common ethics and professionalism topics taught were informed consent (38/49, 78%) and risk management and litigation (38/49, 78%), respectively; most programs assessed trainee competence via 360-degree global evaluation (36/48, 75%). While most (46/48, 95%) respondents reported that their trainees were well or very well prepared at the time of graduation, 15 of 48 (31%) had prohibited a trainee from graduating or required remediation prior to graduation due to unethical or unprofessional conduct. Nearly every program (37/48, 98%) thought that it was very important to dedicate curricular time to teaching ethics and professionalism. Overall, 16 of 48 respondents (33%) felt that the time spent teaching these topics was too little.
Conclusion
Ophthalmology residency program directors recognized the importance of an ethics and professionalism curriculum. However, there was marked variation in teaching and assessment methods. Additional work is necessary to identify optimal strategies for teaching and assessing competence in these areas. In addition, a substantial number of trainees were prohibited from graduating or required remediation due to ethics and professionalism issues, suggesting an impact of unethical and unprofessional behavior on resident attrition.
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