Stražnji sindrom sraza gležnja (SSSG) klinički je entitet koji se očituje pojavom boli u stražnjem dijelu gležnja u trenutku maksimalno izvodive plantarne fleksije stopala. SSSG može biti posljedica ...akutne ozljede gležnja, što je češće u općoj populaciji, ili posljedica sindroma prenaprezanja, što se češće javlja u sportaša i balerina. Uzroci nastanka SSSG-a mogu biti ili koštani ili mekotkivni, ali najčešće je riječ o kombinaciji jednih i drugih. Dijagnoza SSSG-a zasniva se na anamnezi i kliničkom pregledu, u kojemu je test hiperplantarne fleksije ključan. Kako bi se potvrdila postavljena sumnja na SSSG, klinički pregled uvijek valja nadopuniti slikovnim pretragama, i to najčešće magnetskom rezonancijom (MR) ili kompjutoriziranom tomografijom (CT). Nakon što je postavljena dijagnoza SSSG-a liječenje valja započeti neoperacijskim metodama. Ako nakon 3 do 6 mjeseci neoperacijsko liječenje ne da željene rezultate, savjetuje se kirurško liječenje otvorenim pristupom ili, češće, artroskopskim/endoskopskim metodama. Danas je metoda izbora za kirurško liječenje endoskopski zahvat koji su opisali van Dijk i sur. 2000. godine.
Posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by posterior ankle pain which occurs in maximal forced plantar flexion of the foot. PAIS can be the result of an acute ...injury of the ankle, which is more often in general population, or it can be the result of the overuse syndrome, which is more often in athletes and ballet dancers. The etiology of PAIS may involve bony structures or soft tissue structures, or, more often, the combination of both. The diagnosis of PAIS is based on patient's clinical history and physical examination with the hyperplantarflexion test as a very important part of it. Physical examination should be completed with imaging techniques, which most often include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) to confirm the diagnosis of PAIS. Conservative treatment is recommended as the primary treatment strategy. In those cases where 3 to 6 months of conservative treatment fails, open or, more often, arthroscopic/endoscopic surgery may be recommended. Nowadays, a 2-portal endoscopic approach introduced by van Dijk et al. in 2000 is the method of choice for the treatment of posterior ankle impingement syndrome.
Tendinopatija Ahilove tetive sindrom je prenaprezanja sustava za kretanje koji se očituje
bolnošću i oteklinom u Ahilovoj tetivi i/ili oko nje te dovodi do smanjenja ili nemogućnosti
obavljanja ...željenih radnih i/ili sportskih aktivnosti. U posljednjih je tridesetak godina učestalost
pojavljivanja tendinopatije Ahilove tetive u porastu zbog sve češćeg sudjelovanja ljudi u
sportskim aktivnostima, no valja naglasiti da se u trećini slučajeva javlja u ljudi koji se ne bave
nikakvom fizičkom aktivnošću. Istraživanja su pokazala da u podlozi ovog stanja leži degenerativni,
a ne upalni proces. Predisponirajući čimbenici nastanka tendinopatije Ahilove tetive
mogu biti ili direktno vezani uz osobu (tzv. unutarnji) i tada je najčešće riječ o nepovoljnim
anatomskim značajkama donjeg ekstremiteta, ili indirektno vezani uz osobu (tzv. vanjski)
među kojima su najčešće pogreške u treningu i nošenje neprimjerene obuće. Za postavljanje
dijagnoze od najveće su važnosti temeljita anamneza i klinički pregled. Od slikovnih se metoda
savjetuje načiniti ultrazvuk, dok se magnetska rezonancija savjetuje samo u slučaju neuspjelog
inicijalnog liječenja. Cilj ovog rada jest uputiti na suvremene smjernice neoperacijskog i kirurškog
liječenja neinsercijske tendinopatije Ahilove tetive. Neoperacijsko liječenje uvijek valja
započeti ekscentričnim vježbama, a ako se nakon dvanaestotjednog programa ne postigne zadovoljavajući
rezultat, tada se savjetuje primijeniti neku drugu metodu neoperacijskog liječenja.
Kirurško je liječenje potrebno u 25 do 45,5 % bolesnika koji nakon provedenog neoperacijskog
liječenja nisu zadovoljni ishodom. Danas raste popularnost minimalno invazivnih
kirurških postupaka koji omogućuju bržu rehabilitaciju, manji morbiditet i brži povratak svakodnevnim
aktivnostima u odnosu na standardni kirurški postupak.
The aim of this study was to determine the share of Croatian adults who walk 210 min or more a week and to explore the relationship between regular walking and demographic factors, health-related ...behaviours, and chronic non-communicable diseases/conditions. To this end, we used the EHIS-PAQ questionnaire and collected self-reported data on minutes spent walking during a typical week from a total of 3,496 respondents. The data were additionally analysed by gender, age, education, residence (urban/rural), counties and regions, smoking, other types of physical activity, and diseases/chronic conditions. The results show that, overall, 40.9 % of the adult Croatian population walks 210 or more minutes a week, with the largest share found among those from the Lika-Senj County (76.8 %), those who spend 300 min or more weekly on health-enhancing (non-work-related) aerobic physical activity (57.6 %), those who reported having diabetes (49.3 %), and those aged 65–74 years (44.7 %). Despite its limitations, our study gives a valuable insight into the frequency and factors determining healthy walking habits in a representative sample of Croatian adults and provides grounds for further research.
Objectives
To determine the relationship between socioeconomic development (SD) of local administrative units (LAU) and the height and body mass index (BMI) of second- and third-grade children in ...Croatia.
Methods
We analyzed average height-for-age and BMI-for-age
z
-scores of 99 LAUs, based on the measurement of 5662 children participating in the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative Croatia. SD was defined according to the governmental Development index. Pearson’s correlations between average height and BMI
z
-scores and SD were calculated. We used ANOVA to test differences in average height and BMI
z
-scores among LAUs from different SD quartiles and multiple linear regression to investigate the association between average height-for-age
z
-scores and SD.
Results
Height-for-age was significantly correlated with SD. We found a difference in average height-for-age between the least and more developed LAUs. A multiple linear regression model showed significant association between Development index and the average height-for-age
z
-score (
F
= 13.085,
p
< 0.001,
R
2
= 0.119).
Conclusions
This finding is important for creators of policies worldwide as socioeconomic inequalities in children’s height may exist in other countries that, like Croatia, have recently gone through the transition process.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and analyze the determinants of overweight and obesity among Croatian schoolchildren aged 7-9 years in relation to sociodemographic factors. This ...study used data that were gathered as part of the WHO Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in 2015/2016. The sample for the study was nationally representative. Anthropometric measurements of 5591 children, 2811 boys and 2780 girls, were collected during 8 weeks using standardized equipment. Studied variables included child's anthropometric measurements and demographics, maternal education and employment status. The results showed a 35.9% prevalence of overweight and obesity in Croatian 7-9-year-old children. Overweight and obesity were more frequent in boys in comparison to girls, especially among boys from the Adriatic region (42.1%). The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in boys living in the Adriatic region (ORadj=1.33; 95% CI 1.03-1.71) and in girls with high-school educated mothers (ORadj=1.36; 95% CI 1.11-1.66). Girls with unemployed mothers had a lower risk of overweight and obesity (ORadj=0.73; 95% CI 0.58-0.92). The observed prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity warrants national and local time-bound targets for reduction of childhood obesity, accompanied by detailed action plans and monitoring mechanisms.
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in global food production, which raises the need for adopting holistic planning in the allocation of fish farm locations dedicated to aquaculture ...in the context of an ecosystem approach. The future development and expansion of aquaculture will strongly depend on the availability of space to develop the industry in a sustainable manner, or in finding ways to reduce the environmental impact at existing locations. This study assesses the possibility of reducing the impact of aquaculture farming by optimizing on the spatial stocking design of three generations of caged fish. Three spatial stocking scenarios were analyzed using simulated numerical experiments. The analysis was performed using emission estimates and by modelling the dispersion and deposition of organic matter on the seabed with concomitant effects on oxygen concentration. Emissions were estimated according to fish growth predictions, energy requirements, body chemical composition, daily meal requirements (industrial feed), and proximate chemical composition of the feed in a sea bream fish farm. The simulation results show that an optimized spatial stocking design of fish cages can significantly reduce the environmental footprint while simultaneously allowing for an increase in annual fish production and optimal utilization of the farming site. Additionally, our findings suggest that carrying capacity of the farming site based only on the annual maximum biomass of harvested fish does not give optimal production estimates and may contribute to underestimating the productive capacity of cage fish farms.
•Impacts of spatial stocking design of a cage fish farm on the benthic environment.•Numerical modeling simulations performed.•Emission estimates and dispersion and deposition of organic matter on the seabed.•Optimized spatial stocking design can reduce environmental impacts.•Increased production with contributes to sustainable use of fish farms.
Given the importance of physical activity for the prevention of overweight, this study sought to determine the type and number of physical activity risk behaviours that were associated with ...overweight in Croatian school children and their association with maternal characteristics – mothers’ formal education, employment, and weight status. This paper used data from the Croatian Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative study
from 2015/2016. During an eight-week period anthropometric measurements of children were taken. Data on children’s physical activity risk behaviours and their
mothers’ characteristics were provided by the mothers of 4,045 children from the
second and third grade (median age 8.6) who were included in the analysis. Insufficient
active play outdoors, excessive screen time and exhibiting two or three physical activity risk behaviours were significantly associated with childhood overweight. Children of less educated mothers had lower odds for insufficient active play outdoor and higher odds for insufficient frequenting of a sports or dancing club and exhibiting one, two or three physical activity risk behaviours. Children of mothers who were overweight had higher odds for insufficient sleeping, insufficient frequenting of a sports or dancing club and exhibiting two risk behaviours. Children of unemployed mothers had higher odds for insufficient frequenting of a sports or dancing club and for exhibiting two or three risk
behaviours. Physical activity risk behaviours in school children were associated with overweight, as well as maternal characteristics. This finding should be taken into consideration when planning and implementing health promotion and childhood overweight prevention activities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Background
Physical activity is key for preventing obesity and development of noncommunicable diseases later in life. Previous research suggests that socioeconomic factors, such as parental ...education or income, may influence a child’s risk of obesity. However, previous research on this has provided heterogeneity in results. Our aim was to investigate the socioeconomic disparities between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep patterns in school-aged children aged 6 to 9 years in 24 European countries, using a large nationally-representative sample of children from 24 countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, France, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Montenegro, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation – only Moscow, San Marino Republic, Spain, Tajikistan, Türkiye and Turkmenistan).
Methods
COSI collected information on physical activity patterns of children, sedentary behaviour and sleep duration through a questionnaire filled by parents. Among these, the paper focused on the following behaviours: Transportation to and from schools, Time spent on practising sports, Time spent on actively/vigorously playing, Time spent watching TV or using electronic devices and Hours of sleep per night. For the paper purpose, countries were grouped in 4 macro-regions according to United Nations “Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use”.
Results
Findings indicated that a high prevalence of motorized school transport among children of employed parents in Southern Europe. The highest prevalence of insufficient sports and active play was among families from West-Central Asia who meet the end of the month with troubles, the highest prevalence of excessive screen time is among families from Eastern Europe, where both parents have a low level of education and the highest prevalence of insufficient sleep is among families from West-Central Asia where both parents have a high level of education.
Conclusions
There are important differences in the socioeconomic determinants of PA, sleep and screen related behaviours both between countries and sub-regions across the WHO European Region. This analysis of results from the COSI survey provides important insights that can help guide policy makers to take action to address the childhood obesity epidemic.
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