•The nuclear maturation rate was significantly higher in maturation media supplemented with follicular fluid and gonadotropins.•The relative expression pattern of MATER gene was found to be ...significantly down regulated in maturation media supplemented with follicular fluid and gonadotropins.•The expression profile of key oocyte marker genes are changes with culture conditions.
The present study aimed to investigate whether follicular fluid, gonadotropins (FSH, LH and estradiol-17β), and combination of both types of supplementation (follicular fluid+gonadotropins) in maturation medium influence the transcript abundance of germ cell marker genes (MATER, ZAR1, GDF9 and BMP15) in goat oocytes. Grade I and II oocytes were collected from the goat ovaries and matured further under in-vitro conditions using four different maturation regimens viz, group B containing basal media (TCM 199+BSA+serum), group C (basal media+10% follicular fluid), group D (basal media+FSH+LH+estradiol-17β) and group E (basal media+10% follicular fluid+FSH+LH+estradiol-17β). Group A consisted of immature oocytes. Expression profile of MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, and BMP15 was analyzed in matured oocytes of different groups as well as immature oocytes using real-time PCR. The relative abundance of MATER gene in immature oocytes (group A) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to experimental groups. The relative expression of ZAR1 was found to be significant different (P<0.05) between group D and E. The relative expression of GDF9 and BMP15 was significantly higher (P<0.05) in group E as compared to other experimental groups. These results indicated that the expression of MATER and ZAR1 transcript were down regulated after maturation; however BMP15 and GDF9 transcripts were upregulated after maturation. For better in vitro embryo production (IVEP) out comes goat oocytes may be matured in vitro in TCM-199 supplemented with follicular fluid and gonadotropins.
Over the past decade, there has been a constant spotlight on introducing sustainability in the supply chain (SC). The materialistic human greed for production and consumption has led to a radically ...increased level of greenhouse gases. SC has become its principal contributor. We are addressing this socio-economic environmental challenge by developing a multi-stakeholder framework and focusing on a knowledge-based net zero supply chain, as there are no concrete existing studies that have investigated current state-of-the-art operations in this relevant field. Therefore, this research has been conducted to investigate the drivers, barriers and practices through which net zero economy (NZE) can be attained in a knowledge-based SC. In this regard, the paper conducts an exploratory systematic review of selected articles from peer-reviewed journals. The findings indicate that primary stakeholders (i.e. organisations and suppliers) require to take an active role in bringing about sustainable changes in practice. However, external perspectives (i.e. government, society, consumers and community) have also been identified as sources that create challenges as well as have the potential to aid sustainable industrial practices. Additionally, progress can be enhanced through proper policies, regulations and a knowledge-based conceptual framework to pave the way for a sustainable environment. Proper practices for NZE also provide scope for economic growth through cost-effective production. This paper will be beneficial for practitioners as well as policy makers on a global scale who aim to attain NZE for sustainability.
