The integrated low-level trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) system of the NA62 experiment at CERN is described. The requirements of a large and fast data reduction in a high-rate environment for a ...medium-scale, distributed ensemble of many different sub-detectors led to the concept of a fully digital integrated system with good scaling capabilities. The NA62 TDAQ system is rather unique in allowing full flexibility on this scale, allowing in principle any information available from the detector to be used for triggering. The design concept, implementation and performances from the first years of running are illustrated.
Background. The problem of the functioning of archetypal plots and related images and motifs in the artistic structure of the novel The White Guard by Mikhail Bulgakov remains practically unexplored ...in literary criticism. This also applies to the episode of the meeting between Alexei Turbin and Julia Reiss, in which the logic of the initiation plot is revealed, implemented in the text through a system of folklore-fairytale and mythological references that require detailed analysis and interpretation.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the figurative and semantic paradigm of the initiation plot in the history of the acquaintance of Alexey Turbin and Julia Reiss.
Materials and methods. The material of the study is the episodes presented in Chapters 10–13 of the novel. At the same time, the analyzed fragments are considered taking into account the artistic and semantic contexts of the work as a whole. In the process of research, mythopoetic, structural-comparative, systemic-functional methods of text analysis were used.
Results. The results of the study showed that in the analyzed fragments of the novel detected parallels with the system of fairy tale motifs associated with the archetype of initiation. In the narrative logic of the episode, the main stages of this plot are highlighted: departure // isolation of the hero; trials and temptations; symbolic death; resurrection and transformation. A similar parallelism is revealed in the structure of the chronotope: Turbin, like fairy-tale end mythological heroes, undergoes initiation in a symbolic other world, where he moves from the real-empirical space. Pivotal to the logic of the development of events is the fabulous motive of flight with a number of transformations of the hero and his “miraculous” escape from persecution with the help of Julia Reiss. Turbin repeatedly experiences “meetings with death” as the culminating stages of initiation, in the finale of the plot collision there is a revival and the return of the hero to the real world.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the courses of studying Russian literature at the university and school.
The NA62 trigger system Krivda, M.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2013, Letnik:
718
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The main aim of the NA62 experiment (NA62 Technical Design Report, 〈http://na62.web.cern.ch/NA62/Documents/TD_Full_doc_v1.pdf〉 1) is to study ultra-rare Kaon decays. In order to select rare events ...over the overwhelming background, central systems with high-performance, high bandwidth, flexibility and configurability are necessary, that minimize dead time while maximizing data collection reliability. The NA62 experiment consists of 12 sub-detector systems and several trigger and control systems, for a total channel count of less than 100,000. The GigaTracKer (GTK) has the largest number of channels (54,000), and the Liquid Krypton (LKr) calorimeter shares with it the largest raw data rate (19GB/s).
The NA62 trigger system works with 3 trigger levels. The first trigger level is based on a hardware central trigger unit, so-called L0 Trigger Processor (L0TP), and Local Trigger Units (LTU), which are all located in the experimental cavern. Other two trigger levels are based on software, and done with a computer farm located on surface. The L0TP receives information from triggering sub-detectors asynchronously via Ethernet; it processes the information, and then transmits a final trigger decision synchronously to each sub-detector through the Trigger and Timing Control (TTC) system. The interface between L0TP and the TTC system, which is used for trigger and clock distribution, is provided by the Local Trigger Unit board (LTU). The LTU can work in two modes: global and stand-alone. In the global mode, the LTU provides an interface between L0TP and TTC system. In the stand-alone mode, the LTU can fully emulate L0TP and so provides an independent way for each sub-detector for testing or calibration purposes. In addition to the emulation functionality, a further functionality is implemented that allows to synchronize the clock of the LTU with the L0TP and the TTC system. For testing and debugging purposes, a Snap Shot Memory (SSM) interface is implemented, that can work both in an input or an output mode. The trigger rates will be permanently monitored by reading counters at regular intervals.
This paper describes the overall NA62 trigger system focusing on the setup for the dry and technical runs in 2012.
The ALICE Central Trigger Processor (CTP) at the CERN LHC has been upgraded for LHC Run 2, to improve the Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) data-taking efficiency and to improve the physics ...performance of ALICE. There is a new additional CTP interaction record sent using a new second Detector Data Link (DDL), a 2 GB DDR3 memory and an extension of functionality for classes. The CTP switch has been incorporated directly onto the new LM0 board. A design proposal for an ALICE CTP upgrade for LHC Run 3 is also presented. Part of the development is a low latency high bandwidth interface whose purpose is to minimize an overall trigger latency.
The ALICE silicon pixel detector readout electronics Krivda, M.; Bán, J.; Burns, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2010, Letnik:
617, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ALICE silicon pixel detector (SPD) constitutes the two innermost layers of the ALICE inner tracking system (ALICE Collaboration, 1999)
1. The SPD is built with 120 detector modules (half-staves) ...and contains about 10 million pixels in total. The half-staves are connected to the off-detector electronics, housed in a control room 100
m away, via bidirectional optical links. The stream of data from the front-end electronics is processed in 20 VME readout modules, called routers, based on FPGAs. Three 2-channel link-receiver daughter cards, also based on FPGAs, are plugged in each router. Each link-receiver card receives data via the optical link from two half-staves, applies the zero suppression and passes them to the router to be processed and sent to the ALICE–DAQ system through the detector data link (DDL). The SPD control, configuration and data monitoring are performed using the VME interface embedded in the router.
The integration of the ALICE trigger system with sub-detectors Krivda, M.; Barnby, L.; Bombara, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2010, Letnik:
617, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The ALICE Trigger electronics (TRG) has been installed in the experimental cavern and tested with each of the detectors, both individually (‘standalone’ mode) and in ‘global’ runs, i.e. those ...involving other detectors. Global runs were performed with cosmic ray triggers, and also during the LHC startup period in September 2008. In this paper the status of the trigger system will be reviewed, in particular describing recent extensions to the system.
The ALICE trigger system installed in the experimental cavern processes information from triggering detectors at 3 hardware levels, and is used in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions. Many automatic functions ...have been developed to facilitate work in the control room. The hardware is permanently monitored, and around 1200 counters, with considerable built-in redundancy, are read at regular intervals (at least once per minute). This provides relevant physics information and also verifies the consistency of the hardware operation. In order to compensate for seasonal drift, the CORDE module has been installed, which allows the LHC clock to be delayed in steps of 10 ps. This paper describes the current status of the ALICE trigger system after experience with p-p and Pb-Pb runs, the new firmware developments and the appropriate software for this electronics.
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