The recent discovery that a spin-polarized electrical current can apply a large torque to a ferromagnet, through direct transfer of spin angular momentum, offers the possibility of manipulating ...magnetic-device elements without applying cumbersome magnetic fields. However, a central question remains unresolved: what type of magnetic motions can be generated by this torque? Theory predicts that spin transfer may be able to drive a nanomagnet into types of oscillatory magnetic modes not attainable with magnetic fields alone, but existing measurement techniques have provided only indirect evidence for dynamical states. The nature of the possible motions has not been determined. Here we demonstrate a technique that allows direct electrical measurements of microwave-frequency dynamics in individual nanomagnets, propelled by a d.c. spin-polarized current. We show that spin transfer can produce several different types of magnetic excitation. Although there is no mechanical motion, a simple magnetic-multilayer structure acts like a nanoscale motor; it converts energy from a d.c. electrical current into high-frequency magnetic rotations that might be applied in new devices including microwave sources and resonators.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present time-resolved measurements of gigahertz-scale magnetic dynamics caused by torque from a spin-polarized current. By working in the time domain, we determined the motion of the magnetic ...moment throughout the process of spin-transfer-driven switching, and we measured turn-on times of steady-state precessional modes. Time-resolved studies of magnetic relaxation allow for the direct measurement of magnetic damping in a nanomagnet and prove that this damping can be controlled electrically using spin-polarized currents.
Spin caloritronic nano-oscillator Safranski, C; Barsukov, I; Lee, H K ...
Nature communications,
07/2017, Letnik:
8, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Energy loss due to ohmic heating is a major bottleneck limiting down-scaling and speed of nano-electronic devices, and harvesting ohmic heat for signal processing is a major challenge in modern ...electronics. Here, we demonstrate that thermal gradients arising from ohmic heating can be utilized for excitation of coherent auto-oscillations of magnetization and for generation of tunable microwave signals. The heat-driven dynamics is observed in Y
Fe
O
/Pt bilayer nanowires where ohmic heating of the Pt layer results in injection of pure spin current into the Y
Fe
O
layer. This leads to excitation of auto-oscillations of the Y
Fe
O
magnetization and generation of coherent microwave radiation. Our work paves the way towards spin caloritronic devices for microwave and magnonic applications.Harvesting ohmic heat for signal processing is one of major challenges in modern electronics and spin caloritronics, but not yet well accomplished. Here the authors demonstrate a spin torque oscillator device driven by pure spin current arising from thermal gradient across an Y
Fe
O
/Pt interface.
Transfer of angular momentum from a spin-polarized current to a ferromagnet provides an efficient means to control the magnetization dynamics of nanomagnets. A peculiar consequence of this spin ...torque, the ability to induce persistent oscillations in a nanomagnet by applying a d.c. current, has previously been reported only for spatially uniform nanomagnets. Here, we demonstrate that a quintessentially non-uniform magnetic structure, a magnetic vortex, isolated within a nanoscale spin-valve structure, can be excited into persistent microwave-frequency oscillations by a spin-polarized d.c. current. Comparison with micromagnetic simulations leads to identification of the oscillations with a precession of the vortex core. The oscillations, which can be obtained in essentially zero magnetic field, exhibit linewidths that can be narrower than 300 kHz at ~1.1 GHz, making these highly compact spin-torque vortex-oscillator devices potential candidates for microwave signal-processing applications, and a powerful new tool for fundamental studies of vortex dynamics in magnetic nanostructures. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
We experimentally study nanowire-shaped spin-Hall nano-oscillators based on nanometer-thick epitaxial films of Yttrium Iron Garnet grown on top of a layer of Pt. We show that, although these films ...are characterized by significantly larger magnetic damping in comparison with the films grown directly on Gadolinium Gallium Garnet, they allow one to achieve spin current-driven auto-oscillations at comparable current densities, which can be an indication of the better transparency of the interface to the spin current. These observations suggest a route for improvement of the flexibility of insulator-based spintronic devices and their compatibility with semiconductor technology.
This letter presents energy-efficient MgO based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) bits for high-speed spin transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM). We present experimental data ...illustrating the effect of device shape, area, and tunnel-barrier thickness of the MTJ on its switching voltage, thermal stability, and energy per write operation in the nanosecond switching regime. Finite-temperature micromagnetic simulations show that the write energy changes with operating temperature. The temperature sensitivity increases with increasing write pulsewidth and decreasing write voltage. We demonstrate STT-MRAM cells with switching energies of <;1 pJ for write times of 1-5 ns.
We present electrical measurements of high-frequency magnetic dynamics excited by spin-polarized currents in Co/Cu/Ni(80)Fe20 nanopillar devices, with a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the ...sample layers. As a function of current and magnetic field, the dynamical phase diagram contains several distinguishable precessional modes and also static magnetic states. Using detailed comparisons with numerical simulations, we provide rigorous tests of the theory of spin-transfer torques.
We demonstrate a technique that enables ferromagnetic resonance measurements of the normal modes for magnetic excitations in individual nanoscale ferromagnets, smaller in volume by more than a factor ...of 50 compared to individual ferromagnetic samples measured by other resonance techniques. Studies of the resonance frequencies, amplitudes, linewidths, and line shapes as a function of microwave power, dc current, and magnetic field provide detailed new information about the exchange, damping, and spin-transfer torques that govern the dynamics in magnetic nanostructures.
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