Objective. The study of dispositional predictors of students' conflict resilience.Background. Against the background of the consequences of self-isolation and the limitations of real communication, ...it is relevant to study resilience to conflicts as an important communicative and professional characteristic of social self-determination. The study of dispositional predictors of conflict resilience allows creating scientifically based programs for its formation among students.Study design. The influence of the severity of stress, aggression, empathy, assertiveness and other independent variables on conflict resilience, considered as a dependent variable, was studied. Statistical hypotheses were verified by means of factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM).Participants. The sample consisted of students of the natural sciences and humanities faculties of St. Petersburg State University in the number of 205 people, 49 of them men (24%) and 156 women (76%), aged 17 to 27 years, the median value is 19 years.Methods (tools). Questionnaire Determination of the level of conflict resilience (N.P. Fetiskin, V.V. Kozlov, G.M. Manuilov); Personality assertiveness test (V.P. Sheinov); PSM-25 psychological stress scale, in adaptation by Vodopyanova N.E.; diagnostic questionnaire for empathy A. Mehrabian, N. Epstein; diagnostic questionnaire for indicators and forms of aggression A. Bass, A. Darkey.Results. Because of confirmatory factor analysis, the variables stress, hostility, irritation were combined into the factor "paranoia" (suspicion, suspiciousness, resentment, stress and irritability). The variables verbal, physical, indirect types of aggression and negativism are combined into the factor "aggressiveness" (contradiction to the norms of society and the focus on causing harm to others). The variables empathy, assertiveness (-), guilt are combined into the "tolerance" factor (empathy, the desire to understand the reasons for the behavior of another, compliance and auto-aggression due to regular sacrifice of one's own interests). The joint influence of these factors on conflict resistance was revealed, the total variance is 55%. "Paranoia" and "aggression" reduce conflict resilience and promote conflict striving, "tolerance" enhances conflict resilience, but at high values, causes conflict avoidance.Conclusions. Psychological dispositions that affect conflict resilience can be combined into three factors: paranoia, aggression, tolerance, which have a multidirectional effect. Paranoia and aggression promote conflict-seeking behavior and reduce conflict resilience. Tolerance increases conflict resilience, but contributes to conflict avoidance. This conflict resilience dynamics can be described by an inverted V-shaped curve, which shows that conflict resilience arises because of a balance of the identified factors.
Цель. Изучение диспозиционных предикторов конфликтоустойчивости студентов.Контекст и актуальность. На фоне последствий самоизоляции и ограничений реального общения актуальным является исследование устойчивости к конфликтам как характеристики социального самоопределения. Изучение диспозиционных предикторов конфликтоустойчивости позволяет создать научно обоснованные программы по ее формированию у студентов.Дизайн исследования. Было изучено влияние выраженности стресса, агрессии, эмпатии, ассертивности на конфликтоустойчивость студентов. Проверка статистических гипотез осуществлялась посредством конфирматорного факторного анализа и метода моделирования структурными уравнениями (SEM).Участники. Выборку составили студенты естественных и гуманитарных факультетов СПбГУ в количестве 205 человек: 156 девушек (76%) и 49 юношей (24%) в возрасте от 17 до 27 лет, медиана - 19 лет.Методы (инструменты). Тест ассертивности личности (В.П. Шейнов); Шкала психологического стресса PSM-25 (Н.Е. Водопьянова); Опросник диагностики эмпатии (А. Мехрабиен, Н. Эпштейн); Методика диагностики показателей и форм агрессии (А. Басс, А. Дарки); Тест определения уровня конфликтоустойчивости (Н.П. Фетискин и др.).Результаты. В результате факторного анализа переменные «стресс», «враждебность», «раздражение» были объединены в фактор «паранойяльность» (подозрительность, мнительность, обидчивость, стресс и раздражительность). Переменные «вербальная агрессия», «физическая агрессия», «косвенная агрессия» и «негативизм» объединены в фактор «агрессия» (противоречие нормам общества и направленность на причинение вреда окружающим). Переменные «эмпатия», «ассертивность» (-), «вина» объединены в фактор «терпимость» (сопереживание, стремление понять причины поведения другого, уступчивость и аутоагрессия из-за регулярного жертвования собственными интересами). Выявлено совместное влияние данных факторов на конфликтоустойчивость, суммарная дисперсия - 55%. «Паранойяльность» и «агрессия» снижают конфликтоустойчивость и способствуют конфликтостремлению, «терпимость» усиливает конфликтоустойчивость, но при высоких значениях вызывает конфликтоизбегание.Основные выводы. Психологические диспозиции, влияющие на конфликтоустойчивость, могут быть объединены в три фактора: «паранойяльность», «агрессия», «терпимость», оказывающие разнонаправленное влияние. «Паранойяльность» и «агрессия» способствуют поведению конфликтостремления и снижают конфликтоустойчивость. «Терпимость» повышает конфликтоустойчивость, но способствует конфликтоизбеганию. Динамика конфликтоустойчивости может быть описана инвертированной V-образной кривой, которая показывает, что конфликтоустойчивость возникает в результате баланса выделенных факторов.
The philosophical category of values has not yet been subject to natural-scientific verification. The impossibility or limited application of criteria and methodology of natural sciences to the study ...of phenomena of spiritual existence significantly hinders the development of humanitarian knowledge. The study of the nature of values through the study of human behavior introduces ideational objects into the nomothetic field, which allows us to verify the philosophical concepts of values. The study was aimed at assessing the role of life satisfaction as a moderator of the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and the attitude to domestic goods purchase in an alternative choice situation.
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Here we report the high-pressure synthesis of a series of lanthanum–yttrium ternary hydrides obtained at pressures of 170–196GPa via the laser heating of P63/mmc La–Y alloys with ...ammonia borane. As a result, we discovered several novel compounds: cubic hexahydride (La,Y)H6 and decahydrides (La,Y)H10 with a maximum critical temperature TC ∼ 253 K and an extrapolated upper critical magnetic field BC2(0) of up to 135 T at 183GPa. The current–voltage measurements show that the critical current density JC in (La,Y)H10 is 12–27.7 kA/mm2 at 4.2 K, which is comparable with that of commercial superconducting wires such as NbTi and Nb3Sn. (La,Y)H6 and (La,Y)H10 are among the first examples of ternary high-TC superconducting hydrides. Our experiments show that part of metal atoms in the structures of recently discovered Im3¯m-YH6 and Fm3¯m-LaH10 can be replaced with lanthanum (∼70%) and yttrium (∼25%), respectively, with the formation of unique ternary superhydrides containing metal-encapsulated cages La@H24 and Y@H32, which are specific for Im3¯m-LaH6 and Fm3¯m-YH10. This work demonstrates that hydrides, unstable in pure form such as LaH6 and YH10, may nevertheless be stabilized at relatively low pressures in solid solutions with superhydrides having the desired structure.
Polyhydrides are a novel class of superconducting materials with extremely high critical parameters, which is very promising for sensor applications. On the other hand, a complete experimental study ...of the best so far known superconductor, lanthanum superhydride LaH10, encounters a serious complication because of the large upper critical magnetic field HC2(0), exceeding 120–160 T. It is found that partial replacement of La atoms by magnetic Nd atoms results in significant suppression of superconductivity in LaH10: each at% of Nd causes a decrease in TC by 10–11 K, helping to control the critical parameters of this compound. Strong pulsed magnetic fields up to 68 T are used to study the Hall effect, magnetoresistance, and the magnetic phase diagram of ternary metal polyhydrides for the first time. Surprisingly, (La,Nd)H10 demonstrates completely linear HC2(T) ∝ |T – TC|, which calls into question the applicability of the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg model for polyhydrides. The suppression of superconductivity in LaH10 by magnetic Nd atoms and the robustness of TC with respect to nonmagnetic impurities (e.g., Y, Al, C) under Anderson's theorem gives new experimental evidence of the isotropic (s‐wave) character of conventional electron–phonon pairing in lanthanum decahydride.
Anderson's theorem states that nonmagnetic impurities do not affect the isotropic order parameter in Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors, whereas scattering on paramagnetic centers is very efficient in destroying the s‐wave superconductivity. This work demonstrates that LaH10, the best so far known superconductor, obeys Anderson's theorem, which makes it possible to adjust its critical temperature for a specific application.
We report on a new design for a passively mode locked fibre laser employing all normal dispersion polarisation maintaining fibres operating at 1 μm. The laser produces linearly polarized, linearly ...chirped pulses that can be recompressed down to 344 fs. Compared to previous laser designs the cavity is mode-locked using a nonlinear amplifying fibre loop mirror that provides an additional degree of freedom allowing easy control over the pulse parameters. This is a robust laser design with excellent reliability and lifetime.
The chemical interaction of Sn with H2 by X-ray diffraction methods at pressures of 180–210 GPa is studied. A previously unknown tetrahydride SnH4 with a cubic structure (fcc) exhibiting ...superconducting properties below TC = 72 K is obtained; the formation of a high molecular C2/m-SnH14 superhydride and several lower hydrides, fcc SnH2, and C2-Sn12H18, is also detected. The temperature dependence of critical current density JC(T) in SnH4 yields the superconducting gap 2Δ(0) = 21.6 meV at 180 GPa. SnH4 has unusual behavior in strong magnetic fields: B,T-linear dependences of magnetoresistance and the upper critical magnetic field BC2(T) ∝ (TC – T). The latter contradicts the Wertheimer–Helfand–Hohenberg model developed for conventional superconductors. Along with this, the temperature dependence of electrical resistance of fcc SnH4 in non-superconducting state exhibits a deviation from what is expected for phonon-mediated scattering described by the Bloch-Grüneisen model and is beyond the framework of the Fermi liquid theory. Such anomalies occur for many superhydrides, making them much closer to cuprates than previously believed.
The effects of chemotherapy are known to depend on the time of administration. Circadian rhythms are disturbed in tumors and in tumor bearers. Agents involved in controlling the circadian rhythms ...(chronobiotics) potentially can modify the outcomes of chemotherapeutics administered at different times of the day. Pineal hormone melatonin (MT) is a prototypic chronobiotic.
The aim of the study was to investigate if MT can affect efficacy or toxicity of chemotherapy drugs administered at the extreme time points of the working day of hospital personnel.
Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) and adriamycin and docetaxel (AT) cytotoxic drug combinations were administered on day 0 at 11:00 a.m. or at 5:00 p.m. (UTC+03:00) to 6-month-old female HER2/neu transgenic FVB/N mice bearing mammary adenocarcinomas. Some mice were additionally provided with MT in drinking water (20 mg/L) at night 1 week before or 3 weeks after treatment or during both periods. Tumor node sizes, body weight, and blood cell counts were determined right before treatment and on days 2, 7, 14, and 21.
Significant decrease in the mean tumor node volume was found by days 14 and 21 upon all CAF and AT treatment schedules, except in animals treated with AT at 5:00 p.m. without supplementation with MT. In the latter case, mean tumor node volume on day 21 was the same as in the control. Supplementation of AT administered at 5:00 p.m. with MT improved the tumor response. CAF and AT regimens supplemented with MT also augmented the number of tumor nodes that did not increase by more than 20% by day 21 as compared to CAF or AT alone, respectively. This effect was significant in groups treated with AT at 5:00 p.m. and consistent upon other schedules. On day 7, leukopenia and anemia were registered in groups treated with CAF regimen; however, blood cell counts normalized by day 14. Both CAF and AT were associated with drop in the body weight registered on day 7. Supplementation with MT did not affect changes of the body weight and blood counts.
MT supplementation to cytotoxic drugs can improve antitumor response, especially if it is blunted because of an inappropriate time of administration.
Abstract
Polyhydrides are a novel class of superconducting materials with extremely high critical parameters, which is very promising for sensor applications. On the other hand, a complete ...experimental study of the best so far known superconductor, lanthanum superhydride LaH
10
, encounters a serious complication because of the large upper critical magnetic field
H
C2
(0), exceeding 120–160 T. It is found that partial replacement of La atoms by magnetic Nd atoms results in significant suppression of superconductivity in LaH
10
: each at% of Nd causes a decrease in
T
C
by 10–11 K, helping to control the critical parameters of this compound. Strong pulsed magnetic fields up to 68 T are used to study the Hall effect, magnetoresistance, and the magnetic phase diagram of ternary metal polyhydrides for the first time. Surprisingly, (La,Nd)H
10
demonstrates completely linear
H
C2
(
T
) ∝ |
T
–
T
C
|, which calls into question the applicability of the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg model for polyhydrides. The suppression of superconductivity in LaH
10
by magnetic Nd atoms and the robustness of
T
C
with respect to nonmagnetic impurities (e.g., Y, Al, C) under Anderson's theorem gives new experimental evidence of the isotropic (s‐wave) character of conventional electron–phonon pairing in lanthanum decahydride.
Alterations in circadian rhythms caused by tumor growth are thought to be clinically relevant as they affect the prognosis and treatment response. We aimed to evaluate the chronotherapeutic approach ...in rats with ovarian cancer receiving cisplatin intravenously (IV) or with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) and to assess daily variations in tumor and intestinal epithelium proliferation.
In the pilot study, we used 12 intact rats and 12 rats with transplantable ovarian cancer, which were euthanized at ZT0 (08:00, lights on), ZT6, ZT12 and ZT18. In the main study, we used 45 rats with transplantable ovarian cancer. Animals were randomized into five groups: control, HIPEC with cisplatin at ZT0 (08:00), HIPEC with cisplatin at ZT12 (20:00), IV cisplatin at ZT0 and IV cisplatin at ZT12. We assessed the proliferation rate of tumor and small intestinal epithelium, apoptosis in small intestinal epithelium, and levels of γ-H2AX (DNA damage/repair marker) in kidneys and liver. Survival was calculated in each group.
Ascitic ovarian cancer disrupted daily variations in intestinal epithelium proliferation and DNA damage/repair in rats. Ovarian carcinoma exhibited no daily variation in mitotic activity. In animals receiving IV cisplatin, massive cell damage in the renal medulla and cystic changes within renal tubules were observed, unlike in rats receiving HIPEC. Tumor mitotic activity was lower in morning-treated groups. The median survival of rats in the control group was 8.5 days (95% CI 6.0-22.0), in HIPEC at ZT0 40.5 days (95% CI 28.0-47.0,
<0.001) and in HIPEC at ZT12 32.0 days (95% CI 28.0-37.0,
<0.001).
In a rat model, ovarian tumor growth disrupted daily variations in intestinal epithelium proliferation and caused genotoxic stress in tumor-free tissues. HIPEC with cisplatin at ZT0 had a better efficacy/toxicity profile than HIPEC with cisplatin at ZT12 and IV administration at both time points.
Abstract
The chemical interaction of Sn with H
2
by X‐ray diffraction methods at pressures of 180–210 GPa is studied. A previously unknown tetrahydride SnH
4
with a cubic structure (
fcc
) exhibiting ...superconducting properties below
T
C
= 72 K is obtained; the formation of a high molecular
C
2/
m
‐SnH
14
superhydride and several lower hydrides,
fcc
SnH
2
, and
C
2‐Sn
12
H
18
, is also detected. The temperature dependence of critical current density
J
C
(T) in SnH
4
yields the superconducting gap 2Δ(0) = 21.6 meV at 180 GPa. SnH
4
has unusual behavior in strong magnetic fields:
B,T
‐linear dependences of magnetoresistance and the upper critical magnetic field
B
C2
(T) ∝ (
T
C
–
T
). The latter contradicts the Wertheimer–Helfand–Hohenberg model developed for conventional superconductors. Along with this, the temperature dependence of electrical resistance of
fcc
SnH
4
in non‐superconducting state exhibits a deviation from what is expected for phonon‐mediated scattering described by the Bloch‐Grüneisen model and is beyond the framework of the Fermi liquid theory. Such anomalies occur for many superhydrides, making them much closer to cuprates than previously believed.
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