Lavender oil is one of the most valuable aromatherapy oils, its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities can be explained by main components such as linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulol, geraniol, ...or eucalyptol. The aim of the study was to assess the anti-microbial effects of two different lavender oils on a mixed microbiota from facial skin. The commercial lavender oil and essential lavender oil from the Crimean Peninsula, whose chemical composition and activity are yet to be published, were used. Both oils were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The composition and properties of studied oils were significantly different. The commercial ETJA lavender oil contained 10% more linalool and linalyl acetate than the Crimean lavender oil. Both oils also had different effects on the mixed facial skin microbiota. The Gram-positive bacilli were more sensitive to ETJA lavender oil, and Gram-negative bacilli were more sensitive to Crimean lavender oil. However, neither of the tested oils inhibited the growth of Gram-positive cocci. The tested lavender oils decreased the cell number of the mixed microbiota from facial skin, but ETJA oil showed higher efficiency, probably because it contains higher concentrations of monoterpenoids and monoterpenes than Crimean lavender oil does.
The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of lemon, rosewood, geranium and rosemary oils, and compare their effect on the sensitivity of
ZALF 24 and
ZALF 339 isolated from ...infected cereals. The tested oils were added to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium at concentrations of 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%. The activity of the oils on inhibition of the linear growth of mycelium was evaluated by measuring the growth of fungal colonies (growth index), while the fungistatic activity was evaluated on the basis of the percentage growth inhibition of a fungal colony and calculated according to Abbott's formula. The sensitivity of the test strains was variable and depended on the type and concentration of the tested oils. Geranium and rosewood oils in all of the concentrations completely inhibited the growth of the used isolates. In contrast, lemon oil relative to
ZALF 339 showed the highest activity at a concentration of 1.0% and rosemary oil, 0.5%. The highest activity against
ZALF 24 was shown by the oils of rosemary and lemon at concentrations from 1.0% to 2.0%. The susceptibility of
isolates was differentiated and depended on the type and concentration of tested oils.
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the chemical composition of eight commercial essential oils (EsO) (garlic, grapefruit, lemon grass, tea tree, thyme, verbena, cajeput, ...and
) and their fungistatic activity in relation to four species of
:
, and
. The species identification of
isolates was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The determination of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the EsO was carried out using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The fungistatic activity of EsO was assessed by using the method of poisoned substrates. The data were compiled in the STATISTICA 13.0 program. The chemical composition of the tested oils varied; the dominant fraction, except for grapefruit and garlic oils, were monoterpenoids. The greatest similarity to the action of the synthetic pesticide Funaben T was found in four oils, i.e., thyme, lemongrass, verbena, and
. The studies showed that
and
were characterized by a higher resistance to low oil concentrations, and
and
by sensitivity. The fungicidal activity of two EsO-dominant monoterpenoids-thymol and citral-has been confirmed.
Removal of petroleum products from contaminated soil is a long-term process requiring attention and constant monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Fyre-Zyme enzyme ...preparation and/or calcium carbonate on microbiological changes and conversion of n-aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil contaminated of petroleum-derived substances. The material for testing was soil contaminated with petroleum substances. The total concentration of n-alkanes with a C8–C40 chain length was 420.1 mg·kg
−1
DM. The pot tests were carried out by introducing stimulators. As a decomposition promoter for n-alkanes in contaminated soil, a 6% water solution of Fyre-Zyme and/or 1% sterile CaCO
3
was used. The pots were incubated at 25 °C for 21 days. The dynamics of changes in the microbiota and concentration of n-alkanes were controlled for 21 days, every 7 days taking soil for testing. Microbiological tests included determining the total number of bacteria and fungi. Chemical analysis was performed by chromatographic method. Stimulating of soil bioremediation of contaminated hydrocarbons with calcium carbonate increased the number of bacteria, and stimulation with Fyre-Zyme and calcium carbonate—the number of filamentous fungi. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of n-alkanes in the soil and the total number of bacteria and fungi but stimulating of soil bioremediation with calcium carbonate increased the number of bacteria, and stimulation with Fyre-Zyme and calcium carbonate—the number of filamentous fungi. The observed correlations indicate that the concentration of n-alkanes in the contaminated soil increases with the addition of Fyre-Zyme.
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of selected seven commercial essential oils (EsO) (grapefruit, lemongrass, tea tree (TTO), thyme, verbena, cajeput, and
) on isolates of common ...Central European parasitic fungal species of
obtained from infected wheat kernels, and to evaluate the oils as potential natural fungicides. The study was conducted in 2 stages. At each stage, the fungicidal activity of EsO (with concentrations of 0.025; 0.05; 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0, and 2.0%) against
spp. was evaluated using the disc plate method and zones of growth inhibition were measured. At the first stage, the fungistatic activity of EsO was evaluated against four species of
from the Polish population (
FAPL,
FCPL,
FGPL and
FOPL). The correlation coefficient between the mycelial growth rate index (T) and the fungistatic activity (FA) was calculated. At the second stage, on the basis of the mycelium growth rate index, the effectiveness of the EsO in limiting the development of
isolates from the German population (
FC1D,
FC2D,
FG1D,
FG2D and
FP0D) was assessed. The first and second stage results presented as a growth rate index were then used to indicate essential oils (as potential natural fungicides) effectively limiting the development of various common Central European parasitic species
spp. Finally, the sensitivity of four
isolates from the Polish population and five
isolates from the German population was compared. The data were compiled in STATISTICA 13.0 (StatSoft, Inc, CA, USA) at the significance level of 0.05.
isolates from the German population were generally more sensitive than those from the Polish population. The sensitivity of individual
species varied. Their vulnerability, regardless of the isolate origin, in order from the most to the least sensitive, is as follows:
,
,
,
and
. The strongest fungicidal activity, similar to Funaben T, showed thyme oil (regardless of the concentration). Performance of citral oils (lemongrass and
) was similar but at a concentration above 0.025%.
Tar oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds obtained from high-temperature distillation of coal tar. It has been used for over 100 years from now to protect wood and has been applied to ...wood products, primary utility poles, and railroad ties by pressure methods. Composition of the tar oil depends on the source and typically consists of 85% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10% phenolic compounds, and 5% heterocyclic compounds. In this research, we performed the laboratory experiment to compare two types of tar oil: C and GX-Plus, and their effects on P-cycling enzymes (phosphatases) in sandy loam and loamy sand. Tar oil was applied to soil samples at the following doses: 2, 10, and 50 g kg
−1
. Soil without tar oil was used as a control sample. The experiment showed that the contamination of soil with tar oil affects the enzyme activities measured and with this most probably the P-cycle in soil. Phosphomonoesterases were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with both type of tar oil: typeC and type GX-Plus. Greater changes in the enzymatic activity were observed in the loamy sand. Moreover, the type C tar oil demonstrated higher toxicity for phosphatases than type GX-Plus.
This study addresses the chemical composition of some commercial essential oils (clove, juniper, oregano, and marjoram oils), as well as appropriate herbal extracts obtained in the process of cold ...maceration and their biological activity against selected
strains:
ATTC 25922,
ATTC 10536, and
127 isolated from poultry waste. On the basis of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis, it was found that the commercial essential oils revealed considerable differences in terms of the composition and diversity of terpenes, terpenoids and sesquiterpenes as compared with the extracts obtained from plant material. The commercial clove, oregano, and marjoram oils showed antibacterial properties against all the tested strains of
. However, these strains were not sensitive to essential oils obtained from the plant material in the process of maceration. The tested strains of
show a high sensitivity, mainly against monoterpenes (
-pinene,
-pinene,
,
,
-terpinene, limonene) and some terpenoids (thymol, carvacrol). The commercial juniper oil contained mainly monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, while the extracts contained lower amounts of monoterpenes and high amounts of sesquiterpenes-the anti-microbiotic properties of the juniper herbal extract seem to be caused by the synergistic activity of mono- and sesquiterpenes.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the drug resistance of
and
isolated from different types of poultry waste. The study material consisted of feather samples (duck, turkey, chicken), sludge and ...centrifuge sediment, originating from three poultry farms. The study was conducted in two stages; isolation and identification of
bacteria from the waste and evaluation of their drug resistance using Kirby-Bauer method. Contamination of the poultry waste with
isolates included
.
species (79 %) and
(21 %). The most contaminated were sludge and sediment from the centrifuge as well as chicken feathers, irrespective of the place and time of sampling. Tested isolates showed multiple resistance and similar reaction to all antibiotics used in the study and
strain was more resistant.
isolates showed the highest resistance to streptogramins, carbapenems, fluoroquinones, aminoglycosides and penicillins, and the lowest for nitrofurantions and phenicols.
Therefore the carried out study aimed at determination of the effect of high-calcium brown coal ash and compost being produced from municipal sewage sludge on the content and bioaccumulation of heavy ...metals in potato tubers, wheat grains and rapeseeds during a three-year period. Rapeseeds contained most Cd whereas wheat rains less. Potato tubers, wheat grains and rapeseeds contained more Mn, Ni and Zn in the fertilization objects with municipal sewage sludge with or without coal ash and compared to those where calcium carbonate or coal ash had been introduced into the soil at a dose corresponding to 1.5 Mg CaO · ha
at the beginning of this study. Differences in the Mn, Ni and Zn contents in test plants between the fertilization objects with sewage sludge of with and without addition of ash were not significant.
The influence of Yarrowia lipolytica inoculum on biodegradation of hydrocarbons, and changes in microbiota composition in the soil contaminated with petroleum have been investigated. The material ...under study was contaminated clay soil, containing petroleum-derived substances at approximately 17 000 mg/kg d. m.. Microbiological analysis was carried out by the cultivation method and the content of individual hydrocarbons (n-aliphatic, BTEX and PAHs) was determined by the GC/MS method. The largest decrease of oil-derived substances, versus the control sample, was recorded at the beginning of the process. During the first 30 days, the yeast inoculation caused most effectively removal of n-aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs (approximately 80% reduction), however, the content of BTEX increased nearly three times. After 60 days of the process, PAHs concentration further decreased (by 40%), concentration of n-aliphatic hydrocarbons decreased a little, however the content of BTEX increased by 10%, compared to the initial concentration. Stimulating the biodegradation process with the yeast inoculum influenced the increase of the bacteria count, mainly Gram-positive, with simultaneous decrease of fungi number.
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