1 Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; and 2 Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Systems Biology and ...Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
Submitted 29 September 2008
; accepted in final form 19 November 2008
We tested the hypothesis that lymphatics would exhibit myogenic constrictions and dilations to intraluminal pressure changes. Collecting lymphatic vessels were isolated from rat mesentery, cannulated, and pressurized for in vitro study. The lymphatic diameter responses to controlled intraluminal pressure steps of different magnitudes were tested in the absence and presence of the inflammatory mediator substance P, which is known to enhance lymphatic contractility. Myogenic constriction, defined as a time-dependent decrease in end-diastolic diameter over a 1- to 2-min period following pressure elevation (after initial distension), was observed in the majority of rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels in vitro and occurred over a relatively wide pressure range (1–15 cmH 2 O). Myogenic dilation, a time-dependent rise in end-diastolic diameter following pressure reduction, was observed in over half the vessels equilibrated at a low baseline pressure. Myogenic constrictions were independent of the cardiac-like and time-dependent compensatory decline in end-systolic diameter and increase in amplitude observed in almost all vessels following pressure elevation. Substance P increased the percentage of vessels exhibiting myogenic constriction, the magnitude and rate of constriction, and the pressure range over which constriction occurred. Our results demonstrate that myogenic responses occur in collecting lymphatic vessels and suggest that the response may aid in preventing vessel overdistension during inflammation/edema.
lymphatic contraction; lymphatic contractility; substance P; inflammation
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. J. Davis, Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, Univ. of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr., Rm. M451, Columbia, MO 65212 (e-mail: davismj{at}health.missouri.edu )
Phasic contractile activity in rat portal vein is more sensitive to the rate of change in length than to absolute length and
this response is widely assumed to be a general characteristic of myogenic ...behaviour for vascular smooth muscle. Previously,
we found that rat lymphatic vessels exhibit phasic contractile behaviour similar to that of portal vein. In the present study,
we hypothesized that lymphatic muscle would exhibit rate-sensitive contractile responses to stretch. The hypothesis was tested
on rat mesenteric lymphatics (90â220 μm, i.d.) using servo-controlled wire- and pressure-myograph systems to enable ramp increases
in force or pressure at different rates. Under isometric conditions in wire-myograph preparations, both the amplitude and
the frequency of phasic activity were enhanced at more optimal preloads, but superimposed upon this effect were bursts of
contractions that occurred only during fast preload ramps. In such cases, the ratio of contraction frequency during the ramp
to that at the subsequent plateau (at optimal preload) was > 1. Further, the frequency ratio increased as a function of the
preload ramp speed, consistent with a rate-sensitive mechanism. In contrast, the amplitude ratio was < 1 and declined further
with higher ramp speeds. Downward preload ramps produced corresponding rate-sensitive inhibition of contraction frequency
but not amplitude. Similar findings were obtained in pressurized lymphatics in response to pressure ramps and steps. Our results
suggest that lymphatics are sensitive to the rate of change in preload/pressure in a way that is different from portal vein,
possibly because the pacemaker for generating electrical activity is rate sensitive but lymphatic muscle is not. The behaviour
may be widely present in collecting lymphatic vessels and is probably an important mechanism for rapid adaptation of the lymphatic
pump to local vascular occlusion.
To describe a case of chronic exogenous Exophiala dermatitidis endophthalmitis.
Retrospective chart review and case report.
A 60-year-old man with history of chronic herpes zoster keratitis ...complicated by secondary fungal keratitis treated with penetrating keratoplasty presented with a white cataract, chronic anterior uveitis, and counting fingers vision in the left eye. Combined cataract extraction and diagnostic vitrectomy revealed positive cultures and polymerase chain reaction-based testing for E. dermatitidis-the same organism responsible for the keratitis. The patient was treated with multiple oral, intravenous, and intravitreal antifungal agents. Ultimately, the corneal infection recurred and the patient elected to undergo enucleation. Filamentous fungi consistent with E. dermatitidis infection were identified in the cornea of the enucleation specimen.
Although rare, Exophiala species can cause exogenous endophthalmitis. Chronic endophthalmitis should be suspected in patients who develop persistent intraocular inflammation after infectious keratitis.
Can food be both national and global at the same time? What happens when a food with a national identity travels beyond the boundaries of a nation? What makes a food authentically national and yet ...American or broader global?
With these questions in mind, Sonia Ryang explores the world of Korean food in four American locations, Iowa City, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and Hawai'i (Kona and Honolulu). Ryang visits restaurants and grocery stores in each location and observes Korean food as it is prepared and served to customers. She analyzes the history and evolution of each dish, how it arrived and what it became, but above all, she tastes and experiences her food-four items to be specific-naengmyeoncold noodle soup;jeonpancakes;galbibarbecued beef; andbibimbap, rice with mixed vegetable.
In her ethnographic journey, Ryang discovers how the chewy noodles from Pyongyang continue to retain their texture and yet are served differently in different locales.Jeonpancakes become completely decontextualized in the United States and metamorphosed into a portable and packable carry-out food. American consumers are unaware of the pancake's sacred origin. In Hawai'i, Ryang finds that it is the Vietnamese restaurant that serves unexpectedly deliciousgalbibarbecued meat. Intertwined in the complex colonial and postcolonial contexts, Koreangalbiand Japaneseyakinikucan be found side by side on the streets of Honolulu frequented by both the locals and tourists.
Boucher–Neuhäuser syndrome (BNHS) is characterized by chorioretinal dystrophy, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and cerebellar dysfunction and atrophy. The disorder has been associated with biallelic ...pathogenic variants in the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 6 (PNPLA6) gene. We present an individual with a clinical diagnosis consistent with BNHS who lacked any PNPLA6 variants but on quartet family exome sequencing had a de novo variant in the hexokinase 1 (HK1) gene (NM_000188.2 GRCh37/hg19: g.71139826G>A, c.1240G>A, p.Gly414Arg), suggesting genetic heterogeneity for BNHS. Longitudinal follow‐up indicated neurological deterioration, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. The BNHS phenotype overlaps and expands the known HK1 genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Individuals with variants in HK1 should undergo evaluation for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, potentially amenable to treatment.
Moral Foods: The Construction of Nutrition and Health in Modern Asia investigates how foods came to be established as moral entities, how moral food regimes reveal emerging systems of knowledge and ...enforcement, and how these developments have contributed to new Asian nutritional knowledge regimes. The collection’s focus on cross-cultural and transhistorical comparisons across Asia brings into view a broad spectrum of modern Asia that extends from East Asia, Southeast Asia, to South Asia, as well as into global communities of Western knowledge, practice, and power outside Asia. The first section, “Good Foods,” focuses on how food norms and rules have been established in modern Asia. Ideas about good foods and good bodies shift at different moments, in some cases privileging local foods and knowledge systems, and in other cases privileging foreign foods and knowledge systems. The second section, “Bad Foods,” focuses on what makes foods bad and even dangerous. Bad foods are not simply unpleasant or undesirable for aesthetic or sensory reasons, but they can hinder the stability and development of persons and societies. Bad foods are symbolically polluting, as in the case of foreign foods that threaten not only traditional foods, but also the stability and strength of the nation and its people. The third section, “Moral Foods,” focuses on how themes of good versus bad are embedded in projects to make modern persons, subjects, and states, with specific attention to the ambiguities and malleability of foods and health. The malleability of moral foods provides unique opportunities for understanding Asian societies’ dynamic position within larger global flows, connections, and disconnections. Collectively, the chapters raise intriguing questions about how foods and the bodies that consume them have been valued politically, economically, culturally, and morally, and about how those values originated and evolved. Consumers in modern Asia are not simply eating to satisfy personal desires or physiological needs, but they are also conscripted into national and global statemaking projects through acts of ingestion. Eating, then, has become about fortifying both the person and the nation.
Abstract only
We tested if lymphatic vessels exhibit myogenic constrictions and dilations to intraluminal pressure changes. Collecting lymphatic vessels were isolated from rat mesentery, cannulated ...and pressurized for in vitro study. Diameters were measured in response to pressure steps of different magnitudes, starting from various baseline pressures. Myogenic constriction, a time‐dependent decrease in end‐diastolic diameter over a 1‐2 min period following pressure elevation, was observed in the majority of vessels (~74%) and occurred over a relatively wide pressure range (1‐15 cmH
2
O). Myogenic dilation, a rise in end diastolic diameter following pressure reduction, was observed in over half the vessels equilibrated at a low baseline pressure. The inflammatory mediator substance P, which is known to enhance lymphatic contractility, increased the percentage of vessels exhibiting myogenic constriction, the magnitude and rate of that constriction, and the pressure range over which it occurred. Our results demonstrate that myogenic responses occur in lymphatic vessels and suggest the possibility that the response may aid in preventing vessel overdistention during conditions of inflammation/edema. NIH HL‐089784.
Food and Power in Hawai'i Aya Hirata Kimura, Krisnawati Suryanata, Christine R. Yano, Robert Ji-Song Ku / Aya Hirata Kimura, Krisnawati Suryanata, Christine R. Yano, Robert Ji-Song Ku
2016
eBook
No detailed description available for "Food and Power in Hawai'i".
Regional variation in the surface ultrastructure of hyaline cartilage in the osteoarthritic trapeziometacarpal joint was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Articular surface ...degeneration on intact osteochondral specimens was analyzed and correlated with known patterns of gross, histologic, and biochemical disease. The earliest changes were observed in the tangential surface lamina and occurred in areas of chondromalacia in the palmar contact area of the joint. Progressive disruption of this superficial fibrillar layer of the articular cartilage was followed by disorganization of the underlying chondrocytes and matrix. In palmar regions with more advanced chondromalacia and loss of eosinophilic staining, free cellular elements and craters 20-30 microns in diameter, resembling empty chondrocyte lacunae, appeared in conjunction with the absence of any tangential surface meshwork. Eburnated areas demonstrated no fibrillar or cellular elements. Disruption of the protective surface lamina of trapeziometacarpal articular cartilage occurs in a geographic pattern corresponding to joint contact areas and regions of selective biochemical decomposition of proteoglycan matrix. These observations support an interdependent relationship between mechanically induced abrasive surface wear and biochemical matrix degradation in the production of the cartilage lesion of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis.
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