A novel method for the highly efficient and reversible capture of CO in carbanion‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) by a C‐site interaction is reported. Because of its supernucleophilicity, the ...carbanion in ILs could absorb CO efficiently. As a result, a relatively high absorption capacity for CO (up to 0.046 mol mol−1) was achieved under ambient conditions, compared with CO solubility in a commonly used IL BmimTf2N (2×10−3 mol mol−1). The results of quantum mechanical calculations and spectroscopic investigation confirmed that the chemical interaction between the C‐site in the carbanion and CO resulted in the superior CO absorption capacities. Furthermore, the subsequent conversion of captured CO into valuable chemicals with good reactivity was also realized through the alkoxycarbonylation reaction under mild conditions. Highly efficient CO absorption by carbanion‐functionalized ILs provides a new way of separating and converting CO.
Carbanions licensed to IL: A highly efficient and reversible capture of CO in carbanion‐functionalized ionic liquids was achieved (up to 0.046 mol mol−1 under ambient conditions). The C‐site chemical interaction between the carbanion and CO is responsible for the superior CO absorption capacities.
In this study, we use nitrogen-doped to improving the gas-sensing properties of reduced graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was prepared according to a modified Hummers' method and then nitrogen-doped ...reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using graphene oxide and NH
OH as precursors. The rGO is flat and smooth with a sheet-like morphology while the N-rGO exhibits folded morphology. This type of folding of the surface morphology can increase the gas sensitivity. The N-rGO and the rGO sensors showed n-type and p-type semiconducting behaviors in ambient conditions, respectively, and were responsive to low concentrations of NO gases (< 1000 ppb) at room temperature. The gas-sensing results showed that the N-rGO sensors could detect NO gas at concentrations as low as 400 ppb. The sensitivity of the N-rGO sensor to 1000 ppb NO (1.7) is much better than that of the rGO sensor (0.012). Compared with pure rGO, N-rGO exhibited a higher sensitivity and excellent reproducibility.
Polydimethylsiloxane with hydroxy groups was functionalized to form functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, which subsequently underwent an addition reaction with isophorone diisocyanate to form the ...prepolymer. Next, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) reacted with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) to produce bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and sol-gel technology was employed to form hyperbranched polysiloxane nanoparticles with hydroxy groups, APTS-GPTS, which was used as the additive. The hyperbranched polysiloxane and the prepolymer containing NCO functional groups then underwent an addition reaction to produce the hybrid materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and
Si nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize the structure of the polyurethane hybrid. Regarding thermal stability, after the hyperbranched polysiloxane nanoparticles was introduced, the integral procedural decomposition temperature increased from 348 °C for polyurethane matrix to 859 °C for the hybrid material. The results reveal that the thermal stability of the hybrid material substantially increased by approximately 247%.
Epoxy resin was often applied in fiber‐reinforced composite materials, adhesives, and encapsulation materials. However, epoxy was easily flammable and limited its usage in certain applications. The ...study recycled and reused agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse to prepare a halogen‐free bio‐based intumescent flame retardant and then mixed with epoxy resin to prepare a composite containing polymer with improved thermal properties and flame retardancy of the materials. The work followed the concept of circular economy and sustainability. Bagasse‐ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) flame retardant was added to an epoxy resin to prepare epoxy/bagasse‐ADP composites, an effective flame‐retarding composite material through hydrothermal method. Adding bagasse‐ADP increased the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composite materials compared with that of pure epoxy. For the material with 30 wt% added bagasse‐ADP, the char yield was 32.3 wt%, which was 18.2 wt% higher than that of pure epoxy (14.1 wt%) through thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% to 30%, and the UL‐94 classification improved from “Fail” to “V‐0.” This performance was attributed to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon content of the flame retardant.
The machanism of intumenscent bio‐based flame retardant.
A new strategy for multi‐molar absorption of CO2 is reported based on activating a carboxylate group in amino acid ionic liquids. It was illustrated that introducing an electron‐withdrawing site to ...amino acid anions could reduce the negative inductive effect of the amino group while simultaneously activating the carboxylate group to interact with CO2 very efficiently. An extremely high absorption capacity of CO2 (up to 1.69 mol mol−1) in aminopolycarboxylate‐based amino acid ionic liquids was thus achieved. The evidence of spectroscopic investigations and quantum‐chemical calculations confirmed the interactions between two kinds of sites in the anion and CO2 that resulted in superior CO2 capacities.
My mate, carboxylate: multi‐molar absorption of CO2 (up to 1.69 mol mol−1) is possible using aminopolycarboxylate‐based ionic liquids (APC‐ILs) by introducing an electron‐withdrawing site to reduce the negative inductive effect of the amino group while simultaneously activating the carboxylate group. The multiple‐site interactions between the anion of APC‐ILs and CO2 resulted in superior CO2 capacities.
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) was cosputtered from ZnO and Al targets on glass substrates at room temperature. The effect of Al-target power and annealing atmosphere on structural and ...optoelectronic properties of AZO films was investigated.Al/Zn ratio increased to 0.258 when the Al-target power increased to 250 W. At a fixed Al-target power of 200 W, the Al/Zn ratio was 0.104 and the as-deposited AZO film demonstrated a low resistivity of 3.19 × 10
−4
Ω-cm and high transmittance of approximately 90% in the visible region. After annealing at 500 °C in forming gas (5% H
2
in Ar) atmosphere, the resistivity of the AZO film can be further reduced to 9.38 × 10
−5
Ω-cm. Given its low-temperature process and good optoelectronic properties, sputtered AZO films that use ZnO and Al targets have high potential in various optoelectronic devices.
Indoor microbial communities have important implications for human health, especially in health-care institutes (HCIs). The factors that determine the diversity and composition of microbiomes in a ...built environment remain unclear. Herein, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to investigate the relationships between building attributes and surface bacterial communities among four HCIs located in three buildings. We examined the surface bacterial communities and environmental parameters in the buildings supplied with different ventilation types and compared the results using a Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM)-based approach. A total of 203 samples from the four HCIs were analyzed. Four bacterial communities were grouped using the DMM-based approach, which were highly similar to those in the 4 HCIs. The α-diversity and β-diversity in the naturally ventilated building were different from the conditioner-ventilated building. The bacterial source composition varied across each building. Nine genera were found as the core microbiota shared by all the areas, of which Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus are regarded as healthcare-associated pathogens (HAPs). The observed relationship between environmental parameters such as core microbiota and surface bacterial diversity suggests that we might manage indoor environments by creating new sanitation protocols, adjusting the ventilation design, and further understanding the transmission routes of HAPs.
Protective antibody levels are critical for protection from severe enterovirus 71 infection. However, little is known about the specificities and functional properties of the enterovirus 71-specific ...antibodies induced by natural infection in humans. Here we characterize 191 plasmablast-derived monoclonal antibodies from three enterovirus 71-infected children, each of whom shows a distinct serological response. Of the 84 enterovirus 71-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies that target the rims and floor of the capsid canyon exhibit broad and potent activities at the nanogram level against viruses isolated in 1998-2016. We also find a subset of infected children whose enterovirus 71-specific antibodies are focused on the 3- and 2-fold plateau epitopes localized at the margin of pentamers, and this type of antibody response is associated with lower serum titers against recently circulating strains. Our data provide new insights into the enterovirus 71-specific antibodies induced by natural infection at the serological and clonal levels.Enterovirus 71 is a leading cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina. Here, the authors characterize a large panel of plasmablast-derived IgG mAbs that target the capsid of EV71 to identify neutralizing antibodies induced by natural infection.
PDF
