Injectable hydrogel adhesives integrating both rapid adhesion to wet tissues and anti‐swelling in humid environments are highly desired for fast hemostasis and wound sealing in surgical applications. ...Herein, utilizing the synergistic effect of thermo‐sensitive shrinkable nano‐micelle gelators and small molecular adhesive moieties, an injectable hydrogel with rapid‐adhesion and anti‐swelling properties (RAAS hydrogel) is fabricated. The RAAS hydrogel can undergo ultrafast gelation to achieve wet adhesion within 2 s of ultraviolet illumination and exhibit an outstanding anti‐swelling performance with non‐expansion of volume during the whole degradation process. It also presents good biocompatibility and low risk of hemolysis. Its fast hemostasis is demonstrated in diverse hemorrhage models with injuries in the liver, artery, heart, cranial vessel, and brain cortex in small animals. Importantly, its volume stability in humid internal environment can maintain the strong adhesion strength and avoid compression injury to spinal cord when applied for dura sealing. These data suggest that the injectable RAAS hydrogel holds potential for the applications of fast hemostasis and wound sealing with the benefits of stable adhesion and reducing the risk of tissue compression injury.
The hydrogel possessing dual capacities of rapid‐adhesion and anti‐swelling (RAAS hydrogel) is developed based on the synergistic effects of temperature‐sensitive shrinkage of nanomicelle gelator, small molecular adhesive moiety, and rapid photocuring ability. Compared with general swelling adhesive hydrogels, the RAAS hydrogel can avoid compression injury to surrounding tissues, such as the spinal cord, after achieving hemostasis and wound sealing.
Abstract
An awareness of antecedents of acceptance of digital contact tracing (DCT) can enable healthcare authorities to design appropriate strategies for fighting COVID-19 or other infectious ...diseases that may emerge in the future. However, mixed results about these antecedents are frequently reported. Most prior DCT acceptance review studies lack statistical synthesis of their results. This study aims to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of antecedents of DCT acceptance and investigate potential moderators of these antecedents. By searching multiple databases and filtering studies by using both inclusion and exclusion criteria, 76 and 25 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Random-effects models were chosen to estimate meta-analysis results since
Q
,
I
2
, and
H
index signified some degree of heterogeneity. Fail-safe N was used to assess publication bias. Most DCT acceptance studies have focused on DCT related factors. Included antecedents are all significant predictors of DCT acceptance except for privacy concerns and fear of COVID-19. Subgroup analysis showed that individualism/collectivism moderate the relationships between norms/privacy concerns and intention to use DCT. Based on the results, the mean effect size of antecedents of DCT acceptance and the potential moderators may be more clearly identified. Appropriate strategies for boosting the DCT acceptance rate can be proposed accordingly.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Removal of arsenic (As) from water supplies is needed to reduce As exposure through drinking water and food consumption in many regions of the world. Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are promising and ...novel adsorbents for As removal because of their great adsorption capacity for As and easy separation. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption mechanism of arsenate, As(V), and arsenite, As(III), on MNPs by macroscopic adsorption experiments in combination with thermodynamic calculation and microspectroscopic characterization using synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Adsorption reactions are favorable endothermic processes as evidenced by increased adsorption with increasing temperatures, and high positive enthalpy change. EXAFS spectra suggested predominant formation of bidentate binuclear corner-sharing complexes (2 C) for As(V), and tridentate hexanuclear corner-sharing (3 C) complexes for As(III) on MNP surfaces. The macroscopic and microscopic data conclusively identified the formation of inner-sphere complexes between As and MNP surfaces. More intriguingly, XANES and XPS results revealed complex redox transformation of the adsorbed As on MNPs exposed to air: Concomitant with the oxidation of MNPs, the oxidation of As(III) and MNPs was expected, but the observed As(V) reduction was surprising because of the role played by the reactive Fe(II).
Among various non-pharmaceutical control measures, Digital Contact Tracing (DCT) based on information technology is an effective tool to combat COVID-19, but the penetration rates in major countries ...of the world are not optimal. To better prepare for any future emerging infectious disease outbreaks, it is necessary to examine the decision process of DCT acceptance among the public. Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), this study compares the central and peripheral routes that motivate DCT acceptance. The research also examines how these decision processes moderate individuals’ perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and through self-efficacy. This research adopts a survey methodology for collecting 284 valid responses and utilizes structural equation modeling to verify the proposed hypotheses. The results demonstrate that perceived benefits develop along a dual route of argument quality and source credibility. Perceived benefits, in turn, enable individuals’ willingness to disclose personal information to DCT. Perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy also moderate the influences of argument quality on perceived benefits. The findings imply that healthcare authorities should employ differing strategies to foster individuals’ perceived benefits of DCT with the goal of boosting DCT penetration rates.
Revealing the single-cell immune ecosystems in true versus de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrences could help the optimal development of immunotherapies.
We performed 5'and VDJ single-cell ...RNA-sequencing on 34 samples from 20 recurrent HCC patients. Bulk RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry, multiplexed immunofluorescence, and in vitro functional analyses were performed on samples from two validation cohorts.
Analyses of mutational profiles and evolutionary trajectories in paired primary and recurrent HCC samples using whole-exome sequencing identified de novo versus true recurrences, some of which occurred before clinical diagnosis. The tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) of truly recurrent HCCs was characterised by an increased abundance in KLRB1
CD8
T cells with memory phenotype and low cytotoxicity. In contrast, we found an enrichment in cytotoxic and exhausted CD8
T cells in the TIME of de novo recurrent HCCs. Transcriptomic and interaction analyses showed elevated GDF15 expression on HCC cells in proximity to dendritic cells, which may have dampened antigen presentation and inhibited antitumour immunity in truly recurrent lesions. In contrast, myeloid cells' cross talk with T cells-mediated T cell exhaustion and immunosuppression in the TIME of
recurrent HCCs. Consistent with these findings, a phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy showed more responses in de novo recurrent HCC patients.
True and de novo HCC recurrences occur early, have distinct TIME and may require different immunotherapy strategies. Our study provides a source for genomic diagnosis and immune profiling for guiding immunotherapy based on the type of HCC recurrence and the specific TIME.
This paper presents a trip-oriented energy management control strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The proposed strategy provides system optimization and control methods to improve ...real-world fuel economy (FE) by optimizing the power demand distribution between fuel and battery electricity and the power delivery split between the mechanical and electrical paths in a PowerSplit PHEV architecture. A two degree of freedom system model is established to characterize the actuation dynamics and the power delivery properties of the powertrain. This paper achieves three important contributions to PHEV energy management control research: 1) the optimal control problem is solved considering both the nonlinearity of battery efficiency and the complexity of PowerSplit architecture; 2) a novel trip-oriented energy consumption preplanning method is proposed using a driving pattern-based dynamic programming approach; and 3) a feedback control system is designed to realize the optimal energy consumption process in real applications. The proposed energy management control strategy has been shown to improve FE in Ford Escape PHEVs.
Development of new and effective solid catalysts (solid acid base to immobilized enzyme) is necessary for renewable and green energy production. The various choices of heterogeneous solid catalysis ...were reported recently, and the specific research outcomes of trans-esterification on heterogeneous catalysis are discussed in the present article. The studies on biodiesel production are mainly focused on the following aspects: (i) examining the appropriate oil source, (ii) establishing the adequate alcohol to oil molar ratio, and (iii) evaluating the available solid acid catalysts, solid base catalysts, and lipase immobilized enzyme catalysts. Although homogeneous catalysis are superior in terms of reaction rate compared to heterogeneous catalysis, the focus of research on development of solid catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic transesterification is directed from the point of easy process and possible adoption for large scale production. The scope of this presentation is to examine these aspects in detail and to provide a comprehensive outlook on the aspects mentioned.
Macrophages (Mphi) are prominent components of solid tumors and exhibit distinct phenotypes in different microenvironments. We have recently found that tumors can alter the normal developmental ...process of Mphi to trigger transient activation of monocytes in peritumoral stroma. We showed that a fraction of monocytes/Mphi in peritumoral stroma, but not in cancer nests, expresses surface PD-L1 (also termed B7-H1) molecules in tumors from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Monocytes activated by tumors strongly express PD-L1 proteins with kinetics similar to their activation status, and significant correlations were found between the levels of PD-L1(+) and HLA-DR(high) on tumor-infiltrating monocytes. Autocrine tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 10 released from activated monocytes stimulated monocyte expression of PD-L1. The PD-L1(+) monocytes effectively suppressed tumor-specific T cell immunity and contributed to the growth of human tumors in vivo; the effect could be reversed by blocking PD-L1 on those monocytes. Moreover, we found that PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating monocytes increased with disease progression, and the intensity of the protein was associated with high mortality and reduced survival in the HCC patients. Thus, expression of PD-L1 on activated monocytes/Mphi may represent a novel mechanism that links the proinflammatory response to immune tolerance in the tumor milieu.
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