Background: Many studies demonstrated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and diminished health functioning in adulthood. A growing literature has shown that positive ...childhood experiences (PCEs) co-occurring with ACEs reduce the risks for negative outcomes.
Objective: The aim was to investigate how ACEs and PCEs are simultaneously associated with health outcomes in adulthood, including self-rated health, physical and mental health outcomes, and health-risk behaviours.
Methods: A panel sample of 4,847 Slovenian adults was used and the data were weighted to closely resemble the Slovenian population. A series of logistic regression analyses were performed to examine how ACEs and PCEs predict the risk of various health outcomes.
Results: Significant associations, as measured by adjusted odds ratios, were found between higher ACEs exposure and each of the 16 health outcomes evaluated. Adjusting for above median PCEs attenuated the association between ACEs and 6 health outcomes (poor self-rated physical and mental health, depression, anxiety, suicide attempt, physical inactivity; OR for ≥ 4 vs. 0 ACEs, 1.48-9.34). Mirroring these findings, above median PCEs were associated with lowered odds of these 6 health outcomes after adjusting for ACEs (OR for above vs. below median PCEs, 0.46-0.67), but not with odds of physical health outcomes and most of the health-risk behaviours. Stratified analyses by ACEs exposure level showed that the association between PCEs and self-rated health remained stable across ACEs exposure levels, while the association between PCEs and mental health outcomes and physical inactivity varied across ACEs exposure levels.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that above median PCEs attenuate the association between ACEs and poor self-rated health, mental health problems, and physical inactivity in later life, and are negatively associated with these health problems even in the concurrent presence of ACEs. Interventions to promote PCEs can help to reduce unfavourable long-term health outcomes following childhood adversity.
ACEs were associated with various health problems evaluated in this study.
After controlling for ACEs, PCEs were associated with self-rated physical and mental health, depression, anxiety, suicidal attempt, and physical inactivity.
Interventions that address PCEs should be promoted.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: Early life adversity is associated with somatic symptoms (SS) in adulthood, but the psychological mechanisms involved need to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to ...investigate whether disturbances in self-organization (DSO), consisting of affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships, mediate the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and SS in adulthood. In addition, we investigated whether resilient coping buffers the direct and indirect effect of ACEs on SS. Method: The study sample comprised 4,847 Slovenian adults aged 18 to 75 years and was broadly representative of the general population. Results: Results of the mediation analysis showed that DSO had a notable, significant mediating effect on the relationship between ACEs and SS, with the indirect effect (a × b = .386, p < .001) accounting for 53.3% of the total effect. A moderated mediation analysis revealed a significant interaction between ACEs and resilient coping in predicting DSO (B = −.074, p = .020), suggesting that resilient coping moderated the indirect effect of ACEs on SS. The flexible use of coping strategies to solve problems in stressful circumstances reduced the negative effect of ACEs on DSO, and hence the frequency of SS in adults with a history of ACEs. Conclusions: Health care professionals should be aware of the role that DSO may have in maintaining or exacerbating SS in victims of early trauma. Strengthening the individual's capacities for resilient coping can alleviate the negative effects of early trauma on psychological functioning and health in later life.
Clinical Impact StatementAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to somatic symptoms (SS) in adults through increased disturbances in self-organization (DSO), consisting of affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and disturbances in relationships, which together with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms form the concept of complex PTSD (cPTSD). Resilient coping mitigates the negative effect of ACEs on the frequency of adult SS via DSO. Clinicians should be aware that DSO may contribute to medically unexplained physical health complaints. Early diagnostics of ACEs and subsequent potential DSO symptoms, along with interventions aimed at strengthening resilient coping capacities, can alleviate SS in victims of early life adversity.
Many researchers claim that facilitation is a determining factor, if not a necessary condition, for successful deliberative discussion, but little research has applied randomized experimental designs ...to empirically test such claim. This article analyzes the effect of professionally facilitated versus non-facilitated discussions in a real-life context on participants’ attitudes and the perceived quality of group deliberation, controlling for various individual- and group-level variables. We conducted 26 deliberative discussions with 226 teachers from 13 primary schools on the topic of school discipline measures. We assessed the teachers’ post-discussion perceptions of the perceived quality of the group deliberation and their attitudes toward school discipline measures pre- and post-discussion. The results show the facilitation’s significant influences on attitude change and the perceived quality of the group deliberation. Quality of deliberation is also influenced by heterogeneity of restorative attitudes in discussion groups, whereas attitude change is to a large extent determined also by pre-discussion attitudes.
In Slovenia, compulsory schools have, since 2009, been obliged to define their own concept of moral and character education under the formal framework of the Primary School Act. Disciplinary measures ...in schools are underpinned by two main punishment theories: the more traditional retributive responses to undesired conduct, and the more recent restorative approach. The present study explores the views of 109 teachers from 13 compulsory schools regarding disciplinary measures through the prism of this paradigmatic divide. A qualitative analysis of group discussions in which teachers evaluated the disciplinary measures at each of the 13 schools will be presented. Only three discussion groups were predominantly restorative oriented. Given the proven negative effects of retribution-oriented disciplinary measures, the findings are not encouraging. We conclude that schools need a clearer disciplinary framework with systematic acquisition of knowledge and practical experience in the field of educational and discipline strategies, and that teachers must continuously reflect on their own disciplinary practices. (DIPF/Orig.)
This article reviews key-indicators of youth transitions in Slovenia over the
last decades and highlights some of the inherent tensions. Against the
background of the metaphor of ?frozen ...transitions?, which tries to grasp some
of the contradictions between the speed of societal change and the stagnating
development of youth towards independence, the article describes and reflects
the development of youth transitions in the three domains of employment,
housing and parenthood. The basis is a selection of indicators available in
international data sets and surveys that allow to trace the change at least
over the last two decades after the breakdown of Yugoslavia. Our findings
indicate that transitions in Slovenia are frozen in all three domains, which
challenges the usefulness of the conventional life course framework for
studying post-communist contexts.
Kroz pregled kljucnih pokazatelja tranzicija u odraslost mladih u Sloveniji
tokom poslednje decenije, u tekstu se osvetljavaju neke njihove inherentne
napetosti. U skladu sa metaforom ?zamrznutih tranzicija?, koja pokusava da
shvati neke kontradiktornosti izmedju brzine drustvenih promena i napredovanja
mladih ka nezavisnosti koje stagnira, u tekstu se opisuju i raspravljaju
tranzicije u tri domena: zaposlenosti, stanovanja i roditeljstva. Emprijsku
osnovu analize cini izbor pokazatelja koji su dostupni iz medjunarodnih baza
podataka i anketa, koji omogucavaju da se istraze promene tokom dve decenije
koje su sledile nakon sloma Jugoslavije. Nasi nalazi ukazuju da su tranzicije
mladih u Sloveniji zamrznute u sva tri domena, sto predstavlja izazov za
primenu uobicajenog okvira zivotnog toka na proucavanje post-komunistickih
konteksta.
The article deals with the conceptualisation and negotiation of post-adolescent daughters' rights and duties in their families of origin. More and more young Europeans and particularly many young ...Slovenians are staying with their parents in the post-adolescence period (and even later) or come home from their university city every weekend. This means that two adult generations live together in the same household; so they have to negotiate the rights and duties of the younger generation in different areas, from very personal domains (e.g. appearance) to more far-reaching life decisions (e.g. the post-study life situation, moving out of the parental home). The study provides at least a partial insight into the processes involved in the negotiation of rights and duties in families with post-adolescent daughters. The data stem from semi-structured interviews conducted in autumn 2006 in Slovenia with 70 first-born post-adolescent girls and both of their biological parents. The respondents answered closed- and open-ended questions referring to four vignettes suggesting controversial situations. The answers allow a view of the conceptualisations of post-adolescents' rights and duties, the distribution of decision-making power and the way of dealing with such situations. The results show that post-adolescent daughters are very dependent on their parents in various areas. It turned out that the contemporary Slovenian family with post-adolescent daughters is prepared to negotiate: patterns of intrafamilial communication range from the traditionally grounded commanding pattern where children have to obey unequivocally (but less than 10% of parents resort to the bare use of authority), to an open, active negotiation pattern where the balance of power is more equal and the achievement of consensus is very important.
Rad se bavi konceptualizacijom i procesom pregovaranja o pravima i obavezama kceri-postadolescentkinja u njihovim porodicama porekla. Sve vise mladih Evropljana i posebno mladih Slovenaca ostaje sa roditeljima u postadolescentskom periodu (pa i nakon toga), ili svakog vikenda dolazi kuci iz grada u kojem studiraju. To znaci da dve generacije odraslih zive zajedno u istom domacinstvu, sto ih stavlja u situaciju da pregovaraju o pravima i duznostima mladje generacije u razlicitim oblastima, od veoma licnih sfera (npr. izgled) pa sve do dalekoseznijih zivotnih odluka (npr. zivotna situacija nakon studija, odlazak iz roditeljskog doma). Istrazivanje omogucava bar delimican uvid u procese pregovaranja o pravima i duznostima u porodicama sa kcerima postadolescentkskog uzrasta. Podaci su prikupljeni pomocu polustrukturisanih intervjua obavljenih u jesen 2006. godine u Sloveniji sa 70 prvorodjenih kceri u periodu postadolescencije i oba njihova bioloska roditelja. Ispitanici su odgovarali na zatvorena i otvorena pitanja koja su se odnosila na cetiri vinjete sa kontroverznim situacijama. Odgovori su omogucili sagledavanje konceptualizacije prava i obaveza postadolescentkinja, distribuciju moci odlucivanja i nacina resavanja takvih situacija. Rezultati su pokazali da su kceri-postadolescentkinje veoma zavisne od svojih roditelja u razlicitim oblastima. Ispostavilo se da je savremena slovenacka porodica sa kcerima u ovom uzrastu spremna da pregovara: obrasci unutarporodicne komunikacije idu od tradicionalno zasnovanog 'naredbodavnog' stila u kojem se deca moraju bespogovorno povinovati (mada se manje od 10% roditelja oslanja iskljucivo na upotrebu autoriteta), pa sve do obrasca otvorenog, aktivnog pregovaranja gde je prisutna ravnoteza moci a postizanje konsenzusa se smatra veoma vaznim.
Abstract The present paper analyzes and contextualizes the phenomenon of prolonged co-residence of parents and young adult children in Slovenia. It analyzes the process of moving out or staying at ...home on the basis of a subsample of young people between 19 and 29 who are no longer at school included in the representative Slovenian field survey Youth 2010 . Young people still living in the household of their parents or (legal) guardians are compared with those who have already left. The analysis considers factors associated with the status transitions from youth to adulthood; the demographic, social and economic background; and the perception of the parent–child relationship quality and parenting style by the children. Our findings point to the importance of possibilities for independent housing and the economic capacity of young people and their family. The most important factor behind moving out seems to be a stable partnership.
The article presents a pilot study based on intervention conducted in Croatia in 2022. Despite intensive peacebuilding efforts, ethnic tensions in post-conflict societies remain high, suggesting that ...current strategies may be missing critical components. This experiment integrated recent neurophysiological findings, particularly polyvagal theory, into peacebuilding intervention. The intervention involved a two-day seminar in Zagreb, where trauma-informed, body-based techniques were used to address post-war trauma. Participants learnt to recognise and manage trauma reactions by promoting their interoceptive awareness and a felt sense of safety. The seminar included both theoretical and experiential components, focusing on the impact of trauma on the autonomous nervous system and interpersonal dynamics. The study used an experimental design with intervention and control group to investigate the effects of the seminar. Measures included interoceptive awareness, autonomic reactivity, ethnic distance, perspective taking and mental well-being. The results showed that the participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in interoceptive awareness, particularly in not worrying and emotional awareness subscales compared to the control group. However, ethnic distance scores did not decrease as expected, highlighting the complexity of changing deep-rooted attitudes. The study faced some challenges, including participant recruitment and the short duration of the intervention, which may have limited its effectiveness. Despite these limitations, the findings suggest that integrating trauma-informed approaches into peacebuilding efforts holds promise for improving interethnic relations. Future research should focus on longer interventions and diverse participant groups to better understand the potential of these methods in various contexts.
Povzetek. V članku predstavljava razširjenost obremenjujočih in pozitivnih izkušenj v otroštvu (OIO in PIO) na panelnem (pod)vzorcu 18- do 30-letnikov/-ic v Sloveniji ter njihovo povezanost s ...samoocenjenim šolskim uspehom. Skoraj petina 18- do 30-letnikov iz prve slovenske OIO-raziskave je poročala o podpovprečnem šolskem uspehu do 18. leta starosti. Skladno s predhodnimi študijami so o takem uspehu pogosteje poročali tisti, ki so doživeli večje število OIO, pa tudi tisti z manjšim številom PIO. Rezultati kažejo, da PIO zmanjšujejo tveganje za slabši šolski uspeh tudi ob sočasni prisotnosti OIO ter blažijo učinek OIO na slabši šolski uspeh. Članek opozarja na nujnost ozaveščanja šolskih strokovnih delavcev o psihološki travmi, pa tudi o oblikovanju politik, programov in praks, ki bi travmo v šolskem kontekstu eksplicitno in sistematično naslovili. Ključni pojmi: obremenjujoče izkušnje v otroštvu, travmatične izkušnje, pozitivne izkušnje v otroštvu, šolski uspeh, šole, utemeljene na razumevanju travme
V članku predstavljava razširjenost obre-
menjujočih in pozitivnih izkušenj v otroštvu (OIO in
PIO) na panelnem (pod)vzorcu 18- do 30-letnikov/-ic v
Sloveniji ter njihovo povezanost s samoocenjenim ...šol-
skim uspehom. Skoraj petina 18- do 30-letnikov iz prve
slovenske OIO-raziskave je poročala o podpovprečnem
šolskem uspehu do 18. leta starosti. Skladno s predhodni-
mi študijami so o takem uspehu pogosteje poročali tisti, ki
so doživeli večje število OIO, pa tudi tisti z manjšim števi-
lom PIO. Rezultati kažejo, da PIO zmanjšujejo tveganje
za slabši šolski uspeh tudi ob sočasni prisotnosti OIO ter
blažijo učinek OIO na slabši šolski uspeh. Članek opozar-
ja na nujnost ozaveščanja šolskih strokovnih delavcev o
psihološki travmi, pa tudi o oblikovanju politik, progra-
mov in praks, ki bi travmo v šolskem kontekstu eksplici-
tno in sistematično naslovili.
Ključni pojmi: obremenjujoče izkušnje v otroštvu, trav-
matične izkušnje, pozitivne izkušnje v otroštvu, šolski
uspeh, šole, utemeljene na razumevanju travme
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