School-closure policies are considered one of the most promising nonpharmaceutical interventions for mitigating seasonal and pandemic influenza. However, their effectiveness is still debated, ...primarily due to the lack of empirical evidence about the behavior of the population during the implementation of the policy. Over the course of the 2015 to 2016 influenza season in Russia, we performed a diary-based contact survey to estimate the patterns of social interactions before and during the implementation of reactive school-closure strategies. We develop an innovative hybrid survey-modeling framework to estimate the time-varying network of human social interactions. By integrating this network with an infection transmission model, we reduce the uncertainty surrounding the impact of school-closure policies in mitigating the spread of influenza. When the school-closure policy is in place, we measure a significant reduction in the number of contacts made by students (14.2 vs. 6.5 contacts per day) and workers (11.2 vs. 8.7 contacts per day). This reduction is not offset by the measured increase in the number of contacts between students and nonhousehold relatives. Model simulations suggest that gradual reactive school-closure policies based on monitoring student absenteeism rates are capable of mitigating in fluenza spread. We estimate that without the implemented reactive strategies the attack rate of the 2015 to 2016 in fluenza season would hav ebeen 33% larger. Our study sheds light on the social mixing patterns of the population during the implementation of reactive school closures and provides key instruments for future cost-effectiveness analyses of school-closure policies.
The purpose of the study was to show the outstanding contribution of Elena Alexandrovna Timofeeva-Resovskaya (1898-1973) to the development of radiobiology.
We reviewed the author's memoirs and ...materials from the personal archive, as well as literary and electronic sources.
For the first time the autobiography of Elena A. Timofeeva-Resovskaya and the periods of her scientific activity were revealed. We demonstrated the primary role of Elena A. Timofeeva-Resovskaya in the research of aquatic ecosystems. The results of her research turned out to be important both for solving the problems of radioactive contamination of territories and for the development of modern radioecology. Throughout her life, she worked with her husband Nikolay V. Timofeev-Resovsky (1900-1981), a great scientist and prominent scientific enlightener. There was no purpose to describe the life of Timofeev-Resovskies family, full of exciting events, but it was not possible to avoid it. For young women in science, Elena A. Timofeeva-Resovskaya can provide an example of a successful scientific career even in turbulent times.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement ...gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.
Abstract
Results related to Chisini’s Conjecture and contained in (
Izv. Math.
63
:6 (1999), 1139–1170) and (
Izv. Math.
65
:1 (2001), 71–74) are extended to the case of almost generic covers of the ...projective plane.
Bibliography: 11 titles.
In the article, we show that the germ of a finite morphism of smooth surfaces is rigid if and only if the germ of its branch curve has an singularity type. We establish a correspondence between the ...set of rigid germs of finite morphisms and the set of Belyi rational functions . Bibliography: 10 titles.
The preparation of multipurpose high-energy materials for space technologies remains a challenging task and such materials usually require special precautions and fine tunability of their functional ...properties. To unveil new opportunities
en route
to high-performance energetic materials, novel potential melt-castable explosives and energetic plasticizers incorporating a (1,2,3-triazolyl)furazan scaffold enriched with nitro and nitratomethyl explosophoric functionalities were synthesized. The successful implementation of the regiodivergent approach enabled the preparation of regioisomeric (nitratomethyltriazolyl)furazans that possessed significantly different physicochemical properties classifying the target materials as melt-castable substances or energetic plasticizers. Hirshfeld surface calculations supported by energy framework plots were also performed to better understand the relationship between the molecular structure and sensitivity. All the prepared (1,2,3-triazolyl)furazans show high nitrogen-oxygen contents (76-77%), good experimental densities (up to 1.72 g cm
−3
) and high positive enthalpies of formation (180-318 kJ mol
−1
) resulting in good detonation performances (
D
= 7.1-8.0 km s
−1
;
P
= 21-29 GPa). Overall, this work unveils novel strategies for the construction of balanced energetic melt-castable substances or plasticizers for various applications.
Regiodivergent assembly of novel high-performance energetic melt-castable substances or plasticizers incorporating a (1,2,3-triazolyl)furazan scaffold was performed.
Given a ribbon graph of arbitrary genus, we construct a spherical graph with the same two columns of the passport. And given a spherical graph, we present an algorithm for constructing a graph with ...the two columns of the same passport and any admissible genus. We also discuss possible applications to the theory of dessins d’enfants.
Technical details, the principle of work and the distribution of a generated neutron spectrum are presented in the paper. Current experiments at the irradiation facility, as well as investigations at ...the radiation resistance of various materials, the radiation coloring of minerals, neutron activation analysis, etc. are also described. Conclusions about the high efficiency and the practical relevance of the facility as an instrument for the irradiation of samples with neutrons of various energy (0.25 meV - 10 MeV) with fluence from 5·1011 n/cm2 to 1018 n/cm2 are presented as well.
We prove that unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails, deciding if there is a homomorphism from graph
G
to graph
H
cannot be done in time |
V
(
H
)|
o
(|
V
(
G
)|)
. We also show an ...exponential-time reduction from Graph Homomorphism to Subgraph Isomorphism. This rules out (subject to ETH) a possibility of |
V
(
H
)|
o
(|
V
(
H
)|)
-time algorithm deciding if graph
G
is a subgraph of
H
. For both problems our lower bounds asymptotically match the running time of brute-force algorithms trying all possible mappings of one graph into another. Thus, our work closes the gap in the known complexity of these fundamental problems.
Moreover, as a consequence of our reductions, conditional lower bounds follow for other related problems such as Locally Injective Homomorphism, Graph Minors, Topological Graph Minors, Minimum Distortion Embedding and Quadratic Assignment Problem.
—
The discussed research topic is a relevant problem due to the fact that the current state of economic and industrial development of the Russian Federation in terms of developing competencies for ...the knowledge economy inevitably entails the need to transform existing approaches in the field of production. The authors note that there is a need for a new approach to managing intellectual property (IP) created at higher education institutions and specialized research departments of enterprises, one that makes use of the significant potential of automated information systems in terms of implementing the tools they provide for effective management of business processes. A schematic representation of the process of implementing IP commercialization at a higher education institution is provided in the form of a logical sequence of elements with key groups of management stages. The results of the conducted research can be used to develop new strategic programs and methodological approaches at higher education institutions aimed at optimizing the functioning of groups of processes related to use and marketing of intellectual property.
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