This paper presents the flow and heat transfer characteristics of an electrically conducting Casson fluid past an exponentially stretching curved surface with convective boundary condition. The fluid ...motion is assumed to be laminar and time dependent. The effects of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and variable heat source/sink are deemed. Suitable transformations are considered to transform the governing partial differential equations as ordinary ones and then solved by the numerical procedures like shooting and Runge–Kutta method. Graphs are outlined to describe the influence of various dimensionless parameters on the fields of velocity and temperature and observe that there is an enhancement in the field of temperature with the radiation, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, and irregular heat parameters. Also, the Casson parameter has a tendency to suppress the distribution of momentum but an inverse development is noticed for the curvature parameter. Attained outcomes are also compared with the existing literature in the limiting case, and good agreement is perceived.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light the lacunae in the preparedness of healthcare systems across the globe. This preparedness also includes the safety of healthcare providers (HCPs) at various ...levels. Sudden spread of COVID-19 infection has created threatening and vulnerable conditions for the HCPs. The current pandemic situation has not only affected physical health of HCPs but also their mental health.
This study aims to understand the prevalence and severity of secondary traumatic stress, optimism parameters, along with states of mood experienced by the HCPs, viz., doctors, nurses and allied healthcare professionals (including Physiotherapist, Lab technicians, Phlebotomist, dieticians, administrative staff and clinical pharmacist), during the COVID-19 lockdown in India.
The assessment of level of secondary traumatic stress (STS), optimism/pessimism (via Life Orientation Test-Revised) and current mood states experienced by Indian HCPs in the present COVID-19 pandemic situation was done using a primary data of 2,008 HCPs from India during the first lockdown during April-May 2020. Data was collected through snow-ball sampling technique, reaching out to various medical health care professionals through social media platforms.
Amongst the study sample 88.2% of doctors, 79.2 of nurses and 58.6% of allied HCPs were found to have STS in varying severity. There was a female preponderance in the category of Severe STS. Higher optimism on the LOTR scale was observed among doctors at 39.3% followed by nurses at 26.7% and allied health care professionals 22.8%. The mood visual analogue scale which measures the "mood" during the survey indicated moderate mood states without any gender bias in the study sample.
The current investigation sheds light on the magnitude of the STSS experienced by the HCPs in the Indian Subcontinent during the pandemic. This hitherto undiagnosed and unaddressed issue, calls for a dire need of creating better and accessible mental health programmes and facilities for the health care providers in India.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Over 380 host plant species have been known to develop leaf spots as a result of the fungus Alternaria alternata. It is an aspiring pathogen that affects a variety of hosts and causes rots, blights, ...and leaf spots on different plant sections. In this investigation, the lipopeptides from the B. subtilis strains T3, T4, T5, and T6 were evaluated for their antifungal activities. In the genomic DNA, iturin, surfactin, and fengycin genes were found recovered from B. subtilis bacterium by PCR amplification. From different B. subtilis strains, antifungal Lipopeptides were extracted, identified by HPLC, and quantified with values for T3 (24 g/ml), T4 (32 g/ml), T5 (28 g/ml), and T6 (18 g/ml). To test the antifungal activity, the isolated lipopeptides from the B. subtilis T3, T4, T5, and T6 strains were applied to Alternaria alternata at a concentration of 10 g/ml. Lipopeptides were found to suppress Alternaria alternata at rates of T3 (75.14%), T4 (75.93%), T5 (80.40%), and T6 (85.88%). The T6 strain outperformed the other three by having the highest antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata (85.88%).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
EMI shielding: Methods and materials--A review Geetha, S; Satheesh Kumar, K.K; Rao, Chepuri R.K ...
Journal of applied polymer science,
15 May 2009, Letnik:
112, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The growth in the application of electronic devices across a broad spectrum of military, industrial, commercial and consumer sectors has created a new form of pollution known as noise or radio ...frequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can cause interference or malfunctioning of equipment. Therefore, there is a greater need for the effective shielding of components from its adverse effects. This review surveys the shielding materials like metals, conducting plastics and conducting polymers for the control of electromagnetic radiations.
The COVID-19 pandemic is found to affect the mental health of the population. Undergraduate medical students are especially prone to mental health disorders and hence could be more vulnerable to the ...impact of the pandemic.
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 217 undergraduate medical students in a medical college at Chennai, India. Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were recorded using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 Items (DASS21) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in India in December 2019 and June 2020, respectively. In the follow-up survey, in addition to DASS21, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality and a self-administered questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 related stressors were used. The self-administered questionnaire assessed the status of COVID-19 testing, interactions with COVID-19 patients, self-perceived levels of concerns and worries related to academics (COVID-19-AA (academic apprehensions)) and those pertaining to the self and family/friends (COVID-19-GA (general apprehensions)). Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of overall scores of depression, anxiety, and stress and scores stratified by gender, year of study, place of residence and monthly family income were performed. Predictors for depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 were investigated using adjusted binary logistic regression analysis and results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). A
value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The average scores of depression, anxiety, and stress during the baseline survey were 7.55 ± 7.86, 4.6 ± 6.19 and 7.31 ± 7.34 with the prevalence (95% Cl) of 33.2% 27-39.9%, 21.2% 16-27.2% and 20.7% 15.5-26.7%; in follow-up survey, the mean scores were 8.16 ± 8.9, 6.11 ± 7.13 and 9.31 ± 8.18 with the prevalence being 35.5% 29.1-42.2%, 33.2% 27-39.9% and 24.9% 19.3-31.2% for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. There was a significant increase in both the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress (
< 0.001), with depression remaining unchanged during COVID-19, irrespective of gender, year of study, place of residence and family's monthly income. Poor sleep quality, higher levels of baseline depression, anxiety, and stress, higher COVID-19-GA, COVID-19 patients in family/friends and direct interactions with COVID-19 patients were found to be significant predictors of negative mental health in undergraduate medical students. COVID-19-AA was not significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.
The COVID-19 pandemic appears to negatively affect the mental health of the undergraduate medical students with the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress being increased, and depression symptoms remaining unaltered. Addressing and mitigating the negative effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of this population is crucial.
The current research article delivers a numerical study of an electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic nonlinear convection flow of micropolar fluid over a slendering stretching surface. The flow ...is laminar and time independent. The influence of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, non-uniform heat source or sink, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and thermal radiation is deemed. Heat-transfer characteristics are scrutinized with the aid of modified Fourier’s law. We presented simultaneous solutions for a flat surface and variable thickened surface. At first, appropriate similarity transformations are considered to convert the basic partial differential equations as ordinary ones and then solved by the successive application of numerical procedures such as shooting and fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Graphs are delineated to observe the influence of diverse nondimensional parameters on the flow fields. Along with the skin friction coefficient, couple stress coefficient and local Nusselt number are also discussed and bestowed with the support of the table. Results stipulate that the distribution of temperature increases with thermal relaxation and radiation parameters, but a contradictory outcome is spotted for Prandtl number. Also, the microrotation velocity is suppressed with an enhancement in magnetic field parameter, but an opposite trend is observed for buoyancy force.
Recent research about Mitsunobo and other reactions is discussed. The Mitsunobu reaction is an important part in the synthesis of many organic transformations.
•Recent progress in the field of water treatment using nano–sized cellulose and chitosan materials has been reviewed.•A brief account of history and modification methods of nano–sized cellulose and ...chitosan sorbents are provided.•Adsorption capacities of various cellulose and chitosan nanoparticles/composites reported in the literature are listed.•Mechanisms of adsorption of heavy metals and dyes by using the nano–adsorbents have been described.•The relevance and future prospects of cellulose and chitosan nanomaterials are discussed.
This work concerns the investigation of potential candidature of cellulose and chitosan–based nano–sized materials for heavy metals and dyes removal. Cellulose and chitosan being the first two abundant biopolymers in nature offer wide opportunities to be utilized for high–end applications such as water purification. The nano–sized cellulose and nano–sized chitosan present superior adsorption behavior compared to their micro–sized counterparts. This area of research which explores the possible usage of nano–biopolymers is relatively new. The present review article outlines the development history of research in the field of cellulose and chitosan, various methods employed for the functionalization of the biopolymers, current stage of research, and mechanisms involved in adsorption of heavy metals and dyes using nanocellulose and nanochitosan. The significance of research using nano–biopolymers and future prospects are also identified.
Introduction of semi-dwarfism and early maturity in rice cultivars is important to achieve improved plant architecture, lodging resistance and high yield. Gamma rays induced mutations are routinely ...used to achieve these traits. We report the development of a semi-dwarf, early maturing and high-yielding mutant of rice cultivar 'Improved White Ponni', a popular cosmopolitan variety in south India preferred for its superior grain quality traits. Through gamma rays induced mutagenesis, several mutants were developed and subjected to selection up to six generations (M6) until the superior mutants were stabilized. In the M6 generation, significant reduction in days to flowering (up to 11.81% reduction) and plant height (up to 40% reduction) combined with an increase in single plant yield (up to 45.73% increase) was observed in the mutant population. The cooking quality traits viz., linear elongation ratio, breadthwise expansion ratio, gel consistency and gelatinization temperature of the mutants were similar to the parent variety Improved White Ponni. The genetic characterization with SSR markers showed variability between the semi-dwarf-early mutants and the Improved White Ponni. Gibberellin responsiveness study and quantitative real-time PCR showed a faulty gibberellin pathway and epistatic control between the genes such as OsKOL4 and OsBRD2 causing semi-dwarfism in a mutant. These mutants have potential as new rice varieties and can be used as new sources of semi-dwarfism and earliness for improving high grain quality rice varieties.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Metal sulfides are of great interest for future electrode materials in supercapacitor and solar cell applications owing to their superior electrochemical activity and excellent electrical ...conductivity. With this scope, a binary transition metal sulfide (CoS) is prepared via one-step hydrothermal synthesis. Hexagonal phase of CoS with space group of P6
/mmc(194) is confirmed by XRD analysis. Additional cubic Co
S
phase in the prepared sample originates the mixed valence state of Co (Co
and Co
) is affirmed from XPS analysis. Morphological features are visualized using HRSEM images that shows nanoflower shaped star-anise structure. Employing the prepared CoS as active electrode material, interfacial charge transport kinetics is examined by EIS-Nyquist plot. The supercapacitive performances are tested in two and three-electrode system which exhibited respective specific capacitances of 57 F/g and 348 F/g for 1 A/g. Further, the fabricated asymmetric CoS//AC supercapacitor device delivers an appreciable energy density of 15.58 Wh/kg and power density of 700.12 W/kg with excellent cyclic stability of 97.9% and Coulombic efficiency of 95% over 2000 charge-discharge cycles. In addition, dye-sensitized solar cells are fabricated with CoS counter electrode and the obtained power conversion efficiency of 5.7% is comparable with standard platinum based counter electrode (6.45%). Curie-Weiss plot confirms the transition of paramagnetic nature into ferrimagnetic behavior at 85 K and Pauli-paramagnetic nature at 20 K respectively. Temperature dependent resistivity plot affirms the metallic nature of CoS sample till 20 K and transition to semiconducting nature occurs at <20 K owing to Peierl's transition effect.
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