Carbon-based nanomaterials are great choice as reinforcement to Ultra-High Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), with potential use in orthopedics. While high in-plane-stiffness and strength of ...these nanomaterials help in toughening, their weaker out-of-plane integrity offers lubrication. Present study investigates effect of aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on toughening and solid-lubrication efficiency of UHMWPE-matrix. A nominal 0.05–0.1wt.% of CNT addition increases hardness and elastic modulus of UHMWPE by 3–45% and 8–42%, respectively. Higher aspect ratio (HAR) CNTs are found more effective in improving hardness and modulus of UHMWPE. Wear rate and friction-coefficient also increase by 530% and 220%, respectively, while reinforced with HAR CNTs. Thermal analysis shows slight increase in crystallinity and stability of composite. HAR CNTs improve interfacial bonding with matrix, due to their morphological similarity to polymer chains, as compared to low aspect ratio CNT. Aspect ratio of CNTs significantly dominates strengthening and tribological behavior of UHMWPE.
Over the past decades, a multitude of experimental drugs have been shown to delay disease progression in preclinical animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but failed to show efficacy ...in human clinical trials or are still waiting for approval under Phase I–III trials. Riluzole, a glutamatergic neurotransmission inhibitor, is the only drug approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for ALS treatment with modest benefits on survival. Recently, an antioxidant drug, edaravone, developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma was found to be effective in halting ALS progression during early stages. The newly approved drug edaravone is a force multiplier for ALS treatment. This short report provides an overview of the two drugs that have been approved for ALS treatment and highlights an update on the timeline of drug development, how clinical trials were done, the outcome of these trials, primary endpoint, mechanism of actions, dosing information, administration, side effects, and storage procedures. Moreover, we also discussed the pressing issues and challenges of ALS clinical trials and drug developments as well as future outlook.
The semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) module is an emerging technology to harness the solar energy in the building. Nowadays, buildings are turning from energy consumers to energy producers due to ...the integration of the STPV module on the building envelopes and facades. In this research, the STPV module was integrated on the rooftop window of the experimental room at Kovilpatti (9°10′0″ N, 77°52′0″ E), Tamil Nadu, India. The performance of the STPV modules varies with respect to the geographical location, incident solar radiation, and surface temperature of the module. The surface temperature of the STPV module was regulated by the introduction of the mixture of graphene oxide and sodium sulphate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O). The various concentration of the graphene oxide was mixed together with the Na2SO4·10H2O to enhance the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the mixture 0.3 concentration was found to be optimum from the analysis. The instantaneous peak temperature of the semi-transparent photovoltaic phase change material (STPV-PCM) module was reduced to 9 °C during summer compared to the reference STPV. At the same time, the energy conversion efficiency was increased by up to 9.4% compared to the conventional STPV module. Due to the incorporation of the graphene oxide and Na2SO4·10H2O, the daily output power production of the STPV module was improved by 12.16%.
The Electric Vehicle (EV) landscape has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years. The integration of EVs into the grid has increased the demand for power while maintaining the grid's balance ...and efficiency. Demand Side Management (DSM) plays a pivotal role in this system, ensuring that the grid can accommodate the additional load demand without compromising stability or necessitating costly infrastructure upgrades. In this work, a DSM algorithm has been developed with appropriate objective functions and necessary constraints, including the EV load, distributed generation from Solar Photo Voltaic (PV), and Battery Energy Storage Systems. The objective functions are constructed using various optimization strategies, such as the Bat Optimization Algorithm (BOA), African Vulture Optimization (AVOA), Cuckoo Search Algorithm, Chaotic Harris Hawk Optimization (CHHO), Chaotic-based Interactive Autodidact School (CIAS) algorithm, and Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA). This algorithm-based DSM method is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink in different cases and loads, such as residential and Information Technology (IT) sector loads. The results show that the peak load has been reduced from 4.5 MW to 2.6 MW, and the minimum load has been raised from 0.5 MW to 1.2 MW, successfully reducing the gap between peak and low points. Additionally, the performance of each algorithm was compared in terms of the difference between peak and valley points, computation time, and convergence rate to achieve the best fitness value.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This present work contributes to the improvement in thermal energy storage capacity of an all-glass evacuated tube solar water heater by integrating it with a phase change material (PCM) and with a ...nanocomposite phase change material (NCPCM). Paraffin wax as PCM and a nanocomposite of paraffin wax with 1.0 mass% SiO
2
nanoparticles as NCPCM had been used during the experiments. The results were acquired through the real-time experimental measurements on the all-glass evacuated tube solar water heater integrated with built-in thermal energy storage, functioning under thermosyphonic flow. Three different cases, namely, without PCM, with PCM, and with NCPCM, were considered. The testing procedure involved the observation of total temperature variation in the tank water from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 a.m. of next morning. Meanwhile, the water was completely renewed for every 12 h. The system performance was studied using energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and temperature of hot water supply during the next morning, for all the three cases. The investigation exemplifies that the tank water temperature at 6.00 a.m. after one complete day of operation was notably improved to 37 °C and 39.6 °C, respectively, with PCM and NCPCM, whereas it was 33.1 °C for the case without PCM. The energy efficiencies for the three cases were found to be 58.74%, 69.62%, and 74.79%, respectively, and exergy efficiencies of the system were determined as 19.6%, 22.0%, and 24.6%, respectively, for without PCM, with PCM, and with NCPCM. Also, it was evidenced that the thermal conductivity of paraffin wax was considerably increased to 22.78% through the diffusion of SiO
2
nanoparticles. Put together, this indicates that the incorporation of PCM and explicitly the dispersion of SiO
2
nanoparticles in NCPCM had been significantly improved the thermal performance of the system.
Apart from aerosols, contaminated surfaces with SARS-CoV-2 virus are the significant carriers of virus transmission. The disinfection and sanitization of the indoor and outdoor places are one among ...the powerful and effective strategies to avoid the surface-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) through frequent touch and physical contact. Electrostatic spraying is one of the effective and efficient methods to apply the liquid-based sprays on surfaces to be disinfected or sanitized. This technique covers the directly exposed and obscured surfaces uniformly and reaches to hidden areas of the target. In this paper, the design and performance parameters of a motorized pressure-nozzle based handheld electrostatic disinfection device were optimized and the chargeability of ethanol (C2H5OH), formaldehyde (CH2O), glutaraldehyde (C5H8O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phenol (C6H5OH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) has been critically investigated. The chargeability indicator for disinfectants was presented in terms of the charge-to-mass ratio. The significant value of the charge-to-mass ratio of 1.82 mC/kg was achieved at an applied voltage of 2.0 kV, the liquid flow rate and pressure of 28 ml/min and 5 MPa, respectively. The experimental results are well aligned to the proposed theoretical context.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This present work contributes to the improvement in thermal energy storage capacity of an all-glass evacuated tube solar water heater by integrating it with a phase change material (PCM) and with a ...nanocomposite phase change material (NCPCM). Paraffin wax as PCM and a nanocomposite of paraffin wax with 1.0 mass% SiO.sub.2 nanoparticles as NCPCM had been used during the experiments. The results were acquired through the real-time experimental measurements on the all-glass evacuated tube solar water heater integrated with built-in thermal energy storage, functioning under thermosyphonic flow. Three different cases, namely, without PCM, with PCM, and with NCPCM, were considered. The testing procedure involved the observation of total temperature variation in the tank water from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 a.m. of next morning. Meanwhile, the water was completely renewed for every 12 h. The system performance was studied using energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and temperature of hot water supply during the next morning, for all the three cases. The investigation exemplifies that the tank water temperature at 6.00 a.m. after one complete day of operation was notably improved to 37 °C and 39.6 °C, respectively, with PCM and NCPCM, whereas it was 33.1 °C for the case without PCM. The energy efficiencies for the three cases were found to be 58.74%, 69.62%, and 74.79%, respectively, and exergy efficiencies of the system were determined as 19.6%, 22.0%, and 24.6%, respectively, for without PCM, with PCM, and with NCPCM. Also, it was evidenced that the thermal conductivity of paraffin wax was considerably increased to 22.78% through the diffusion of SiO.sub.2 nanoparticles. Put together, this indicates that the incorporation of PCM and explicitly the dispersion of SiO.sub.2 nanoparticles in NCPCM had been significantly improved the thermal performance of the system.
•Non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet for the MB degradation.•Best activity in argon plasma jet due to highest amounts of H2O2.•Enhanced activity in the presence of iron sulfate due to Fenton ...reactions.•Dye degradation followed first order kinetics.
Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma jet has been designed and tested for the removal a model aqueous organic pollutant methylene blue. Typical results indicated the best performance of argon plasma jet when compared to plasma jet operated in air and nitrogen gas. The best performance of argon plasma jet is due to the formation of the highest amount of hydrogen peroxide. Addition of iron catalyst improved the performance of the system, probably due to Fenton reaction leading to the formation of hydroxyl radical, a powerful oxidant capable of mineralizing methylene blue.
•Wavy vertical wall microchannel configuration reduce flow boiling instability•Increased waviness leads to smaller confined bubbles unlike straight microchannel•Substrate material and its thickness ...influence bubble size and flow pattern•Mostly mist vapor and dispersed bubbly flow patterns observed in wavy microchannel
Three-dimensional numerical study on two-phase flow boiling in rectangular microchannel with wavy vertical wall configuration is considered that can be utilized for heat dissipation in high flux electronics devices. Straight and wavy microchannels are considered for comparison and analysis. Under conjugate heat transfer situation, effect of flow boiling instability in straight and wavy microchannel is numerically studied using water as the working fluid. Behaviour of bubble growth rate and two-phase flow pattern in straight and wavy microchannel are investigated for a wide range of parameters such as waviness (γ ~ 0 - 0.267), substrate thickness to channel height ratio (δsf ~ 1 and 5), wall to fluid conductivity ratio (ksf ~ 22 - 646), and mass flux (G ~ 118 - 590 kg/m2s). It is found that smaller bubbles are formed in wavy microchannel while confined and elongated bubbles are formed in straight microchannel which often causes flow clogging and premature dryout. The work also presents a comparative analysis between single-phase and two-phase flow boiling cooling technique in straight and wavy microchannel under same geometrical parameters and applied heat flux.
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The outbreak of Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a serious health threat. The increasing number of COVID-19 ...cases around the world is overwhelming hospitals and pushing the global death toll to over 746,000, which has pushed the sprint to find new treatment options. In this article, we reviewed the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, transmission, and potential treatment strategies.
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