This paper presents a comprehensive review of the work done, during the 1968–2005, in the application of statistical and intelligent techniques to solve the bankruptcy prediction problem faced by ...banks and firms. The review is categorized by taking the type of technique applied to solve this problem as an important dimension. Accordingly, the papers are grouped in the following families of techniques: (i) statistical techniques, (ii) neural networks, (iii) case-based reasoning, (iv) decision trees, (iv) operational research, (v) evolutionary approaches, (vi) rough set based techniques, (vii) other techniques subsuming fuzzy logic, support vector machine and isotonic separation and (viii) soft computing subsuming seamless hybridization of all the above-mentioned techniques. Of particular significance is that in each paper, the review highlights the source of data sets, financial ratios used, country of origin, time line of study and the comparative performance of techniques in terms of prediction accuracy wherever available. The review also lists some important directions for future research.
The Lotka‐Volterra (LV) system is an interesting mathematical model because of its significant and wide applications in biological sciences and ecology. A fractional LV model in the Caputo sense is ...investigated in this paper. Namely, we provide a comparative study of the considered model using Haar wavelet and Adams‐Bashforth‐Moulton methods. For the first method, the Haar wavelet operational matrix of the fractional order integration is derived and used to solve the fractional LV model. The main characteristic of the operational method is to convert the considered model into an algebraic equation which is easy to solve. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods, some numerical tests are provided.
In this paper, Mahua seed oil was transesterified with methanol using acid and alkaline catalyst process to obtain Mahua Methyl Ester. The chemical composition and physical properties of MME were ...tested. Experimental tests were investigated to study the performance, combustion and emission on computerized single cylinder CI diesel engine fueled with diesel and B20 (20% (vol.) of MME biodiesel + 80% (vol.) of diesel) along with each of the three nozzles has 3 injection holes, with the aperture of Ø = 0.20 mm (modified), Ø = 0.28 mm (base), and Ø = 0.31 mm (modified). The engine performance, combustion and emission is examined by measuring BSFC, BTE, In-cylinder pressure, MGT, HRR, CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity. The authentic results were observed by using B20 and smaller orifice NHD. It is observed that smaller orifice NHD improves the air-fuel mixing, atomization, and vaporization which leads to shorter combustion duration. The B20 fuel showed better results such as performance at lower side of partial loads, combustion and emissions than the baseline diesel. The combination of B20 with smaller orifice NHD has shown appreciable results in performance, combustion and emissions. But, the only drawback was NOx is found to be increased.
•The diesel engine is modified with each of the three nozzles has 3 injection holes, with the aperture of Ø = 0.20 mm (modified), Ø = 0.28 mm (base), and Ø = 0.31 mm (modified) and was tested with diesel and mahua biodiesel blended fuel.•The plantation of mahua tree is very much essential in a future generation.•The physical properties and chemical composition of biodiesel are seen to be more effective.•The B20 with smaller orifices NHD are agreed to be more successful in combustion performance and emissions.•During the process with B20 and smaller orifice NHD, it's implementing the NOx formation highly.
Growing demand of fuel in daily life and its risk cause serious problem for this globe. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this review article there is a comparative study to find ...out the effects of additives for biodiesel fuel and efforts to recover the combustion and performance and to diminish the emissions. By using biodiesel, there are most disadvantages such as higher density, lesser heating value, high fuel consumption and high oxides of nitrogen. To avoid above disadvantages, the fuel additives help in playing a very important role in minimizing the drawbacks of biodiesel and in maintaining international fuel standards. Additives can be considered toward to improve combustion, fuel economy and to decrease the emissions. Many different types of additives are applied in biodiesel to meet the specification standards and to recover the quality of biodiesel. The metal based additives, cetane number additives, antioxidant additives and oxygenated additives help in improving the quality of the biodiesel. From this literature review, the effects of additive on biodiesel are explained. The reviews conclude that the uses of additive to the 2nd generation of biodiesel are the best in improving the combustion performance and emission reduction.
SARS-CoV-2 was reported to induce cell fusions to form multinuclear syncytia that might facilitate viral replication, dissemination, immune evasion, and inflammatory responses. In this study, we have ...reported the types of cells involved in syncytia formation at different stages of COVID-19 disease through electron microscopy.
Bronchoalveolar fluids from the mild (n = 8, SpO2 > 95%, no hypoxia, within 2-8 days of infection), moderate (n = 8, SpO2 90% to ≤ 93% on room air, respiratory rate ≥ 24/min, breathlessness, within 9-16 days of infection), and severe (n = 8, SpO2 < 90%, respiratory rate > 30/min, external oxygen support, after 17th days of infection) COVID-19 patients were examined by PAP (cell type identification), immunofluorescence (for the level of viral infection), scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to identify the syncytia.
Immunofluorescence studies (S protein-specific antibodies) from each syncytium indicate a very high infection level. We could not find any syncytial cells in mildly infected patients. However, identical (neutrophils or type 2 pneumocytes) and heterotypic (neutrophils-monocytes) plasma membrane initial fusion (indicating initiation of fusion) was observed under TEM in moderately infected patients. Fully matured large-size (20-100 μm) syncytial cells were found in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS-like) patients of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophage origin under SEM.
This ultrastructural study on the syncytial cells from COVID-19 patients sheds light on the disease's stages and types of cells involved in the syncytia formations. Syncytia formation was first induced in type II pneumocytes by homotypic fusion and later with haematopoetic cells (monocyte and neutrophils) by heterotypic fusion in the moderate stage (9-16 days) of the disease. Matured syncytia were reported in the late phase of the disease and formed large giant cells of 20 to 100 μm.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The contemporary environmental-stewardship programmes primarily aimed at curbing the global warming potential by adopting a multidisciplinary approach. Manipulating the feeding strategies has great ...potential in reducing the environmental footprints of livestock production. This study intends to assess the effect of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with varying levels of coated urea (SRU) on both zoo-technical (nutrient digestibility, heat increment, and physio-biochemical parameters) and environmental attributes. The coated urea was used to replace the SBM at 0, 25, 50, and 75 percent levels. Eight adult rams (43.02 ± 0.76) maintained in a conventional shed were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Not all the physiological parameters viz. rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate were affected (P>0.05)f by varying levels of SRU incorporation. The SRU fed animals had higher (P<0.05) crude protein digestibility compared to SBM fed animals; however, the replacements did not affect the nutrient digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, NFC, NDFap, ADF, and hemicellulose components. The SRU did not affect various biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, Ca, P and T3, and T4 levels; however, post-prandial serum urea N (SUN) values showed a diurnal quadratic pattern (P<0.05) with a dose-dependent relationship. Further, the SBM replacements had no effect on the calcium excretion, while the SRU incorporation decreased the faecal phosphorous content, thereby abating the eutrophication phenomenon. Although the SBM replacements did not affect in vivo water variables and faecal solid fractions, they managed to decrease the land and virtual water requirement along with global warming potential (GWP) of the entire trial. The GWP-perceptual map unveils the fact that replacement of conventional feed ingredients with NPN compounds aids in eco-friendly livestock production. Further, the conjectural analysis of the carbon footprint methodology revealed that agricultural by-products consideration could cause a huge increase in the GWP share of feed consumed, thus compelling the importance of research pertaining to feed production perspective as equal as ruminal methane amelioration.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Novel high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) approaches are needed to advance the understanding of genotype-to-phenotype and accelerate plant breeding. The first generation of HTP has examined simple ...spectral reflectance traits from images and sensors but is limited in advancing our understanding of crop development and architecture. Lodging is a complex trait that significantly impacts yield and quality in many crops including wheat. Conventional visual assessment methods for lodging are time-consuming, relatively low-throughput, and subjective, limiting phenotyping accuracy and population sizes in breeding and genetics studies. Here, we demonstrate the considerable power of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) or drone-based phenotyping as a high-throughput alternative to visual assessments for the complex phenological trait of lodging, which significantly impacts yield and quality in many crops including wheat. We tested and validated quantitative assessment of lodging on 2,640 wheat breeding plots over the course of 2 years using differential digital elevation models from UAS. High correlations of digital measures of lodging to visual estimates and equivalent broad-sense heritability demonstrate this approach is amenable for reproducible assessment of lodging in large breeding nurseries. Using these high-throughput measures to assess the underlying genetic architecture of lodging in wheat, we applied genome-wide association analysis and identified a key genomic region on chromosome 2A, consistent across digital and visual scores of lodging. However, these associations accounted for a very minor portion of the total phenotypic variance. We therefore investigated whole genome prediction models and found high prediction accuracies across populations and environments. This adequately accounted for the highly polygenic genetic architecture of numerous small effect loci, consistent with the previously described complex genetic architecture of lodging in wheat. Our study provides a proof-of-concept application of UAS-based phenomics that is scalable to tens-of-thousands of plots in breeding and genetic studies as will be needed to uncover the genetic factors and increase the rate of gain for complex traits in crop breeding.
A silver tetrafluoroborate catalyzed domino cycloisomerization-vinylogous aldol addition sequence on a multifunctional substrate such as ortho-alkynylbenzaldehydes yielding functionalized ...1H-isochromenes in a single step with high yield and excellent diastereoselectivity (>19 : 1) is described. The reaction was well tolerated by alkyl, aryl, and unsubstituted alkynylbenzaldehydes, and furnished selective 6-endo-dig adducts exclusively without loss in the regio- as well as diastereoselectivity.
A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor is reported for glucose detection using carbon nanotubes grown in situ at low temperatures on photolithographically defined gold microelectrode arrays ...printed on a glass substrate (CNTs/Au MEA). One of the main advantages of the present design is its potential to monitor 64 samples individually for the detection of glucose. The selectivity of the fabricated MEA towards glucose detection is achieved via modification of CNTs/Au MEA by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GO
x
) enzyme in the matrix of poly (paraphenylenediamine) (GO
x
/poly (p-PDA)/CNTs/Au MEA). The electrocatalytic and electrochemical responses of the proposed sensing platform towards glucose determination were examined via cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The developed impedimetric biosensor exhibits a good linear response towards glucose detection, i.e., 0.2–27.5 µM concentration range with sensitivity and detection limits of 168.03 kΩ
−1
M
−1
and 0.2 ± 0.0014 μM, respectively. The proposed glucose biosensor shows excellent reproducibility, good anti-interference property, and was successfully tested in blood serum samples. Further, the applicability of the proposed sensor was successfully validated through HPLC. These results supported the viability of using such devices for the simultaneous detection of multiple electroactive biomolecules of physiological relevance.
Graphical Abstract
•Established in-vitro &in-vivo metabolite profile of GSK-9089.•Characterized the unknown metabolites by HRMS.•Established biotransformation pathway of GSK-9089.
Estrogen related receptors (ERRs) ...agonist GSK-9089 (DY-131) reported to pose a potential in increasing exercise endurance. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) based analysis has utmost importance in the detection, identification, or characterization of a molecule including its metabolites in human body. In this study, in vitro metabolism profile of GSK-9089 was investigated after incubation with liver microsomes and S9 fractions. Additionally, in vivo metabolites of the molecule were identified in plasma, urine, and faeces samples of rats. Structures of all the potential metabolites were revealed by employing an in silico tool and HRMS based analysis through data-dependent and data-independent mining strategies. Nine unknown metabolites of GSK-9089 have been identified which were found to be present in a trace amount in in vivo matrices. Most of the in vitro and in vivo phase I metabolites of the molecule were formed after imine bond hydrolysis followed by deamidation, oxidation, and N-oxidation. The molecule underwent phase II metabolism to generate more polar metabolites mainly through glucuronide, sulfate conjugation biotransformation reactions. The in vitro and in vivo metabolites of GSK-9089 could be useful to identify the abuse of this ERRs agonist in the future.
PDF
