A BSTRACT The role of the Academy of Family Physicians of India (AFPI) has been vital in promoting family medicine in India. Through its various initiatives, the AFPI has worked to enhance the ...quality of healthcare services, support the professional development of family physicians, and advocate for policies that recognize and strengthen the role of primary care in the healthcare system. By fostering education, research, and collaboration, the AFPI is working toward a healthcare system where everyone can access comprehensive and continuous primary care. This paper summarizes the vision, mission, goals, and objectives of AFPI.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In 2012, India Today, a news agency, reported that 'Family Physicians are dying silent death' in India. The number of practicing family physicians is declining rapidly in the most populous country in ...the world with pressing public health needs. The previous generation of general practitioners/family physicians/family doctors has entered the age group of the seventies and eighties in both urban and rural areas. Unfortunately, no new family physician is opening the practice in these areas. The recent COVID pandemic has clearly demonstrated the ongoing need, demand, and popularity of family physicians among the general public as first-contact dependable and trustworthy doctors. While it may be an enigma why MBBS doctors are no longer opting to become family physicians, to the experts of this domain, it is not a surprise. To outside observers, this phenomenon may appear to be an outcome of changing times, the expansion of medical sciences, new emerging career choices for medical students, or competition within the healthcare market. However, a closer study reveals that the decline of family physician services in India is not a default situation but an outcome of decades of institutional neglect and perhaps a deliberate exclusion. According to the recently released National Medical Commission (NMC) draft curriculum 2023, the undergraduate medical education program is designed with the national goal of creating an "Indian Medical Graduate" possessing the requisite knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and responsiveness so that she or he may function appropriately and effectively as a PHYSICIAN OF FIRST CONTACT of the community while being globally relevant. However, we are disappointed to note that the Family Medicine subject (discipline of family physicians) component has been entirely excluded from the draft of the MBBS curriculum. The words such as 'Family medicine', 'Family Physician', 'General practitioners', and 'Family Practice' have not even been mentioned in the entire 83 pages of the draft MBBS curriculum document. This is not an inadvertent occurrence or a default situation. The erstwhile MCI, the Medical Council of India, played a significant role in diminishing the role of family physicians in the Indian health system. It is to be seen if the NMC is able to reverse this trend by easing the regulatory restrictions on family physicians/family medicine training by including it in the MBBS course.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Family medicine is the academic discipline, knowledge domain and specialty of family physicians or family doctors globally. Family medicine is rapidly developing in India amidst resistance and ...criticism. Many opponents identify family medicine as a western concept and argue for its non suitability for implementation in India. Family medicine or family physician is not a new concept for the Indian people. The family doctor concept originated in India from the community-based Vaidya system - an ancient old tradition of the Indian civilisation. A 'Vaidya' typically refers to a local physician engaging with the population. The Vaidya used to provide personalised care and primary medical care to individuals and families. The Vaidya remained the 'Family Physician', and this identity and profession has an unbreeched association of more than several millennia with the Indian population. It is to be noted that all the goals of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) training in India, the aspirations, skills and competencies for trainees, as defined by the National Medical Commission (NMC), can be identified as the academic discipline and vocation of family physicians. However, family medicine has not yet been included as a distinct and mandatory subject for MBBS students by the NMC. The demand for personalised health care within the community by the family doctors has never diminished but has only been artificially restricted. Family physicians contribute significantly to the promotion of health, prevention of diseases and the management of various health conditions in the Indian context. We look forward to the integration of family physician and family doctor concepts within the mainstream medical education system. It is expected that family medicine will become part of MBBS curriculum as promulgated in the NMC Act 2019.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Every year, Nobel prizes are announced, recognizing the unique contributions of individuals and organizations across the globe. Currently, India hosts the largest medical education system in the ...world with 650 medical colleges spread all over India and capacity to train 100,000 MBBS medical doctors a year. India is also a hub of cost-effective pharmaceutical industries and dubbed as the 'pharmacy of the world'. However, the cost of care is still out of reach of a large section of the population. If India is to become a global economic power, such aspirations cannot be solely based on the consumer market-driven economy but on achieving supremacy in 'new knowledge' creation as well. The research capacity needs to be optimized and capable of translating research work into the domestic monopoly and control over newer knowledge, technologies, products, and services for global consumers. Cost of care for more than 1 billion people, even if it is through universal health coverage, can be significantly reduced by supporting research activities and creating domestic intellectual properties in the healthcare sector.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Letters to the editor are not often considered high in the publication hierarchy but they contribute immensely to the growth and development of any discipline and scientific examination. In many ...academic settings, letters to editors are not accounted for promotion and career advancement. However, letter to editor publications by active readers are no lesser contribution to science and they should be considered of equal stature and at par with other published manuscript types.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The environmental performance of machining operations can significantly be improved by reducing energy consumption of machine tools. The present research work focuses on the optimization of foremost ...energy consumption response parameters viz. energy efficiency (EE), active energy consumed by the machine (AECM) and power factor (PF). The consideration of PF as an important energy consumption response parameter becomes essential as the electricity boards/suppliers put penalties on the manufacturing units, if the PF is low. The optimization of PF can also reduce the cost of installation of PF correction equipment besides reduction in penalties. An experimental analysis is carried out for the CNC rough turning of EN 353 alloy steel with multi-layer coated tungsten carbide insert. The effect of important input process variables viz. cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius along with their interactions has been studied on these energy consumption response parameters. The Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array is used for design of experiments and to optimize the response parameters using MINITAB 16 software. The results reveal that optimum turning conditions for the PF and EE are same and occur at 248.69 m/min. cutting speed, 0.3 mm/rev. feed rate, 1.8 mm depth of cut and 0.8 mm nose radius. The optimized control factors setting for AECM are 248.69 m/min. cutting speed, 0.3 mm/rev. feed rate, 1 mm depth of cut and nose radius 1.2 mm. Results of ANOVA, have shown that the depth of cut is the most dominant input process parameter for PF and EE, and feed rate be the dominating vital parameter for reduction of the AECM. The nose radius does not contribute too much for energy consumption response parameters. The interactions between most of input variables are also not significant for energy consumption response parameters. At optimum turning conditions for each significant energy consumption response parameter viz. EE, AECM and PF achieved in the present study, there is an improvement of 61.776%, 57.025% and 7.49%, respectively compared to turning conditions in common use for rough turning.
•Energy efficiency, active energy consumed by machine tools and power factor are most significant energy consumption responses.•Electricity boards/suppliers put penalties on the manufacturing units, if the power factor is low.•Depth of cut found to be most important for power factor and energy efficiency, and feed rate for active energy consumed by machine.•Nose radius does not contribute too much for energy consumption response parameters.•At optimum turning conditions there was a significant improvement in energy consumption responses for rough turning.
Each year, millions of tons of electronic waste (or e-waste) are generated worldwide, thus, fueling concerns among scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and governments about e-waste recycling and ...management. The past few years have witnessed a growing interest among scholars to examine the behavioral issues concerning e-waste recycling. However, most of the existing studies have focused on adopting e-waste recycling and related innovations. It is already known that ‘reasons for’ and ‘reasons against’ the adoption of any innovation are quantitatively different. The current study bridges this gap by utilizing a novel consumer behavior framework called behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) to study e-waste recycling attitudes and intentions. The study examined the relative influence of ‘reasons for’ and ‘reasons against’ in predicting attitude and intentions within the context of e-waste recycling by using a single framework. The developed model was tested using structural equation modeling with 774 Japanese consumers. The study also examined the moderating role of environmental assessment and environmental concerns in influencing the studied associations. The results suggest that ‘reasons for’ was positively associated with attitude and intentions. The consumer values shared negative associations only with ‘reasons against.’ The study findings offer interesting insights for service providers, policymakers, and governments.
•A first empirical study to examine the behavioral reasoning perspectives on e-waste recycling.•An attitude shared a significant positive association with intentions to recycling e-waste.•‘Reasons for’ shared a significant positive association with attitude and intentions to recycling e-waste.•‘Reasons against’ shared a significant negative association with intentions to recycling e-waste.•Environment awareness positively moderated the associations between reasons, attitude, and intentions.
Public Health has always been important for the general public, governments, and governance as it deals with the objective of improving population health through prevention, promotion, and health ...education. Public Health is defined as "the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts of society" (Acheson, 1988; WHO). The COVID 19 pandemic has brought a focus on the concept of public health more than ever. Independent departments of Public Health do not exist at medical colleges in India. Public health is a multidisciplinary domain. The body of knowledge is cross-cutting and multidimensional in nature. Public health education is optimal only with the contribution of the participating faculty from different educational and professional backgrounds. Lack of strong public health academics may adversely impact the capacity to formulate indigenous public health policy. In many parts of the developing world, public health policies are heavily influenced by the knowledge developed by the western universities within the domain of global health. Global health policies and goals become synonymous with national health goals. For the democratic republic of India, there is an urgent need to strengthen the public health education system so that the future challenges of health, safety, economy, security can be met The National Medical Commission (NMC) has invited comments on the draft postgraduate medical education regulations 2021. It is an apt opportunity to fundamentally reform public health education in India.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
India currently hosts the largest medical education system in the world with 650 medical colleges and 98613 MBBS (undergraduate) training seats. The reasons for Indian Medical Graduate's ...international migration and internal distribution within India have been multifactorial. There are push factors (with India) as well as pull factors (international host countries). Almost the same reasons are implied to the distribution and availability of the medical workforce geographically within India. To address the regional disparities in medical education and the availability of human resources in health, the policy of establishing one medical college in each district in India was initiated. Impressive progress has been achieved so far. However, the policymakers must look at it critically to be able to steer this project towards meeting the public health objectives of the country in the coming century. The discussion must include arguments on the type of doctor India needs. Indian can no longer afford the policy of having many cardiologists as compared to miniscule number of trained family physicians. All specialist system is being perused at the cost of a generalist health system. This paper critically looks at the district medical college scheme and exponential growth in the number of medical seats in India. Statistical success alone cannot address the public health needs and medical care of the Indian population. The creation of the National Medical Commission (NMC) has eased the criteria for recognition of new medical colleges; however, several limitations of the Medical Council of India are being carried forward within the functioning of NMC. Unless, there is a focus on creating employment and retaining medical graduates within the health system, it is worthless producing millions of them.
The shortfall of human resources in health has resulted in skewing the distribution of health workers such that vulnerable populations in rural, tribal, and hilly areas continue to be extremely ...underserved. To address the regional disparities in medical education and availability of human resources in health, the policy of establishing one medical college at each district in India was initiated. The situation of human resources in health remains inadequate. To address the regional disparities in medical education and availability of human resources in health, the policy of establishing one medical college at each district in India was initiated. Impressive progress has been made during the past few years with respect to opening new medical colleges in the area of need across geographical coverage.
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