Chromothripsis is a form of genomic instability characterized by the occurrence of tens to hundreds of clustered DNA double‐strand breaks in a one‐off catastrophic event. Rearrangements associated ...with chromothripsis are detectable in numerous tumor entities and linked with poor prognosis in some of these, such as Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. Hence, there is a need for therapeutic strategies eliminating tumor cells with chromothripsis. Defects in DNA double‐strand break repair, and in particular homologous recombination repair, have been linked with chromothripsis. Targeting DNA repair deficiencies by synthetic lethality approaches, we performed a synergy screen using drug libraries (n = 375 compounds, 15 models) combined with either a PARP inhibitor or cisplatin. This revealed a synergistic interaction between the HDAC inhibitor romidepsin and PARP inhibition. Functional assays, transcriptome analyses and in vivo validation in patient‐derived xenograft mouse models confirmed the efficacy of the combinatorial treatment.
What's new?
Chromothripsis is a type of genomic instability in which hundreds of chromosomal rearrangements occur at once. In certain tumor types, including medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma, chromothripsis is associated with poor prognosis. Here, the authors screened for drug pairs that target and kill tumor cells with chromothripsis while sparing cells that have functional DNA repair. Their screen uncovered a strong synergistic interaction between the HDAC inhibitor romidepsin and PARP inhibitors. Combination therapy worked well to stop tumor growth and induce apoptosis in patient‐derived xenografts.
Hard abrasives such as silica and ceria can cause surface scratches and other defects in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). In order to address this concern, softer polymer particles have been ...investigated as abrasives and/or complexing agents in CMP slurries. In the present study, material removal rates (MRRs) of four different back end of line (BEOL) materials were measured using slurries containing different concentrations of polymer particles using two types of polishing pads, and the interactions of the nanoparticles in the slurry with the pads were characterized. Coefficient of friction measurements were performed in situ during polishing and the surface quality was studied before and after CMP using optical profilometry. Interestingly, an increase in the concentration of the polymer nanoparticles in the slurry resulted in an increase in the MRR for two of the four substrates evaluated, but a decrease in MRR for other two substrates. These changes were found to be related to the measured friction coefficients in the presence of the polymer particles. The goal of this work was to develop a mechanistic understanding of these effects. The latex based slurries were found to significantly improve surface quality during the polishing of III-V substrate materials, such as InP and InGaAs. The advent of new technology nodes with feature sizes below 10 nm has heightened the importance of avoiding or minimizing surface defect formation (defectivity) during CMP. The second part of this talk will focus on understanding, characterizing, and reducing substrate defectivity. The III-V semiconductors are attractive as high mobility channel materials for fast nMOS transistors. Multiple CMP steps are usually required in the incorporation of these materials in device architectures. In our study on optimizing materials chemistry and process variables for CMP of 300-mm III-V blanket wafers, a systematic characterization and understanding of a range of surface defects became necessary, in addition to measuring the MRRs. Towards this end, a method based on high resolution optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy for characterizing these defects was developed and will be discussed.
Background and Aims
Airway management in children with oral cleft surgery carries unique challenges, concerning the proximity of the surgical site and the tracheal tube. We hypothesized that using a ...Microcuff oral RAE tube would reduce tube exchange and migration rate. We aimed to compare the performance of Microsoft and uncuffed oral performed tracheal tubes in children undergoing cleft palate surgeries regarding the rate of tracheal tube exchange, endobronchial intubation, and ventilatory parameters.
Methods
One hundred children scheduled for cleft palate surgery were randomized into two groups. In the uncuffed group (n = 50), the tracheal tube was selected using the Modified Coles formula, and in the Microcuff (n = 50) group, the manufacturer's recommendations were followed. Intraoperatively, we compared the primary outcome of tube exchange using the chi‐square test. The leak pressure and ventilatory parameters after head extension and mouth gag application were measured in both groups.
Results
The tracheal tube exchange rate was significantly lower in the Microcuff group (0/50) than in uncuffed (19/50) preformed tubes (0 vs. 38% respectively; p <.001). The uncuffed and Microcuff tracheal tube were comparable concerning ventilation parameters and leak pressure of finally placed tubes (17.78 ± 3.95 vs. 19.26 ± 3.81 cm H2O respectively, with a mean difference (95% CI) of −1.48 (−0.01–2.98); p‐value =0.059. Cuff pressure did not vary significantly during the initial hour, and the incidence of postoperative airway morbidity between uncuffed and Microcuff tube was comparable, 5/50 (10%) versus 7/50 (14%) with risk ratio (95% CI) of 0.71(0.24–2.1), p value .49.
Conclusion
Microcuff oral preformed tubes performed better than uncuffed tubes regarding tube exchange during cleft palate surgery.
SARS COV 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) has created a global health emergency worldwide due to public health crisis and life-threatening situation. According to a recent study ...it has been reported that the virus was found originated in animal and transmitted to humans through a food chain. First case was reported in Wuhan-china on December 2019, In this review we have enlightened on different aspects of novel coronavirus 2019 and measure to combat the battle against the novel corona virus 2019.
Blood Glucose level approximation using IOT and ANN's Khan, Imran Nazeerulla; H.U., Sunil Kumar; B.A., Lavanya ...
2019 3rd International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC),
2019-March
Conference Proceeding
The blood glucose monitoring system was developed to monitor the diabetes, this system consist of sensor unit to get the blood glucose level and then the information unit consists of GPRS which is ...primarily used to exchange the values to the IOT, ANN and user. ANN is basically used to obtain the projected blood glucose level's approximation.
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