The objective of this work is to find the influence of fiber content, stacking pattern, and their sequence on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. Hybrid composites in four varieties with ...five laminae containing different stacking sequences of jute/madar/glass fibers were fabricated using hand-layup technique with glass fiber woven mats as their skin layers that just enclose bio-fibers oriented horizontally. The stacking sequences were GJMJG, GMJMG, GJGJG and GMGMG where G, J, and M represents glass fiber mats, jute, and madar fibers, respectively. The fibers in the core layer were oriented perpendicular to the enclosing adjacent plies and they may be jute/madar fibers depending on the stacking sequence. Load Vs deflection curves show that stress and strain were linear and all the samples fail abruptly except the sample that contains high proportion of madar fibers. Jute fiber layers imparted more strength and energy-absorbing capacity, whilst madar fiber layers imparted more strain and toughness to the composites. Studies showed that intercalation of glass fiber mats as the core and skin layers exhibited a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the composites than other samples. The morphology of the fractured samples exhibited compatibility between matrix and reinforcements.
Early diagnosis and ultrahigh sample throughput screening are the need of the hour to control the geological spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional laboratory tests such as enzyme-linked ...immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and computed tomography are implemented for the detection of COVID-19. However, they are limited by the laborious sample collection and processing procedures, longer wait time for test results and skilled technicians to operate sophisticated facilities. In this context, the point of care (PoC) diagnostic platform has proven to be the prospective approach in addressing the abovementioned challenges. This review emphasizes the mechanism of viral infection spread detailing the host-virus interaction, pathophysiology, and the recent advances in the development of affordable PoC diagnostic platforms for rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. First, the well-established optical and electrochemical biosensors are discussed. Subsequently, the recent advances in the development of PoC biosensors, including lateral flow immunoassays and other emerging techniques, are highlighted. Finally, a focus on integrating nanotechnology with wearables and smartphones to develop smart nanobiosensors is outlined, which could promote COVID-19 diagnosis accessible to both individuals and the mass population at patient care.
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•Emphasizing the huge demand for affordable point of care diagnostic tools to control the global COVID-19 pandemic.•Highlighting the recent advances in the development of PoC based optical and electrochemical biosensors.•Reviewed the application of wearables and smart nanobiosensors for real time monitoring of COVID-19.
Inflammation is a comprehensive array of physiological response to a foreign organism, including human pathogens, dust particles, and viruses. Inflammations are mainly divided into acute and chronic ...inflammation depending on various inflammatory processes and cellular mechanisms. Recent investigations have clarified that inflammation is a major factor for the progression of various chronic diseases/disorders, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, eye disorders, arthritis, obesity, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. Free radical productions from different biological and environmental sources are due to an imbalance of natural antioxidants which further leads to various inflammatory associated diseases. In this review article, we have outlined the inflammatory process and its cellular mechanisms involved in the progression of various chronic modern human diseases. In addition, we have discussed the role of free radicals-induced tissue damage, antioxidant defence, and molecular mechanisms in chronic inflammatory diseases/disorders. The systematic knowledge regarding the role of inflammation and its associated adverse effects can provide a clear understanding in the development of innovative therapeutic targets from natural sources that are intended for suppression of various chronic inflammations associated diseases.
The recognition of human activities has become a dominant emerging research problem and widely covered application areas in surveillance, wellness management, healthcare, and many more. In real life, ...the activity recognition is a challenging issue because human beings are often performing the activities not only simple but also complex and heterogeneous in nature. Most of the existing approaches are addressing the problem of recognizing only simple straightforward activities (e.g. walking, running, standing, sitting, etc.). Recognizing the complex and heterogeneous human activities are a challenging research problem whereas only a limited number of existing works are addressing this issue. In this paper, we proposed a novel Deep-HAR model by ensembling the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for recognizing the simple, complex, and heterogeneous type activities. Here, the CNNs are used for extracting the features whereas RNNs are used for finding the useful patterns in time-series sequential data. The activities recognition performance of the proposed model was evaluated using three different publicly available datasets, namely WISDM, PAMAP2, and KU-HAR. Through extensive experiments, we have demonstrated that the proposed model performs well in recognizing all types of activities and has achieved an accuracy of 99.98%, 99.64%, and 99.98% for simple, complex, and heterogeneous activities respectively.
Presently, tissue engineering approaches have been focused toward finding new potential scaffolds with osteoconductivity on bone-disease-affected cells. This work focused on the cisplatin ...(CDDP)-loaded graphene oxide (GO)/hydroxyapatite (HAP)/chitosan (CS) composite for enhancing the growth of osteoblast cells and prevent the development of osteosarcoma cells. The prepared composites were characterized for the confirmation of composite formation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. A flowerlike morphology was observed for the GO/HAP/CS-3/CDDP composite. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to observe the controlled release of CDDP from the GO/HAP/CS-3/CDDP composite, and 67.34% of CDDP was released from the composite over a time period of 10 days. The GO/HAP/CS-3/CDDP nanocomposites showed higher viability in comparison with GO/HAP/CS-3 on MG63 osteoblast-like cells and higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells (A549). The synthesized composite was found to show enhanced proliferative, adhesive, and osteoinductive effects on the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast-like cells. Our results suggested that the CDDP-loaded GO/HAP/CS-3 nanocomposite has an immense prospective as a bone tissue replacement in the bone-cancer-affected tissues.
This report scrutinized the influence of radiation and Ohmic heating on the dissipative flow of micropolar and hybrid nanofluid within an inclined length Formula: see text channel under convective ...boundary conditions. Primary flow equations are renewed as the system of NODEs with the assistance of proper similarity conversions. In two circumstances, hybrid fluid flow and micropolar fluid flow, a blend of shooting and Runge-Kutta 4th order strategy, is used to achieve the desired results. The critical consequences of the current study are Larger pressure gradient minimizes the fluid velocity, and a more significant inertia parameter minimizes the rotation profile in the case of Newtonian fluid flow but facilitates the same in the case of hybrid nanofluid flow. It is perceived that the escalation in Brinkmann number causes the amelioration in the fluid temperature, and the radiation parameter mitigates the same. Furthermore, it is discovered that the Grashoff number enhances the Bejan number at the centre of the channel but lessens the same at other areas. Finally, validation is executed to compare the current outcomes with the former results and perceive a good agreement.
Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the ...origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. These factors are discussed in different scenarios in order to promote more research for achieving final validation.
Alternanthera sessilis, an edible succulent herb, has been widely used as herbal drug in many regions around the globe. Inflammation is a natural process of the innate immune system, accompanied with ...the increase in the level of proinflammatory mediators, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2); cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit p65 due to the phosphorylation of inhibitory protein, IκBα. Inflammation over a short period of time is essential for its therapeutic effect. However, prolonged inflammation can be detrimental as it is related to many chronic diseases such as delayed wound healing, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, ways to curb chronic inflammation have been extensively investigated. In line with that, in this present study, we attempted to study the suppression activity of the proinflammatory cytokines and mediators as a characteristic of anti-inflammatory action, by using stem extract of A. sessilis in the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The results showed that the extract has significantly inhibited the production of the proinflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2; cytokines comprising IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα; and enzymes covering the iNOS and COX-2 by preventing the IκBα from being degraded, to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 in order to hinder the inflammatory pathway activation. These results indicated that the stem extract of A. sessilis could be an effective candidate for ameliorating inflammatory-associated complications.
•Models for wind speed prediction at 10-min intervals up to 1h built on time-series wind speed data.•Four different multivariate models for wind speed built based on exogenous variables.•Non-linear ...models built using three data mining algorithms outperform the linear models.•Autoregressive models based on wind direction perform better than other models.
Wind speed forecasting aids in estimating the energy produced from wind farms. The soaring energy demands of the world and minimal availability of conventional energy sources have significantly increased the role of non-conventional sources of energy like solar, wind, etc. Development of models for wind speed forecasting with higher reliability and greater accuracy is the need of the hour. In this paper, models for predicting wind speed at 10-min intervals up to 1h have been built based on linear and non-linear autoregressive moving average models with and without external variables. The autoregressive moving average models based on wind direction and annual trends have been built using data obtained from Sotavento Galicia Plc. and autoregressive moving average models based on wind direction, wind shear and temperature have been built on data obtained from Centre for Wind Energy Technology, Chennai, India. While the parameters of the linear models are obtained using the Gauss–Newton algorithm, the non-linear autoregressive models are developed using three different data mining algorithms. The accuracy of the models has been measured using three performance metrics namely, the Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error.
Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely used metal nanoparticles for various applications for its magnetic property and biocompatibility. In recent years, pollution of our ...environment especially with heavy metals in waterbodies has become a major threat and has left us very minimal sources of freshwater to drink. SPIONs or surface modified SPIONs can be used to remove these heavy metals.
SPIONs were synthesized by co-precipitation method and further coated with a biopolymer, chitosan. Chromium solution was treated with the synthesized SPIONs to study the efficiency of chromium removal by surface adsorption. Later, the adsorption was analysed by direct and indirect analysis methods using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and isotherm studies.
Stable chitosan-coated SPIONs were synthesized and they adsorbed chromium better than the uncoated SPIONs, where it was adsorbing up to 100 ppm. Adsorption was found to be increasing with decrease in pH.
The surface-modified SPIONs expressed cumulative adsorption action. Even after the adsorption studies, chitosan-coated SPIONs were possessing magnetic property. Thus, the surface-modified SPIONs can become an ideal nanotechnology tool to remove the chromium from groundwater.
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