Business integration with the internal and external world is gaining momentum in the light of Environment, Social, and Governance factors (ESG score) linkage to corporate financial performance (CFP). ...However, the impact of the ESG–CFP relationship varies across economies, industries, and institutional frameworks due to varying legal, social structures and expectations from stakeholders. The present study aims to test the bidirectional causality and autoregression effects between ESG disclosures and the firm value of Indian energy sector companies’ data using a four-wave cross-lagged panel structural equation modeling. Results indicate that the relationship is not bidirectional in the overall and individual elementsof ESG to firm value. We find AR effects to be stable, and there is a negative association found in the first two lags and a positive association found in the last lag. Research findings are beneficial for investors, fund managers, policymakers, and energy company managers. We further provide direction to executives on ESG investment and practices and lag period to reap the benefit of such investments through firm value.
The present paper aims to define three new notions: Θ e -contraction, a Hardy–Rogers-type Θ -contraction, and an interpolative Θ -contraction in the framework of extended b-metric space. Further, ...some fixed point results via these new notions and the study endeavors toward a feasible solution would be suggested for nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations of certain types, as well as a solution to a nonlinear fractional differential equation of the Caputo type by using the obtained results. It also considers a numerical example to indicate the effectiveness of this new technique.
Proline is a proteogenic amino acid and accumulates both under stress and non-stress conditions as a beneficial solute in plants. Recent discoveries point out that proline plays an important role in ...plant growth and differentiation across life cycle. It is a key determinant of many cell wall proteins that plays important roles in plant development. The role of extensins, arabinogalactan proteins and hydroxyproline- and proline-rich proteins as important components of cell wall proteins that play pivotal roles in cell wall signal transduction cascades, plant development and stress tolerance is discussed in this review. Molecular insights are also provided here into the plausible roles of proline transporters modulating key events in plant development. In addition, the roles of proline during seed developmental transitions including storage protein synthesis are discussed.
The influence of an aromatic hydrazide derivative, 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (TMBHC) as corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid was studied by Tafel ...polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency (% IE) of TMBHC increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations and also with increase in temperatures. TMBHC acted as a mixed type of inhibitor and its adsorption on mild steel surface was found to follow Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The evaluation of thermodynamic and activation parameters indicated that the adsorption of TMBHC takes place through chemisorption. The formation of protective film was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Internet of Things (IoT) is the collection of physical and digital devices that are interconnected using Internet for exchange of information and delivery of services. The Internet of Things (IoT) is ...an extended application of Internet that is used to offer various services for users in the fields of agriculture, healthcare, education, smart homes and so on in the modern world. The significant issues of the intrusion present in IoT are network disconnection, network hacking and data theft from the source. So the challenging task for worldwide utilization of IoT is to address their security issues, because of the feature imbalance in the different types of attacks. The most essential task for addressing security issues is to predict and classify the intrusion in the network. In this paper, the Cost based Random Forest Classifier (CRFC) is proposed for developing an effective Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The CRFC based classification is improvised by incorporating the cost matrix calculated based on feature importance that helps to improve the process of splitting the features even if there is a feature imbalance. Further, three important libraries of Python namely, Spark, Kafka, and Scikit-learn are used in this IDS to improve the classification performances. In that, Spark is used to implement the distributed environment, Kafka is used for streaming the data and Scikit is used to implement CRFC. There are two datasets known as NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 that are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed CRFC-IDS method. The CRFC-IDS method is analyzed on the basis of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Measure, Area Under the Curve (AUC), False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The existing approaches OCSVM and DBF are used for comparison with the CRFC-IDS method. The accuracy of CRFC-IDS for NSL-KDD dataset is found to be 99.957%, which is highest when compared to OCSVM and DBF.
•Effective IDS is developed by proposing an Improved Random Forest Classifier.•Feature importance based cost matrix is derived for improving the classification.•The Spark, Kafka and Scikit-learn libraries of Python are used to improve the IDS.•Maximum variance margin is used to remove the noise values from the input.
Quercetin was evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for AA6063 in 0.5 M HCl solution by employing weight-loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Scanning Electron ...Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques allied to quantum chemical studies. Electrochemical results substantiate that the inhibition efficacy of quercetin increases proportionally with the concentration of the inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of the alloy was studied in the range of 30-60 °C. Potentiodynamic polarization study confirms the mixed type of inhibition by quercetin with preferential control of the cathodic reaction. The adsorption of quercetin on alloy surface was explained through the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. ΔG°
ads
values and its variation with the temperature ensured spontaneous adsorption through chemisorption and the process was endothermic. Further, quantum chemical parameters calculated from Density Functional Theory (DFT) method for quercetin, proved a perfect correlation between structure and corrosion inhibition efficiency.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Intensive research has recently been directed toward synthesizing novel, non-toxic, and cost-effective organic inhibitors against metallic corrosion. In the present investigation, a non-toxic, novel ...Schiff base inhibitor, 6-bromo-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl) methylidene imidazo1,2-a pyridine-2-carbohydrazide (NVAIP) was synthesized and tested for its corrosion inhibition performance on Mild Steel (MS) in 1 M HCl at 303–323 K using potentiodynamic polarization study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The electrochemical results stated the inhibition effectiveness (ƞ%) of NVAIP was dependent on concentration and temperature, with the maximum efficiency (92.3%) recorded at 303 K for 500 ppm. The mixed-type inhibitory effect of NVAIP was substantiated by the polarization test results. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model accorded with the metal surface evaluated, and Gibbs free energy of adsorption values ranged from - 35.05 to-36.05 kJ/mol, implying a physical and chemical adsorption mechanism. Surface morphological analysis was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of the adsorbed inhibitor on the MS surface, and these techniques confirmed that the inhibitive layer is composed of an iron oxide/hydroxide mixture where NVAIP molecules are incorporated. Further, the physicochemical and electronic properties of the NVAIP were investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and electrostatic potential energy mapping (ESP). ΔEads value of −57.21 kcal/mol obtained from Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations correlates well with the experimental results. Moreover, the relevance of the molecular structure of NVAIP and its inhibition act was validated by quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies. A possible inhibition mechanism was proposed based on the experimental, theoretical, and surface analysis results. The outcomes of all the techniques show consistent agreement with each other.
•Anti-corrosion effect of a Schiff base inhibitor, NVAIP on mild steel in 1 M HCl.•Electrochemical studies showed mixed inhibitory action of NVAIP on metal with η% > 90%.•ΔGads (−35.5 to −36.05 kJ/mol) value suggests the physisorption of NVAIP on metal.•SEM, EDX, AFM and XPS showed presence of a protective film of NVAIP on mild steel.•DFT and MD results supported experimental observations through molecular parameters.
•Uplifting in ϕ2near the boundary causes to dwindle f′(ξ) and enhance it in long distance from boundary.•Velocity field g(ξ) enhances with the enhancing ∈ and dwindles with increasing the Ha, Weand ...ϕ2.•The values of thermal Biot number is increased, the θ(ξ)profile also enhanced.•Surface drag force in terms of Ha changes has inverse relation to x-axis and directly relation to y-axis.•Rate of heat transfer is more in MoS2−Ag hybrid nanofluid is more than that of TiO2−CuO hybrid nanofluid.
Herein, the numerical investigation is carried out to study the flow and heat transfer analysis through a hybrid nanofluid flow over a porous medium. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformations. The resulting ODEs are solved by a numerical technique using RKF-45 Method. Through graphs, the impacts of pertinent parameters on energy and velocity field were deliberated. Indeed, the outcomes were quite promising. It is noticed that, the surface drag force in terms of Hartman number changes has inverse relation to x -axis and directly relation to y-axis. Furthermore, the rate of heat transfer is more in MoS_2-Ag hybrid nanofluid is more than that of TiO_2-CuO hybrid nanofluid.
Phosphorene is a unique semiconducting two-dimensional platform for enabling spintronic devices integrated with phosphorene nanoelectronics. Here, we have designed an all phosphorene lattice lateral ...spin valve device, conceived via patterned magnetic substituted atoms of 3d-block elements at both ends of a phosphorene nanoribbon acting as ferromagnetic electrodes in the spin valve. Through First-principles based calculations, we have extensively studied the spin-dependent transport characteristics of the new spin valve structures. Systematic exploration of the magnetoresistance (MR) of the spin valve for various substitutional atoms and bias voltage resulted in a phase diagram offering a colossal MR for V and Cr-substitutional atoms. Such MR can be directly attributed to their specific electronic structure, which can be further tuned by a gate voltage, for electric field controlled spin valves. The spin-dependent transport characteristics here reveal new features such as negative conductance oscillation and switching of the sign of MR due to change in the majority spin carrier type. Our study creates possibilities for the design of nanometric spin valves, which could enable integration of memory and logic elements for all phosphorene 2D processors.
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials and their Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have emerged as a new class of intriguing semiconductor materials due to their versatile ...application in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, We have invstigated most probable arrangements of different inhomogeneous heterostructures employing one layer of transition metal dichalcogenide, TMD (MoS
2
, WS
2
, MoSe
2
, and WSe
2
) piled on the top of Janus TMD (MoSeTe or WSeTe) and investigated their structural, electronic as well as optical properties through first-principles based calculations. After that, we applied twist engineering between the monolayers from 0
$$^{\circ } \rightarrow$$
∘
→
60
$$^{\circ }$$
∘
twist angle, which delivers lattice reconstruction and improves the performance of the vdWHs due to interlayer coupling. The result reveals that all the proposed vdWHs are dynamically and thermodynamically stable. Some vdWHs such as MoS
2
/MoSeTe, WS
2
/WSeTe, MoS
2
/WSeTe, MoSe
2
/MoSeTe, and WS
2
/MoSeTe exhibit direct bandgap with type-II band alignment at some specific twist angle, which shows potential for future photovoltaic devices. Moreover, the electronic property and carrier mobility can be effectively tuned in the vdWHs compared to the respective monolayers. Furthermore, the visible optical absorption of all the Janus vdWHs at
$$\theta$$
θ
= 0
$$^{\circ }$$
∘
can be significantly enhanced due to the weak inter-layer coupling and redistribution of the charges. Therefore, the interlayer twisting not only provides an opportunity to observe new exciting properties but also gives a novel route to modulate the electronic and optoelectronic properties of the heterostructure for practical applications.
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