Uvod: Dosedanje raziskave kažejo, da je tvegano ali škodljivo uživanje alkohola med starostniki prisotno v obsegu med 5 % in 23 % te populacije. Z raziskavo smo želeli preučiti pojavnost uživanja ...alkohola v starosti v povezavi z demografskimi dejavniki, socialno vključenostjo in samooceno zdravja. Metode: Uporabljen je bil standardizirani vprašalnik Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric version (SMAST-G). Nenaključno so bili vključeni starostniki nad 65 let, živeči v domačem okolju, ki so razumeli besedilo. Podatke smo obdelali z opisno statistiko in testom hi-kvadrat. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je med starostniki 30,0 % takšnih, ki imajo možne težave z alkoholom. Statistična značilnost večjega uživanja alkohola se je pokazala pri nižji izobrazbi (x2 = 12,255, p = 0,007) ter pri moškem spolu (x2 = 14,641, p < 0,001). Ugotovili smo statistično povezanost uživanja alkohola s samooceno zdravja (x2 = 12,085, p = 0,017) ter s posameznimi spremenljivkami socialne vključenosti, in sicer z oceno socialnih odnosov (x2 = 14,124, p< 0,001) in z (ne)obstojem osebnih ciljev za prihodnost (x2 = 12,156, p = 0,016). Diskusija in zaključek: Uživanje alkohola se pri starostnikih povezuje s slabšo kakovostjo socialnih odnosov in nižjo samooceno zdravja. Raziskava kaže na potrebo po zvišanju znanja starostnikov o vplivih uživanja alkohola na zdravje, na potrebo po njihovi integraciji v socialno okolje ter po nadaljnjem raziskovanju problema uživanja alkohola v starosti.
Introduction: Research conducted to date indicates that from 5% to 23% of the elderly consume alcohol. The aim of the research was to examine the occurrence of alcohol consumption among the elderly ...in relation to demographic factors, social inclusion and relationships, and self-assessment of health. Methods: We used the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test--Geriatric version standardized questionnaire. The research included non-randomly selected elderly people above 65 years of age, who were living at home and could understand the text. The data was processed with the descriptive analysis and chisquare test. Results: The research found that 30.0% of the elderly have potential alcohol problems. Statistical significance was revealed in lower education and drinking (x2 = 12.255, p = 0.007), and male gender and drinking (x2 = 14.641, p < 0.001). We established a statistical correlation between the self-assessment of health and drinking (x2 = 12.085, p = 0.017), with assessment of social relationships (x2 = 14.124, p < 0.001) and with (non-)existence of future personal aims (x2 = 12.156, p = 0.016). Discussion and conclusion: Alcohol consumption among the elderly is related to poorer quality of social relationships and self-assessment of health. The research reveals the need to increase the knowledge of the elderly regarding alcohol consumption, their integration into social environments, and further research of the problem of alcohol consumption among the elderly. Alcohol consumption among the elderly is related to poorer quality of social relationships and self-assessment of health. The research reveals the need to increase the knowledge of the elderly regarding alcohol consumption, their integration into social environments, and further research of the problem of alcohol consumption among the elderly.
Epigenetic modifications of the membrane bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (
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) gene may affect the enzymatic degradation of dopamine, and consequently, human behavior. This study investigated the ...association between membrane bound catechol-O-methyltransferase DNA methylation (DNAm) differences in 92 monozygotic (MZ) twins with phenotypic manifestations of cognitive, behavioral, and personality indicators associated with reward-related behaviors and lack of control. We used pyrosequencing to determine DNAm of the regulatory region of membrane bound catechol-O-methyltransferase in saliva DNA. Results of intrapair differences in the percentage of membrane bound catechol-O-methyltransferase DNAm at each of five CpG sites show that there are associations between phenotypic indicators of lack of control and membrane bound catechol-O-methyltransferase DNAm differences on CpG1, CpG2 and CpG4, suggesting the common epigenetic patterns for personality traits, cognitive functions, and risk behaviors.
Definicija moždane smrti obuhvaća gubitak svih funkcija mozga, uključujući moždanog stabla. Dijagnostika moždane smrti omogućava donaciju organa ili prekid potpore. Stoga se moraju točno odrediti ...kriteriji dijagnoze. Prema Hrvatskom zakonu o transplantaciji, ponovljeni neurološki pregled mora pokazati gubitak refleksa moždanog stabla a obavezan je i jedan od testova potvrde. Nekoliko je testova dostupno, koji pokazuju prestanak aktivnosti mozga ili moždanog stabla ili potvrđuju nastup moždanog prekida cirkulacije. Procjena uz krevet bolesnika je moguća upotrebom elektrofizioloških i neurosonoloških testova. Konvencionalna ili digitalna subtrakcijska angiografija se izvodi na radiologiji, a izotopna angiografija i perfuzija mozga heksametil-propilen-amin-oksimom (99mTc-HMPAO) u Klinici za nuklearnu medicinu. Takvi testovi zahtijevaju posebne pogodnosti, stoga se preferiraju testovi koji se primjenjuju uz krevet bolesnika kao elektroencefalografija, evocirani potencijali i neurosonološki testovi. Svi testovi zahtijevaju uvježbano osoblje i striktne protokole koji se razlikuju od onih koji se upotrebljavaju u rutinskoj dijagnostici.
Prikazani su testovi koji se primjenjuju u potvrdi moždane smrti, tehnike, kriteriji, rezultati i vrijednosti testova.
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