A model and an algorithm for the calculation of the functioning of an electric power grid of arbitrary configuration and complexity during geomagnetic storms were developed. The calculations were ...performed in the MATLAB mathematical package and the Simulink environment. The binding of objects to geographical coordinates is realized in the model, which enables to determine the matrix of potentials of geoelectric fields in nodal points. In order to define the instantaneous magnetizing currents, the power transformers are designed on the basis of the T-shaped equivalent circuit with a nonlinear mutual inductance of magnetization branch. Calculation of RMS values of active, reactive and total power values in all the elements is done with regard to the impact of harmonic components of the current and voltage. The results of modeling of the impact of geomagnetic storms of various intensity with the west-east direction of the geoelectric field vector for Samara region electric power grid are given. Index Terms--electric power grid, model, geomagnetic storm, geomagnetically induced current, GIC.
The movement of electrically conducting ocean water in the ambient geomagnetic field induces secondary electric and magnetic fields in the oceans. Ocean water transport is now routinely inferred from ...undersea cable voltage data. We try to answer the question whether the method could also be useful to detect tsunami. A barotropic shallow water model along with a three-dimensional electromagnetic induction code was used to predict the electric fields induced by the Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on December 26, 2004. We show that the ocean flow related to the Indian Ocean Tsunami must have induced electric voltages of the order of ±500 mV across the existing submarine cables in the Indian Ocean. The electric fields induced by the Tsunami flow have strength within the range of ±10 mV/km, with enhancements along the main flow region and near the coasts and islands. Thus, making use of the in-service or retired submarine cables to measure the electric potential across oceans, it may be possible to detect water movement related to tsunami.
Technologies and equipment sets for the preparation of whole milk replacer (WMR) for feeding calves of the dairy period are presented in the paper. It is shown that the farms of Russia and Belarus ...mainly use imported milk replacer. Studies have established that it is more relevant to produce milk replacer in our countries based on local leguminous crops. The grains of these crops contain the necessary components, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. only in hard-to-digest forms for calves of the dairy period with gastrointestinal not being yet formed. It is shown that the effect of heat and moisture in combination with the use of cavitation treatment of a mixture of leguminous crops can be used to obtain high-quality whole milk replacers. In order to reduce the metal and energy capacities of the milk replacer preparation process, electromagnetic waves were used, which also made it possible to reduce the processing time of the components. Analytical studies made it possible to establish that the cavitation phenomenon occurs in the liquid when the pressure decreases in it to the limit, when the stream ruptures occur. Based on the studies, the parameters of the structural elements of the cavitator-hydrodispergator are established, which ensure the mode of the destruction of grain forces.
This article validates the possibility of a piecewise linear approximation with one breakpoint of the magnetizing characteristic of a power transformer for studying the processes of unilateral ...saturation of a magnetic system during periods of a high geomagnetic activity, which is caused by space-weather disturbances. An integral quantitative characteristic of a piecewise linear approximation is proposed that takes the features of the main magnetization curve of electric steel and the structural features of the power-transformer magnetic system into account. An analytical model is developed that allows determination of the instantaneous values and the harmonic structure of the magnetizing current at different intensities of quasi-direct currents. Two specific levels of the geomagnetic activity are determined. At one of them, the even harmonics of the magnetizing current are maximized, while at the second level the fundamental harmonic of the magnetizing current reaches a maximum that exceeds the certified value of the open-circuit current of the power transformer by several times.
Abstract
The article presents the results of the development and implementation of a monitoring system for temperature and relative humidity of an experimental wooden building. The developed ...monitoring system allows recording in real time the temperature and humidity of the internal microclimate, layers of enclosing structures and the external environment. The monitoring system is represented by two subsystems: measuring and indicative. The building has 25 measuring points in key parts of the building. Within the framework of scientific research, the system will make it possible to assess the parameters of the internal microclimate and the state of the building envelope in real operating conditions with changing environmental parameters.
To enhance oil recovery of high-viscosity oil deposits in the temperature range of 20-210 °C, a multifunctional composition with adjustable viscosity and high oil-displacing ability has been ...developed based on surfactants, aluminum and ammonium salts, an adduct of inorganic acid, carbamide and polyol. High buffer capacity of the composition in a wide pH range, 2.5-10 units pH, is provided by a complex of buffer systems: in the acidic range of pH, 2.5-4.0, the system “polyolboric acid and its salt”, in the alkaline range of pH – anammonia-borate buffer system. The composition has a low interfacial tension, a prolonged reaction with carbonate rocks, prevents the precipitation of insoluble reaction products, and increases the permeability of reservoirs. The composition is both oil-displacing and flow-diverting, it provides an enhance in the oil recovery factor, both due to the increase in the displacement factor and the the reservoir sweep by waterflooding or thermal steam stimulation
The results of laboratory research, field testing and industrial use of physicochemical and integrated enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies for fields of Arctic and Siberian regions are ...presented. The EOR technologies are based on the concept of using reservoir energy to generate gels, sols and surfactant systems preserving in the reservoir a complex of properties that are optimal for the purposes of oil displacement. The technologies using gel-forming compositions and surfactant-based oil-displacing systems are applicable in extreme climatic conditions, effective in a wide range of geological and physical conditions and stages of field development, cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
Background
. Over the past 15 years, the therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of multiple myeloma observed primarily due to the emergence of new drugs. Since the characteristic of the disease is ...a chronic course with consecutive periods of remissions and relapses, the search for new effective treatment options with each subsequent relapse/progression is critical to increasing the survival of patients.
Objective
: to evaluate the role of pomalidomide in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Materials and methods
. The results’ analysis of using pomalidomide-based treatment (Pd (pomalidomide/dexamethasone), PVd (pomalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone), KPd (carfilzomib/pomalidomide/dexamethasone), IxaPd (ixazomib/pomalidomide/dexamethasone), DaraPd (daratumumab/pomalidomide/dexamethasone), IsaPd (isatuximab/ pomalidomide/dexamethasone), EloPd (elotuzumab/pomalidomide/dexamethasone)) in pretreated patients, including own data, was done. Based on the RosNIIGT FMBA of Russia, 17 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma were treated; the frequency of achieving a response and the development of adverse events was estimated; the possibility of pomalidomide dose reducing with the development of adverse events was described without an apparent decrease of effectiveness.
Results.
The frequency of the overall response in using pomalidomide-based programs was 53 % (according to the world data, from 38 to 82 %). This drug is recommended for patients with multiple myeloma, even accompanied by the final stages of renal failure. The most frequent adverse event was grade III–IV neutropenia (30 % of patients). In 3 patients, the dosage of pomalidomide was adjusted with a decrease to 2 mg per day. In 2 patients, therapy was discontinued due to pulmonary embolism and bilateral pneumonia. After three courses of DaraPd, one patient achieved a complete response and underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Conclusion
. Pomalidomide-based programs in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma are an effective treatment option. Using dose-adjusted pomalidomide after the occurrence of neutropenia makes it possible to normalize the neutrophils level (more than 1 × 109/l) and continue anti-myeloma therapy, preserving the therapeutic effect and in individual patients with unfavorable prognosis factors to conduct high-dose therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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