Bilirubin is a product of the heme catabolism pathway, and it is excreted in bile and removed from the body through the urine. Bilirubin has potent antioxidant properties but also plays a role in ...anti-inflammation by protecting the body against endotoxin-induced lung inflammation, down-regulating the expression of adhesion molecules, and inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Thus, bilirubin is a promising agent that could use in inflammation disease treatment. The application of bilirubin on the "two-hit" sepsis animal model has been, to date, unknown.
we used lipopolysaccharide to induce initial insults in C57BL/6 mice. After 24 h, mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture to induce the "two-hit" sepsis model. Next, mice were administered 30 mg/kg bilirubin and we observed an improvement.
We observed that bilirubin inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly augmented in the lung. Bilirubin improved the survival rate in the sepsis model. Furthermore, we suggest that bilirubin can modulate the accumulation of T-regulatory cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Notably, bilirubin suppressed the activation and functions of T-cells.
These results clarified that bilirubin might improve tissue injury in sepsis through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
The treatment landscape for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has undergone substantial advancements with the introduction of biologics. However, a considerable number of patients either show an ...immediate lack of response or lose responsiveness over time, necessitating the development of innovative and effective treatment approaches. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-enclosed structures that facilitate cell-to-cell molecular transfer and are integral to the pathogenesis of IBD. They play pivotal roles in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the expulsion of cellular metabolites. The potential use of EVs as drug carriers or therapeutic agents has opened up a plethora of clinical applications. This review investigates the creation and content of EVs, their role in IBD development, and advances in their isolation and analytical techniques. Furthermore, the therapeutic promise they hold for IBD is explored, along with the latest research on their roles as IBD drug delivery systems.
To overcome the volumetric expansion of Si used as an anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), we propose 3D Si electrode structures formed on patterned Cu current collectors designed from metal molds ...fabricated using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The line- and check-patterned Cu current collectors with microscale periods for LIBs are prepared using an imprinting technique with patterned metal molds fabricated using the WEDM process. The line- and check-patterned Si thin-film and powder-type electrodes as anodes are fabricated using radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition method and conventional slurry casting process, respectively. The morphology of the Si electrodes before and after the cycling process is characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the Si electrodes are evaluated using a multi-channel battery tester and electrochemical impedance analyzer. In particular, the check-patterned Si electrodes exhibit relatively high-capacity and enhanced cycling performance due to the stress relief of the Si anode.
Graphical Abstract
The relatively sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and high overpotential at the cathode, compared to anode, increases the loading amount of Pt cathode catalysts. Thus, non-precious metal (NPM) ...catalysts such as nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures and macrocyclic structure of transition metal and nitrogen have been studied as an alternative to conventional Pt catalyst. Previously, we reported the synthesis of a Fe/N-doped mesoporous carbon nanostructure (denoted as Fe/NC) by a template method with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin iron(III) chloride (Fe-TMPP) as a doping and carbon source. The Fe/N-doped carbon nanostructure as a NPM cathode catalyst showed the improved ORR activity owing to electrocatalytic active sites such as pyridinic and pyrrolic N states, and FeN4 macrocycles. In this study, the degradation mechanism of Fe/NC during the ORR in an acidic medium was intensively investigated by chemical acid treatment and electrochemical cycling tests in the half and unit cells in different potential ranges. The crystal and pore structures of the sample before and after the durability test were measured and compared using X-ray diffraction method and N2 adsorption/desorption analyzer. Furthermore, followed by the durability test, the surface chemical composition and state of the samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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It remains unclear whether the cardiovascular consequences of arterial stiffness differ by sex. This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific association of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ...(baPWV) with adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular outcome.
We studied 11 767 patients (57.6% men) with cardiovascular risk factors, whose baPWV was measured. The primary endpoint was composite cardiovascular events. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were performed to delineate the association of baPWV with echocardiography parameters and risks of cardiovascular events.
RCS curves showed that structural/functional echocardiography parameters gradually worsened with increasing baPWV more prominently in women than in men. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction increases with baPWV increase more steeply in women (P-for-interaction by sex <0.001). During the median follow-up of 3.64 years (interquartile interval, 1.56-5.38 years), 350 cardiovascular events (3.0%) and 155 deaths (1.3%) occurred. Cumulative cardiovascular events and deaths were significantly higher in patients with elevated baPWV in both sexes (P < 0.001). Cox analyses showed that the increase in baPWV was associated with the higher risks of cardiovascular events and deaths more strongly in women cardiovascular events: men, adjusted hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval (1.08-1.13), P < 0.001; women, adjusted hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval (1.13-1.24), P < 0.001 by 100 cm/s increase in baPWV; P-for-interaction by sex = 0.022.
The detrimental effects of baPWV on adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular outcome were stronger in women than in men. The prognostic information provided by baPWV may be particularly crucial for women.
Purpose The McGrath video laryngoscope (VL) offers excellent laryngoscopic views and increases the success rate of orotracheal intubation in patients with normal and difficult airways. The purpose of ...this randomized controlled trial was to compare the McGrath VL with the Macintosh laryngoscope to investigate the efficacy of the McGrath VL for routine nasotracheal intubation in patients with an expected normal airway. Materials and Methods To address the research purpose, the efficacy of the McGrath VL for routine nasotracheal intubation was compared with that of the Macintosh laryngoscope. The predictor variable was the laryngoscopic technique (McGrath VL vs Macintosh laryngoscope). The outcome variables were the time to successful intubation, laryngoscopic views before and after optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OELM), use of Magill forceps, ease of intubation, and severity of oropharyngeal bleeding. Results Data from 35 patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery were assessed. The time to intubation was 10.5 seconds shorter in the McGrath group than in the Macintosh group (34.4 ± 13.7 vs 44.9 ± 15.6 seconds; P = .004). The incidence of grade 1 glottic view before OELM was higher in the McGrath group than in the Macintosh group (83 vs 57%; P = .019). The frequency of Magill forceps use was lower in the McGrath group than in the Macintosh group (6 vs 34%; P = .003). Conclusion McGrath VL facilitates routine nasotracheal intubation in expected normal airways by providing a shorter intubation time and better laryngoscopic views compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope.
Edwards’ syndrome also known as trisomy 18 is a congenital disorder associated with cardiovascular issues including ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent duct ...arteriosus (PDA). An emergency colostomy was performed on a neonate born with an imperforate anus. Pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography showed presence of VSD, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or ASD. Even though the baby had a good general condition and optimal peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), during positive pressure ventilation, she suffered severe hypoxia (50% SpO2). The cause of the hypoxia was thought to be the right-left shunt and so during a second attempt at anaesthesia a vasopressor (noradrenaline 0.03 µg/kg/min) was infused to increase systemic vascular resistance. Thereafter, SpO2 increased to 80–90% and the surgery was completed. The baby recovered without any neurological complications. Genetic testing post-partum showed she had Edwards’ syndrome.
Rooftop and on-road measurements of O3, NO2, NOx, and CO concentrations were conducted to investigate the relationship between rooftop and on-road concentrations in a busy and shallow street canyon ...with an aspect ratio of ∼0.3 in Seoul, Republic of Korea, from 15 April to 1 May 2014. The median road-to-roof concentration ratios, correlation coefficients between rooftop and on-road concentrations, and temporal variations of rooftop and on-road concentrations are analyzed according to the rooftop wind directions which are two cross-canyon and two along-canyon directions. The analysis results indicate that the relationship is strong when the rooftop is situated on the downwind side rather than on the upwind side. Relative to the cross-canyon wind directions, one of the along-canyon wind directions can more enhance the relationship. A conceptual framework is proposed to explain the effect of ambient wind direction on the relationship between rooftop and on-road concentrations in a street canyon.
One of the along-canyon wind directions can enhance the relationship between rooftop and on-road concentrations of traffic-related pollutants in a busy and shallow street canyon.
The axial headless compression screw (AHCS) technique is a widely used method for distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) and thumb IPJ arthrodesis. However, it might not be suitable for cases over 10° ...flexion of fusion angle and extremely small-sized phalanx. Here, the authors describe the nonaxial multiple small screws (NMSS) technique, compare the mechanical strength of the NMSS technique with the AHCS technique, and suggest clinical outcomes of the NMSS technique.
DIPJ and thumb IPJ arthrodesis models were simulated in the 4th generation composite bone hand. Fixation with three 1.5 mm cortical screws (NMSS) or one HCS (AHCS) was performed in each pair of the phalanx. The bending stiffness and load to failure were tested in 10 pairs of each specimen, and the torsional stiffness and torque to failure were tested in seven pairs of each specimen. Moreover, 15 consecutive clinical DIPJ and thumb IPJ arthrodesis cases were reviewed retrospectively.
The NMSS specimens showed significantly higher bending load to failure, torsional stiffness, and torque to failure than the AHCS specimens. All 15 arthrodesis cases were united without severe complications. The mean fusion angle was 16.3° for the nine cases of the flexed target position.
The NMSS technique showed biomechanical stability comparable to that of the AHCS technique in DIPJ and thumb IPJ arthrodesis. Thus, the NMSS technique could be used as a feasible option in DIPJ and thumb IPJ arthrodesis, especially when a small finger is indicated and a significant flexion angle is required.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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