Abstract
BACKGROUND
It remains controversial whether carotid artery stenting (CAS) is needed in cases of tandem cervical internal carotid artery occlusion (cICAO) and intracranial large vessel ...occlusion (LVO).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of CAS in combination with endovascular thrombectomy (CAS-EVT) in cICAO-LVO patients and to compare its outcomes with those of EVT without CAS (EVT-alone).
METHODS
We identified all patients who underwent EVT for tandem cICAO-LVO from the prospectively maintained registries of 17 stroke centers. Patients were classified into 2 groups: CAS-EVT and EVT-alone. Clinical characteristics and procedural and clinical outcomes were compared between 2 groups. We tested whether CAS-EVT strategy was independently associated with recanalization success.
RESULTS
Of the 955 patients who underwent EVT, 75 patients (7.9%) had cICAO-LVO. Fifty-six patients underwent CAS-EVT (74.6%), and the remaining 19 patients underwent EVT-alone (25.4%). The recanalization (94.6% vs 63.2%, P = .002) and good outcome rates (64.3% vs 26.3%, P = .007) were significantly higher in the CAS-EVT than in the EVT-alone. Mortality was significantly lower in the CAS-EVT (7.1% vs 21.6%, P = .014). There was no significant difference in the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage between 2 groups (10.7 vs 15.8%; P = .684) and according to the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (10.0% vs 12.3%; P = .999) or antiplatelet medications (10.2% vs 18.8%; P = .392). CAS-EVT strategy remained independently associated with recanalization success (odds ratio: 24.844; 95% confidence interval: 1.445-427.187).
CONCLUSION
CAS-EVT strategy seemed to be effective and safe in cases of tandem cICAO-LVO. CAS-EVT strategy was associated with recanalization success, resulting in better clinical outcome.
•Cultural ecosystem services are evaluated using text mining of locals’ opinions.•Unique user activities in ecological resources cannot be deduced by name only.•Cultural ecosystem service indicators ...can differ by region.•Local user activities in cultural ecosystem services are interconnected.
Cultural ecosystem services are the benefits experienced by people visiting ecological resources. These services are assessed based on visitors’ behaviors and perception. Existing quantitative methods based on questionnaire surveys and geotagged photographs are useful in comparative analysis; however, they only address the items presented by researchers. This makes it difficult to explain unique user activities related to cultural ecosystem services in a specific area and the reasons behind their use. Qualitative analytics, which has been identified as an alternative, is ideal for confirming the features of local cultural ecosystem services but is limited in terms of quantification. In light of such limitations, this study opted for text mining as a tool for quantifying the opinions of local residents and the features of local cultural ecosystem services that were expressed during workshops. Specifically, the most frequently used keywords were selected from local residents’ texts concerning ecological knowledge and their opinions of cultural ecosystem services, and factor analysis was conducted for each ecological resource to shed light on the features of the cultural ecosystem services provided by each ecological resource. The analysis of Gwangju (Gyeonggi-do) Province, South Korea, showed that the main user activities related to cultural ecosystem services included mountain climbing, farm programs, and history and culture programs, among others. It also revealed local user activities in cultural ecosystem services in each ecological resource—ecosystem services provided by a public stadium in association with adjacent wetlands. It was observed that the indicator “recreation” was subdivided into “mountain climbing,” “exercise,” “strolling,” etc., in relation to “health value.” Meanwhile, the indicator “cultural heritage” was distinguished by the special user activity “ceramics” and was associated with “educational value.” It could also be qualitatively seen that “aesthetic value” was regarded as a benefit that accompanied the experience of “mountain climbing” and “exercise,” which may be enjoyed when visiting places of “nature,” “ecosystems,” or “plants” with “family,” in relation to “social relations value.” “Spiritual/religious value” was related to “cultural heritage” in Catholic sacred sites. However, limitations were found in the analysis of cultural ecosystem services based on the opinions of local residents, as it is difficult to compare them with the services of other regions. Thus, further advanced research on cultural ecosystem services is required to uncover regional user activities and allow for a comparative analysis between regions.
Serratia marcescens RSC-14 is a Gram-negative bacterium that was previously isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of the Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum. The strain stimulates plant growth ...and alleviates Cd stress in host plants. To investigate the genetic basis for these traits, the complete genome of RSC-14 was obtained by single-molecule real-time sequencing. The genome of S. marcescens RSC-14 comprised a 5.12-Mbp-long circular chromosome containing 4,593 predicted protein-coding genes, 22 rRNA genes, 88 tRNA genes, and 41 pseudogenes. It contained genes with potential functions in plant growth promotion, including genes involved in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, acetoin synthesis, and phosphate solubilization. Moreover, annotation using NCBI and Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology identified several genes that encode antioxidant enzymes as well as genes involved in antioxidant production, supporting the observed resistance towards heavy metals, such as Cd. The presence of IAA pathway-related genes and oxidative stress-responsive enzyme genes may explain the plant growth-promoting potential and Cd tolerance, respectively. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence of Cd-tolerant S. marcescens and its plant growth promotion pathway. The whole-genome analysis of this strain clarified the genetic basis underlying its phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, underpinning the beneficial interactions between RSC-14 and plants.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy has become the mainstay of treatment of acute intracranial large artery occlusion. However, it is still not much known about the optimal limit ...of SR attempts for favorable outcome. We evaluated whether a specific number of SR passes for futile recanalization can be determined.
METHODS—Patients who were treated with a SR as the first endovascular modality for their intracranial large artery occlusion in anterior circulation were retrospectively reviewed. The recanalization rate for each SR pass was calculated. The association between the number of SR passes and a patient’s functional outcome was analyzed.
RESULTS—A total of 467 patients were included. Successful recanalization by SR alone was achieved in 82.2% of patients. Recanalization rates got sequentially lower as the number of passes increased, and the recanalization rate achievable by ≥5 passes of the SR was 5.5%. In a multivariable analysis, functional outcomes were more favorable in patients with 1 to 4 passes of the SR than in patients without recanalization (odds ratio OR was 8.06 for 1 pass; OR 7.78 for 2 passes; OR 6.10 for 3 passes; OR 6.57 for 4 passes; all P<0.001). However, the functional outcomes of patients with ≥5 passes were not significantly more favorable than found among patients without recanalization (OR 1.70 with 95% CI, 0.42–6.90 for 5 passes, P=0.455; OR 0.33 with 0.02–5.70, P=0.445 for ≥6 passes).
CONCLUSIONS—The likelihood of successful recanalization got sequentially lower as the number of SR passes increased. Five or more passes of the SR became futile in terms of the recanalization rate and functional outcomes.
Although the pore structures and gas transport properties of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been tuned mainly by modifying the framework building blocks, a pore‐tuned zeolitic imidazolate ...framework (ZIF)‐8 layer is directly grown on graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONR)‐treated polymer substrate. Oxygen‐containing functional groups and GONR dangling‐carbon bonds facilitated the spontaneous growth of ZIF‐8 oriented to the (100) grain on the GONR surface and also enhanced the rigidity by strongly anchoring the ZIF‐8 layer by metal‐carbon chemisorption. Gas permeation and molecular simulation results confirmed that the effective aperture size of ZIF‐8 is adjusted to 3.6 Å. As a result, ultrafast H2 permeance of 7.6 × 10−7 mol m−2 Pa s is achieved while blocking large hydrocarbon molecules. In particular, the membrane showed exceptionally enhanced hydrogen selectivity for the mixture separation than ideal selectivity, owing to the competitive transport between H2 and large hydrocarbon molecules, and the separation performance surpassed those of ZIF membranes previously fabricated on polymeric supports.
Direct pore‐size tuning of metal‐organic framework (MOF) membrane is achieved by growing the crystal on graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR) surface. The rigidity of the ZIF‐8 framework is enhanced by strong chemisorption between metal ion of MOF and carbon edge of GONR. Exceptional hydrogen selectivity is achieved for the hydrogen/hydrocarbon mixture, surpassing those of ZIF membranes previously fabricated on polymeric supports.
Current investigation conducted to evaluate the associated fungal endophyte interactions of a Cd hyper-accumulator Solanum nigrum Korean ecotype under varying concentrations of Cd. Two ...indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing fungal strains, RSF-4L and RSF-6L, isolated from the leaves of S. nigrum, were initially screened for Cd tolerance and accumulation potential. In terms of dry biomass production, the strain RSF-6L showed higher tolerance and accumulation capacity for Cd toxicity in comparison to RSF-4L. Therefore, RSF-6L was applied in vivo to S. nigrum and grown for six weeks under Cd concentrations of 0, 10, and 30mgKg−1 of dry sand. The effect of fungal inoculation assessed by plant physiological responses, endogenous biochemical regulations, and Cd profile in different tissues. Significant increase were observed in plant growth attributes such as shoot length, root length, dry biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents in inoculated RSF-6L plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants with or without Cd contamination. RSF-6L inoculation decreased uptake of Cd in roots and above ground parts, as evidenced by a low bio-concentration factor (BCF) and improved tolerance index (TI). However, Cd concentration in the leaves remained the same for inoculated and non-inoculated plants under Cd spiking. Fungal inoculation protected the host plants, as evidenced by low peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities and high catalase (CAT) activity. Application of appropriate fungal inoculation that can improve tolerance mechanisms of hyper-accumulators and reduce Cd uptake can be recommended for phyto-stabilisation/immobilisation of heavy metals in crop fields.
•Integrated plant-microbe phytoremediation is gaining attraction worldwide.•The host plant was inoculated with fungal endophyte RSF-6L under Cd contamination.•Cd contamination significantly retards plant growth attributes.•Inoculation with the fungal strain RSF-6L increases the growth parameters.
Abstract
Background
It is still unclear the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) in complex coronary lesions treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) which themselves are at increased ...incidence of adverse events.
Methods
BIFURCAT registry encompassed patients treated with PCI for coronary bifurcation lesion from the COBIS III and the RAIN registry. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular adverse event (MACE), a composite and mutual exclusive of all‐cause death or myocardial infarction (MI) or target‐lesion revascularization (TLR). A total of 5537 patients were included in the analysis and 1834 (33%) suffered from DM.
Results
After a median follow‐up of 21 months, diabetic patients had a higher incidence of MACE (17% vs. 9%,
p
< 0.001), all‐cause mortality (9% vs. 4%,
p
< 0.001), TLR (5% vs. 3%,
p
= 0.001), MI (4% vs. 2%,
p
< 0.001), and stent thrombosis (ST) (2% vs. 1%,
p
= 0.007). After multivariate analysis, diabetes remained significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio HR: 1.37; confidence interval CI: 1.13–1.65;
p
= 0.001), all‐cause death (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24–2.19,
p
= 0.001), TLR (HR: 1.45; CI: 1.03–2.04;
p
= 0.031) and ST (HR: 1.73, CI: 1.04–2.88;
p
= 0.036), but not with MI (HR: 1.34; CI: 0.93–1.92;
p
= 0.11). Among diabetics, chronic kidney disease (HR: 2.99; CI: 2.21–4.04), baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (HR: 0.98; CI: 0.97–0.99), femoral access (HR: 1.62; CI: 1.23–2.15), left main coronary artery (HR: 1.44; CI: 1.06–1.94), main branch diameter (HR: 0.79; CI: 0.66–0.94) and final kissing balloon (HR: 0.70; CI: 0.52–0.93) were independent predictors of MACE at follow‐up.
Conclusions
Patients with DM treated with PCI for coronary bifurcations have a worse prognosis due to higher incidence of MACE, all‐cause mortality, TLR and ST compared to the non‐diabetics.
Introduction Recently, electric cigarettes with liquid (e-liquid) were introduced as an alternative to tobacco smoking. They were promoted as possible cessation aids and were considered to be ...potentially less harmful than traditional tobacco-based cigarettes. However, there is little information on the toxicants present in e-liquids and their possible carcinogenic effects. Methods Western blot analysis was performed to identify the protein levels of cancer progression related signal transducers. Patient-derived brain tumor cells (CSC2) were injected into mouse brains and tumor growth was then observed by performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the whole brain. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Immunofluorescence staining were performed to study the expression of pEGFR and pERK. Results Western blotting revealed that e-liquids increased pEGFR and pERK expression in a dose dependent manner. Animal experiments revealed that the e-liquid treated group had accelerated tumor growth and poor prognosis compared to the vehicle group. Histological staining showed activation of pEGFR and pERK in the e-liquid treated group. Conclusion Our study revealed that e-liquid activates pEGFR and pERK, leading to accelerated brain tumor growth and poor prognosis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
We compared the long‐term clinical outcomes of four different types of second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DESs) in coronary bifurcation lesions.
Background
Clinical outcomes of ...different designs of second‐generation DESs are not well known in bifurcation lesions.
Methods
Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with second‐generation DESs for coronary bifurcation lesion were enrolled from 21 centers in South Korea. A total of 2,526 patients was evaluated and divided into four treatment groups according to DES type: bioabsorbable polymer biolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐BES group, n = 514), platinum chromium everolimus‐eluting stent (PtCr‐EES group, n = 473), cobalt nickel zotarolimus‐eluting stent (CoNi‐ZES group, n = 736), or cobalt chromium everolimus‐eluting stent (CoCr‐EES group, n = 803). Primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF, defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed to reduce selection bias and potential confounding factors.
Results
For 5 years of follow‐up, the rates of TLF among the four DES groups were not significantly different (6.2% for BP‐BES group, 8.2% for PtCr‐EES group, 6.5% for CoNi‐ZES group, and 8.6% for CoCr‐EES group, p = .434). The results were consistent after IPTW adjustment (6.8, 8.4, 6.0, and 7.5%, respectively, p = .554). In subgroup analysis, the similarity of long‐term outcomes among the four different types of second‐generation DES was consistent across subgroups regardless of side branch treatment (p for interaction = .691).
Conclusion
There seems to be no significant difference in long‐term clinical outcomes among patients who received different types of second‐generation DES for coronary bifurcation lesion.
With the demand for low‐power‐operating artificial intelligence systems, bio‐inspired memristor devices exhibit potential in terms of high‐density memory functions and the emulation of the synaptic ...dynamics of the human brain. The 2D material MXene attracts considerable interest for use in resistive‐switching memory and artificial synapse devices owing to its excellent physicochemical properties in memristor devices. However, few memristive and synaptic MXene devices that display increased switching performances are reported, with no significant results. Herein, the conductivity of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is engineered via etching and oxidation to enhance the switching performance of the device. The exceptional properties of partially oxidized MXene memristors include large memory windows and low threshold biases, and the complex spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity synaptic rules are also emulated. The low threshold potential distribution, reliable retention time (104 s), and distinct resistance states with a high ON–OFF ratio (>104) are the main memory‐related features of this device. The experimentally determined switching potentials of the optimized device are also uniformly distributed, according to a statistical probability‐based approach. This investigation may promote the essential material properties for use in high‐density non‐volatile memory storage and artificial synapse systems in the field of innovative nanoelectronic devices.
Exquisite improvements are witnessed for MXene memristors. Conventional memory cells confront the demands of future data‐intensive computing applications. This sortation has led the research on constructing the memristors with novel 2D functional materials for advanced applications of next‐generation memory technology. MXene for high‐density computing and synapse functionality at low power (among all Ti3C2) with edge detection applicability are manifested.
PDF
