Two Phase 3 Trials of Baricitinib for Alopecia Areata King, Brett; Ohyama, Manabu; Kwon, Ohsang ...
New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine,
05/2022, Letnik:
386, Številka:
18
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
Alopecia areata is a distressing disorder of hair loss that is mediated partly by cytokines dependent on Janus kinases. The JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor baricitinib reduced the extent of hair loss in two ...randomized trials over a period of 36 weeks.
In this paper, we consider a quasilinear Schrödinger equation, which arises from the study of the superfluid film equation in plasma physics. Our main goal is to find the growth condition for ...nonlinear term and decaying condition for the potential, which guarantee the nonexistence of positive solutions.
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss disorder. As the prevalence of AGA rises, the demand for AGA treatments is rising accordingly, prompting research to identify ...therapeutic candidates to treat AGA. Because AGA is caused by crosstalk among multiple hair follicle (HF) cell components, understanding the effects of candidate molecules on HF cells is essential to determining therapeutic candidates for treatment. To date, research has centered on HF dermal papilla and outer root sheath cells and has indicated that the hair growth effects of candidate substances may be mediated via alterations in several signaling pathways and signature genes in these HF cells. In more integrative evaluations, the HF unit is used as an ex vivo organ culture model to verify the effects of therapeutic candidates. Animal models have also been used to evaluate the effects of candidate substances. The main outcomes used to evaluate the effects of candidate substances are 1) changes in HF growth rates in vitro, 2) anagen induction capabilities, and 3) the effects of androgen modulation. This article reviews a series of methods used to evaluate the hair growth-promoting effects of candidate substances, providing an overview of cell assays, organs, and animal models used in AGA research in order to facilitate AGA research moving forward.
In order to study electrically and magnetically charged vortices in fractional quantum Hall effect and anyonic superconductivity, the Maxwell–Chern–Simons (MCS) model was introduced by Lee et al. ...(Phys Lett B 252:79–83, 1990) as a unified system of the classical Abelian–Higgs model (AH) and the Chern–Simons (CS) model. In this article, the first goal is to obtain the uniform (CS) limit result of (MCS) model with respect to the Chern–Simons parameter, without any restriction on either a particular class of solutions or the number of vortex points, as the Chern–Simons mass scale tends to infinity. The most important step for this purpose is to derive the relation between the Higgs field and the neutral scalar field. Our (CS) limit result also provides the critical clue to answer the open problems raised by Ricciardi and Tarantello (Comm Pure Appl Math 53:811–851, 2000) and Tarantello (Milan J Math 72:29–80, 2004), and we succeed to establish the existence of periodic Maxwell–Chern–Simons vortices satisfying the concentrating property of the density of superconductive electron pairs. Furthermore, we expect that the (CS) limit analysis in this paper would help to study the stability, multiplicity, and bubbling phenomena for solutions of the (MCS) model.
We consider the elliptic system problems arising from the Maxwell-Chern-Simons model. In this system, there are two important parameters related to Chern-Simons mass scale and electric charge. Under ...almost optimal conditions on these two parameters, we show the existence of nontopological condensates with magnetic field concentrated at multi-bubbling points.
Induction of new hair follicles (HFs) may be an ultimate treatment goal for alopecia; however, functional cells with HF inductivity must be expanded in bulk for clinical use. In vitro culture ...conditions are completely different from the in vivo microenvironment. Although fetal and postnatal dermal cells (DCs) have the potential to induce HFs, they rapidly lose this HF inductivity during culture, accompanied by a drastic change in gene expression. This suggests that epigenetic regulation may be involved. Of the various histone deacetylases (HDACs), Class I HDACs are noteworthy because they are ubiquitously expressed and have the strongest deacetylase activity. This study revealed that DCs from postnatal mice rapidly lose HF inductivity and that this reduction is accompanied by a significant decrease in histone H3 acetylation. However, MS-275, an inhibitor of class I HDACs, preserves HF inductivity in DCs during culture, increasing alkaline phosphatase activity and upregulating HF inductive genes such as BMP4, HEY1, and WIF1. In addition, the inhibition of class I HDACs activates the Wnt signaling pathway, the most well-described molecular pathway in HF development, via increased histone H3 acetylation within the promoter region of the Wnt transcription factor LEF1. Our results suggest that class I HDACs could be a potential target for the neogenesis of HFs.
Chemotherapy‐induced alopecia (CIA) is a highly distressing event for cancer patients, and hence, we here aimed to assess the efficacy of various interventions in the prevention of CIA. We searched ...PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, from June 20, 2013 through August 31, 2013. Two of the authors independently reviewed and selected clinical trials that reported the efficacy of any intervention for prevention of CIA compared with that of controls. Two authors extracted data independently on dichotomized outcome in terms of CIA occurrence. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were calculated for efficacy of CIA prevention by using random‐effect or fixed‐effect models. Out of 691 articles retrieved, a total of eight randomized controlled trials and nine controlled clinical trials involving 1,098 participants (616 interventions and 482 controls), were included in the final analyses. Scalp cooling, scalp compression, a combination of cooling and compression, topical minoxidil and Panicum miliaceum were used as interventions. The participants were mainly breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin‐ or epirubicin‐containing chemotherapy. Scalp cooling, which is the most popular preventive method, significantly reduced the risk of CIA (RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.32–0.45), whereas topical 2% minoxidil and other interventions did not significantly reduce the risk of CIA. No serious adverse effects associated with scalp cooling were reported. Our results suggest that scalp cooling can prevent CIA in patients receiving chemotherapy. However, the long‐term safety of scalp cooling should be confirmed in further studies.
What's new?
Hair loss (alopecia) is a highly distressing side effect of chemotherapy. The authors performed a first meta‐analysis of different interventions published in the literature, involving more than 1000 participants, most often women with breast cancer treated with doxirubicin‐ or epirubicin‐containing chemotherapy. They found that scalp cooling, a popular intervention, significantly reduced the risk of chemotherapy‐induced alopecia (CIA) while other methods did not have a significant effect. These data underscore the efficacy of scalp cooling as a preventative treatment of CIA but the authors urge that more studies be conducted to establish the long‐term safety of the method.
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common and debilitating condition in children, with limited research on its characteristics and treatment. Therefore, this study aims to describe the ...characteristics of pediatric patients with CIA and the treatment outcomes of topical minoxidil and L-cystine, medicinal yeast, and pantothenic acid complex-based dietary supplements (CYP). This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients who underwent high-dose conditioning chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and were treated with either topical minoxidil or CYP for CIA between January 2011 and January 2022. Among the 70 patients evaluated, 61 (87.1%) experienced clinical improvement. Patients in the groups with superior treatment outcomes received a greater cumulative amount of minoxidil and underwent treatment for a more extended duration (P < 0.05) than those in the other groups. All 70 (100%) patients received topical minoxidil, and 42 (60%) were administered CYP. Hair thickness was significantly higher in the combination therapy group than in the minoxidil monotherapy group (21.4% vs. 9.3%, P = 0.02). However, only 3 (4.3%) patients reported mild and self-limiting adverse events. In conclusion, our study shows that minoxidil and CYP administration represent viable treatment options for pediatric CIA.
Background
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common disorder but presents severe psychosocial problems in many female patients. Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and conditioned media of ...ADSCs (ADSC‐CM) are reported to promote hair growth in vitro. However, there are no clinical reports on the treatment of alopecia using ADSC‐CM.
Objectives
This study evaluates our clinical experience in the use of ADSC‐CM for the treatment of FPHL.
Methods
A retrospective, observational study of outcomes in 27 patients with FPHL treated with ADSC‐CM was performed. To evaluate the efficacy of the treatment, patients’ medical records and phototrichographic images were analyzed.
Results
The application of ADSC‐CM showed efficacy in treating FPHL after 12 weeks of therapy. Hair density increased from 105.4 to 122.7 hairs/cm2 (P < 0.001). Hair thickness increased from 57.5 μm to 64.0 μm (P < 0.001). None of the patients reported severe adverse reactions.
Conclusions
The application of ADSC‐CM is a potential treatment option for FPHL.
The main factors involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) are skin barrier abnormality, allergy/immunology, and pruritus. Considering how oxidative stress influences these factors, ...antioxidant agents may be effective candidates in the treatment of AD. To evaluate the effect of Caffeoyl-Pro-His amide (CA-PH), an antioxidant agent, on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like phenotypes in BALB/c mice. Topical sensitization and challenge by DNCB were performed on the dorsal skin of BALB/c mice to induce AD-like cutaneous lesions, phenotypes, and immunologic response. CA-PH was applied topically for 2 weeks to assess its effects on DNCB-induced AD-like phenotypes. As a result, CA-PH relieved DNCB-induced AD-like phenotypes quantified by dermatitis severity score, scratching duration, and trans-epidermal water loss. Histopathological analysis showed that CA-PH decreased epidermal thickening, the number of mast cells, and eosinophil infiltration in dermis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CA-PH recovered skin barrier-related proteins: filaggrin, involucrin, and loricrin. As for the immunologic aspects, CA-PH treatment lowered mRNA or protein levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-17a, IL-1b, IL-31, and IL-33 levels and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels in cutaneous tissue, reducing the DNCB-induced serum IgE level elevation. In conclusion, topical CA-PH may be a therapeutic option for the treatment of AD.
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