This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of hetero-chitosans and their oligosaccharides on the halophilic bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Nine classes of hetero-chitosan ...oligosaccharides were prepared based on their molecular weights, using an ultrafiltration membrane reactor system with chitosanase and celluase, from partially different deacetylated chitosans, 90%, 75%, and 50% deacetylated chitosan, respectively. Thirty-two strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from various marine organisms such as shellfish, shrimps, octopus, and seabirds. Seventy-five percent deacetylated chitosan showed the highest antimicrobial acitivity. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.5 mg/ml on 14 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, and MIC of the rest strains (18 strains) was 1.0 mg/ml. In addition, MIC of most hetero-chitosan oligosaccharides was 8.0 mg/ml. The results revealed that the antimicrobial effects of hetero-chitosans and their oligosaccharides against V. parahaemolyticus depend on the degree of deacetylation, their molecular weights, and strains tested.
A fully calibrated 3-D simulation of a NAND flash string is used to characterize the source/drain hot carrier disturbance phenomenon for the first time. Through the word line 31 (WL31) program ...voltage (Vpgm) disturbances simulation with various pass voltage (Vpass) for other word lines, we conclude that the source/drain hot carrier injection contributes to an abnormal Vpgm disturbance not only at a 14-V Vpass, but also at 4-V Vpass condition. Instead of the well-known FN programming disturbance due to insufficient boosting potential at low Vpass, the GIDL-induced electron-hole pair generation at the source side (WL30) of WL31 and electron injection into the Vpgm-biased WL31 are the dominant mechanisms of the WL31 Vpgm disturbance in the ‘01’ state cell string at a 4-V Vpass condition. This hot carrier disturbance phenomenon is similar to that of the 14-V Vpass condition,even though it occurs on the drain side (SSL) of WL31. KCI Citation Count: 2
The effects of a novel sodium/hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1) inhibitor, KR-32568, were studied in an anesthetized rat model of 30 min ischemia/2.5 h reperfusion heart injury. KR-32568 dose-dependently ...inhibited NHE-1-mediated rabbit platelet swelling induced by intracellular acidification. In our anesthetized rat model, KR-32568 reduced infarct size from 67 (control) to 43 and 24% at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg (i.v. bolus, given 10 min before ischemia), respectively. KR-32568 at the same doses also significantly reduced the total number of ventricular premature beats during ischemia/reperfusion from 530 (control) to 266 and 115 beats, ventricular tachycardia (VT) incidence from 51 (control) to 21 and 8, VT duration from 238 s (control) to 63 and 33 s, ventricular fibrillation (VF) incidence from 17 (control) to 8 and 0, and VF duration from 85 s to 18 and 1 s. These results indicate that KR-32568 may exert potent cardioprotective effects in rats via inhibition of sodium/hydrogen exchanger-1.
기관지확장증 환자의 객담 균주 분석: 울산지역의 일개 대학병원 보고 서광원; Kwang Won Seo; 황세진 ...
Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases,
12/2009, Letnik:
67, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background: Bronchiectasis (BE) remains a rare respiratory disease in Korea. This retrospective study was done to investigate the potential pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) that cause in patients ...with BE, through the use of sputum specimens. Methods: One hundred eleven adult patients, who had undergone chest computed tomography (CT), sputum gram stain/culture, and BE detected by chest CT, were included in this study. Sputum adequacy was determined by using Murray-Washington classification. Results: The mean (±SD) age of patients was 60.9 (±14.0). The number of PPMs was 167 (67%) in the total 248 isolated organisms. The most frequent PPMs were P. aeruginosa (23.4%), K. pneumoniae (10.5%), and S. aureus (8.4%). The proportion of adequate sputum (AS) was 25.8% in the total sputum specimens. The patients with AS were 41 (37%) and the patients with inadequate sputum (IS) were 70 (63%). The proportion of P. aeruginosa was higher in AS compared to that of IS (44% vs. 19%, p=0.004). The BE score was also higher in P. aeruginosa (+) patients compared to that of P. aeruginosa (-) patients (10.8vs.7.6, p=0.001). Conclusion: Although the proportion of AS in the total sputum was low, PPMs were isolated in most patients with BE. It is likely that P. aeruginosa was isolated in AS and AS patients had higher BE scores.
The aim of this study was to examine the change in median nerve location according to forearm movement. Thirty fresh specimens from 15 adult Korean cadavers (10 males and five females; age range, ...53-91 years) were examined. We measured the motor entry point according to normal and pronated positions of the forearm. The x and y coordinates of the first R entry point MEP) in the normal position were 1.6 + or - 0.6 cm and 2.8 + or - 1.3 cm, respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.5 + or - 0.3 cm. The x and y coordinates of the second MEP were 1.3 + or - 0.3 cm and 4.7 + or - 1.7 cm, respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.4 + or - 0.2 cm. The x and y coordinates of first MEP with the forearm in the pronated position were 1.9 + or - 0.7 cm and 2.3 + or - 0.8 cm. respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.7 + or - 0.4 cm. The x and y coordinates of the second MEP were 1.6 + or - 0.7 cm and 4.4 + or - 1.7 cm, respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.6 + or - 0.3 cm. The differences in locations according to movement of the nerve branch were 0.3 cm, and depths were 0.2 cm. The pronated position results of this study will be clinically helpful. KEY WORDS: Anatomy; Median nerve; Forearm movement; Motor entry point; Injection. El objetivo fue examinar el cambio de posicion del nervio mediano de acuerdo con el movimiento del antebrazo. Se examinaron 30 muestras frescas de 15 cadaveres adultos coreanos (10 hombres y 5 mujeres) con edades entre 53-91 anos. Se midio el punto de entrada motor de acuerdo con las posiciones normales y pronacion del antebrazo. Las coordenadas X e Y del primer punto de entrada motor (PEM) en la posicion normal fueron de 1,6 + or - 0,6 cm y 2,8 + or - 1,3 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue de 1,5 + or - 0,3 cm. Las coordenadas X e Y del segundo PEM fueron 1,3 + or - 0,3 cm y 4,7 + or - 1,7 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue 1,4 + or - 0,2 cm. Las coordenadas X e Y del primer PEM del antebrazo en posicion de pronacion fueron 1,9 + or - 0,7 cm y 2,3 + or - 0,8 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue 1,7 + or - 0,4 cm. Las coordenadas X e Y del segundo PEM fueron 1,6 + or - 0,7 cm y 4,4 + or - 1,7 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue 1,6 + or - 0,3 cm. Las diferencias en las ubicaciones de acuerdo con el movimiento del ramo nervioso fueron de 0,3 cm, y las profundidades fueron de 0,2 cm. Los resultados de la posicion de pronacion de este estudio seran utiles en trabajos clinicos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Anatomia; Nervio mediano; Movimiento del antebrazo; Punto de entrada motor; Inyeccion.
Hepatic nerve innervation plays important roles in hepatic metabolism and hemodynamic mechanisms. We compared the distribution patterns of hepatic nerves between normal livers and two liver diseases ...to elucidate the effects of liver disease on the distribution of hepatic nerves.
Tissue specimens were obtained by ultrasonography-guided needle biopsies from 10 normal controls, 74 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), and 35 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). The obtained specimens were immunohistochemically stained using antibodies for S-100 protein and alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA). The degree of the expression in liver tissues was quantified by manual counting of positively stained nerve fibers under light microscopy. The serum hyaluronic acid level was assayed in all subjects to evaluate hepatic fibrosis. Electron microscopy examinations were also performed.
The hepatic nerve innervation was significantly lower in LC than in normal controls, as indicated by S-100 protein staining. alpha-SMA and hyaluronic acid levels were higher in LC and CH than in normal controls. Electron microscopy revealed that unmyelinated nerve fiber bundles in the intralobar connective tissue coursed in the vicinity of hepatic triads.
These results suggest that hepatic nerve innervation can be decreased by hepatic inflammatory responses and/or fibrotic changes in LC patients. Further study is needed to clarify this observation.
We developed a stable, hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin‐film transistor (a‐Si:H TFT) gate driver, composed of 10 TFTs and 1 capacitor. The pull‐down transistors are operated under AC bias to ...reduce the threshold voltage shift (Vth shift). In our previous simulation results indicate that its lifetime can be as long as 50,000 hrs by AC operation of pull‐down transistors. In this work we have studied the reliability of the gate driver manufactured. We confirmed that our gate driver is very stable, so that the expected lifetime is longer than 50000 hrs.
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