Las Intoxicaciones en el Ecuador han ido en aumento según últimos reportes de la CIATOX, por lo cual se estableció como objetivo determinar las características de las Intoxicaciones en el Área de ...Emergencia de Pediatría y sus principales agentes causales, en menores de 16 Años del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, desde enero 2011 hasta diciembre del 2015. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, tomando como universo, la totalidad de las fichas clínicas de los pacientes atendidos. Obteniendo los siguientes resultados un total 563 intoxicaciones, 0.84 % del total de atenciones del servicio de pediatría en emergencia, se identificaron 69 diferentes tóxicos, el sexo predominante fue el femenino con 298 casos, la procedencia fue rural con 296 casos, la vía predominante de intoxicación fue la digestiva con 510 casos, el lugar con más frecuencia fue el hogar con 445 casos, las intoxicaciones fueron mayormente accidentales con 341 casos, 217 requirieron hospitalización.
With the advent of Smart Grids and advanced communication technologies, the self-healing scheme has become a desirable function of the operation and planning of electrical distribution systems ...(EDSs). In the presence of a permanent fault, an optimized self-healing scheme minimizes the unsupplied demand while maintaining the faulted section of the network isolated. The service restoration of the self-healing scheme is a combinatorial optimization problem whose computational complexity grows exponentially with the number of binary variables. To resolve this issue, a distributed optimal service restoration strategy is developed based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The service restoration problem is formulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem. The decision variables of the problem are the status of the remote-controlled switches, load zones and load shedding at each controllable demand. Operational constraints, such as current and voltage magnitude constraints, distributed generation (DG) capacity constraints and radial topology constraints, are respected in the optimization problem. Through the ADMM, the optimization problem is distributed among the zones of the EDS, without requiring a central controller. Two test systems, an unbalanced 44-node system and the IEEE 123-node system, were used to conduct case studies. Results show that the proposed method can provide optimal service restoration solutions in reasonable time without a central controller.
Mitochondria are a major subcellular site of superoxide (O2(-)) formation. Conditions leading to an uncontrolled production, accumulation and/or conversion of O2(-) into hydrogen peroxide result in ...an increment in the intramitochondrial oxidative tone which, ultimately leads to the loss of cell viability. Recently, we reported on the ability of a series of Cu(II)-disulfide complexes to act simultaneously as SOD- and catalase-like molecules. In the present study, we addressed the potential of such compounds to protect mitochondria and cells against the oxidative stress and the cytolytic damage induced by diclofenac. Exposure of Caco-2 cells to diclofenac (250µM, 20min) led to a near 80% inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity and almost doubled the rate of mitochondrial O2(-) production (assessed by Mitosox). A comparable increment was seen in whole cells when the oxidative tone was assessed through the largely hydrogen peroxide-dependent dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation. The increment in mitochondrial O2(-) production was totally and concentration-dependently prevented by the addition of the complexes formed between Cu(II) and the disulfides of glutathione, homocysteine, or a-dehydro-lipoic acid (20µM each); comparatively, the Cu(II)-cystine complex exerted a weaker protection. A comparable protection pattern was seen at the whole cell level, as these complexes were also effective in preventing the increment in DCFH oxidation. The mitochondrial and whole cell antioxidant protection also translated into a full protection against the cytolytic effects of diclofenac (45min). Results from the present study indicate that the here-tested Cu(II)-disulfides complexes are able to effectively protect cells against the oxidative and the lytic effects of O2(-)-overproducing mitochondria, suggesting a potential for these type of compounds to act as SOD- and catalase-like molecules under oxidative-stress conditions. Supported by FONDECYT #1110018.
Mitochondria are a major subcellular site of superoxide (O2-) formation. Conditions leading to an uncontrolled production, accumulation and/or conversion of O2- into hydrogen peroxide result in an ...increment in the intramitochondrial oxidative tone which, ultimately leads to the loss of cell viability. Recently, we reported on the ability of a series of Cu(II)-disulfide complexes to act simultaneously as SOD- and catalase-like molecules. In the present study, we addressed the potential of such compounds to protect mitochondria and cells against the oxidative stress and the cytolytic damage induced by diclofenac. Exposure of Caco-2 cells to diclofenac (250µM, 20min) led to a near 80% inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity and almost doubled the rate of mitochondrial O2- production (assessed by Mitosox). A comparable increment was seen in whole cells when the oxidative tone was assessed through the largely hydrogen peroxide-dependent dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation. The increment in mitochondrial O2- production was totally and concentration-dependently prevented by the addition of the complexes formed between Cu(II) and the disulfides of glutathione, homocysteine, or a-dehydro-lipoic acid (20µM each); comparatively, the Cu(II)-cystine complex exerted a weaker protection. A comparable protection pattern was seen at the whole cell level, as these complexes were also effective in preventing the increment in DCFH oxidation. The mitochondrial and whole cell antioxidant protection also translated into a full protection against the cytolytic effects of diclofenac (45min). Results from the present study indicate that the here-tested Cu(II)-disulfides complexes are able to effectively protect cells against the oxidative and the lytic effects of O2--overproducing mitochondria, suggesting a potential for these type of compounds to act as SOD- and catalase-like molecules under oxidative-stress conditions.
Supported by FONDECYT #1110018
In this paper, we study the dynamics of the interaction of a three-photon state and a quantum dot embedded in a semiconductor cavity. In the first place, we consider an ideal cavity in which the ...effects due to the environment are neglected. Under this conditions, the most important feature of the dynamics is its periodicity, which may be seen on the temporal evolution of the light state. The entanglement dynamics, which is studied through the negativity and the linear entropy, shows a periodic behaviour too. On the other hand, when considering the interaction between the cavity and the environment, taking into account both an incoherent pumping and a photon leakage, the dynamics is no longer periodic. Instead, it may be seen that the entanglement reach stationary values, which depend on the incoherent pumping and photon leakage rates. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using this sort of systems for quantum information processing.
Este volumen presenta los informes finales de los siete grupos de la tercera promoción de la Maestría en Educación Matemática de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de los Andes. Cada grupo ...escogió un tema de las matemáticas escolares sobre el que realizó un ciclo de análisis didáctico a lo largo de los dos años del programa. Los temas escogidos fueron los siguientes: rotación, distancia entre dos puntos, función constante, lineal y afín, espacios muestrales estocásticos, probabilidad condicional, función exponencial creciente y principio de multiplicación.En los capítulos de este libro, se presentan ejemplos del análisis didáctico en la práctica. Presentan de manera detallada un ciclo completo del procedimiento. Son el fruto de un trabajo sistemáticoen el que los grupos analizaron en profundidad su tema, se basaron en esa información para fundamentar, diseñar y justificar su unidad didáctica, y recogieron y analizaron la información que surgió de la implementación para evaluarla y mejorarla. Estos resultados son una muestra del trabajo que realizan grupos de profesores en formación como indagación sistemática sobre su propia práctica y la hacen pública.
KEY MESSAGE : An RNAseq-based analysis of the cassava plants inoculated with Xam allowed the identification of transcriptional upregulation of genes involved in jasmonate metabolism, phenylpropanoid ...biosynthesis and putative targets for a TALE. Cassava bacterial blight, a disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is a major limitation to cassava production worldwide and especially in developing countries. The molecular mechanisms underlying cassava susceptibility to Xam are currently unknown. To identify host genes and pathways leading to plant susceptibility, we analyzed the transcriptomic responses occurring in cassava plants challenged with either the non-pathogenic Xam strain ORST4, or strain ORST4(TALE1 Xₐₘ ) which is pathogenic due to the major virulence transcription activator like effector TALE1 Xₐₘ . Both strains triggered similar responses, i.e., induction of genes related to photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and repression of genes related to jasmonic acid signaling. Finally, to search for TALE1 Xₐₘ virulence targets, we scanned the list of cassava genes induced upon inoculation of ORST4(TALE1 Xₐₘ ) for candidates harboring a predicted TALE1 Xₐₘ effector binding element in their promoter. Among the six genes identified as potential candidate targets of TALE1 Xₐₘ a gene coding for a heat shock transcription factor stands out as the best candidate based on their induction in presence of TALE1 Xₐₘ and contain a sequence putatively recognized by TALE1 Xₐₘ .
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