La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) sigue siendo una patología frecuente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Van a ser múltiples las causas de la IRA, desde descompensaciones de ...patologías respiratorias crónicas, contusiones pulmonares por traumatismos, postoperatorio de cirugía de resección pulmonar, sepsis de origen respiratorio por neumonías comunitarias o asociadas a cuidados sanitarios o bien por el desarrollo de un síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) asociado a otras patologías extrapulmonares1. El tratamiento de la IRA es el de la causa que lo provoca, siendo la ventilación mecánica el soporte necesario para mantener al paciente oxigenado mientras se curan los daños pulmonares causantes de la misma. El soporte respiratorio puede variar desde la simple aplicación de oxigenoterapia, hasta la intubación orotraqueal y conexión a la ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI), pasando por la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en diferentes modalidades. Además hay que tener en cuenta que la VNI puede ayudar a evitar intubaciones o facilitar la extubación de determinados pacientes.
El trasplante renal es el tratamiento de elección en la enfermedad renal crónica terminal. Este artículo proporciona una revisión actualizada del manejo anestesiológico del receptor en la cirugía de ...trasplante renal, centrándose los cuidados preoperatorios e intraoperatorios. La principal causa de muerte tras el trasplante renal son las complicaciones cardiacas, por lo que una evaluación cardiológica es fundamental en estos pacientes. En cuanto al periodo intraoperatorio, revisamos qué fármacos son los más adecuados junto a consideraciones anestésicas del manejo hemodinámico
Los cuidados postoperatorios del paciente receptor de trasplante renal deben realizarse Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos o unidades especializadas. Los objetivos del postoperatorio inmediato son ...asegurar la estabilidad hemodinámica con el fin de preservar la perfusión y optimizar la función del injerto, revertir la hipotermia, monitorizar la fluidoterapia, manejar el dolor postoperatorio y ajustar el tratamiento inmunosupresor. La vigilancia del gasto urinario durante el postoperatorio inmediato es fundamental, ya que el inicio inmediato de producción de orina es predictor de buen pronóstico para el injerto y el paciente. La función del injerto en el período postoperatorio inmediato se ve influida por una combinación de factores del donante, el receptor y el intraoperatorio. El desarrollo de complicaciones quirúrgicas parece disminuye la supervivencia del injerto, por ello es importante el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoces. El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir los aspectos más importantes de manejo dentro del postoperatorio inmediato del trasplante renal.
The study of stool microbiota has taken great relevance in the last years, given its role in the maintenance of the intestinal metabolic, physiological, and immunological homeostasis, as well as, its ...effect over HIV biomarkers levels such as CD4/CD8 ratio, high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), related to poor outcomes (rapid progression to AIDS). Several efforts have been made to characterize the gut microbiome. In HIV infection, most of the studies report the presence of a dysbiotic pattern; however, few of them have made an approach in elderly HIV-positive subjects despite the fact that nowadays this subgroup is rising. In this study, we compared the composition of faecal microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), and systemic biomarkers between elderly HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects.
A cross-sectional study with 18 HIV-negative controls and 20 HIV-positive patients. The quantification of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Clostridium leptum, Clostridium coccoides was performed in faecal samples by qPCR. The analysis was performed by calculating the ΔCq of each microorganism using 16S rDNA as a reference gene. Faecal SCFAs were measured by HPLC. The hs-CRP and sCD14 were performed by ELISA.
An increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, coupled with a significant increase in the proteobacteria phylum was detected in HIV-positive subjects. In contrast, a decrease in the Clostridium leptum group was observed. Nevertheless, these elderly HIV-positive patients showed higher levels of total SCFAs mainly by an augmented propionic acid values, compared to HIV-negative subjects. Whereas high levels of hs-CRP were positively correlated with sCD14 in the HIV-positive group.
Alterations in bacterial communities reveals a dysbiotic state related to an unbalance of faecal SCFAs. Therefore, these intestinal conditions might drive an increase of poor prognostic biomarkers in elderly HIV-positive subjects.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Señor editor: Enviamos los resultados de un estudio realizado en un hospital de referencia del área occidente del país concerniente a la prevalencia y justificación del uso de antimicrobianos…
La criptococosis es una infección por hongos que afecta principalmente a huéspedes inmunodeprimidos; la infección diseminada es infrecuente en pacientes inmunocompetentes. Reportamos el caso de una ...mujer previamente sana, sin factores de riesgo, ingresada a urgencias por cefalea, fiebre y alteración del estado mental quien posteriormente fue diagnosticada con criptococosis diseminada.
Cryptococcocis is a fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised hosts; disseminated infection is uncommon in immunocompetent patients. We describe a case of a previously healthy woman ...without risk factors, who was admitted to the emergency department with headache, fever and altered mental status. As a result, a cryptococcal disseminated infection was diagnosed.
Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease with a relapsing and remitting course characterized by disease flares. Flares are a major cause of hospitalization, morbidity and ...mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Some triggers for these exacerbations have been identified, including infections, vaccines, pregnancy, environmental factors such as weather, stress and drugs. We report a patient who presented with a lupus flare with predominantly mucocutaneous, serosal and cardiac involvement after being bitten by a spider and we present the possible mechanisms by which the venom elicited such a reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the literature.
COVID-19 has overwhelmed health services globally. Oral antiviral therapies are licensed worldwide, but indications and efficacy rates vary. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral ...favipiravir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19.
We conducted a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial of oral favipiravir in adult patients who were newly admitted to hospital with proven or suspected COVID-19 across five sites in the UK (n=2), Brazil (n=2) and Mexico (n=1). Using a permuted block design, eligible and consenting participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive oral favipiravir (1800 mg twice daily for 1 day; 800 mg twice daily for 9 days) plus standard care, or standard care alone. All caregivers and patients were aware of allocation and those analysing data were aware of the treatment groups. The prespecified primary outcome was the time from randomisation to recovery, censored at 28 days, which was assessed using an intention-to-treat approach. Post-hoc analyses were used to assess the efficacy of favipiravir in patients aged younger than 60 years, and in patients aged 60 years and older. The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04373733.
Between May 5, 2020 and May 26, 2021, we assessed 503 patients for eligibility, of whom 499 were randomly assigned to favipiravir and standard care (n=251) or standard care alone (n=248). There was no significant difference between those who received favipiravir and standard care, relative to those who received standard care alone in time to recovery in the overall study population (hazard ratio HR 1·06 95% CI 0·89–1·27; n=499; p=0·52). Post-hoc analyses showed a faster rate of recovery in patients younger than 60 years who received favipiravir and standard care versus those who had standard care alone (HR 1·35 1·06–1·72; n=247; p=0·01). 36 serious adverse events were observed in 27 (11%) of 251 patients administered favipiravir and standard care, and 33 events were observed in 27 (11%) of 248 patients receiving standard care alone, with infectious, respiratory, and cardiovascular events being the most numerous. There was no significant between-group difference in serious adverse events per patient (p=0·87).
Favipiravir does not improve clinical outcomes in all patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, however, patients younger than 60 years might have a beneficial clinical response. The indiscriminate use of favipiravir globally should be cautioned, and further high-quality studies of antiviral agents, and their potential treatment combinations, are warranted in COVID-19.
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