Several plants of the Fabaceae family have been assessed regarding their high nutritional value and anthelmintic properties. The ovicidal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract (Bm-HAE) and ...subfractions from the aerial parts of Brongniartia montalvoana (Fabaceae) against a mixed strain of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) (Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp.) resistant to albendazole sulfoxide, ivermectin and levamisole was evaluated by the egg hatch test (EHT). The Bm-HAE was subjected to liquid-liquid chemical separation with ethyl acetate giving two fractions, an aqueous (Bm-Aq) and an organic (Bm-EtOAct). The purification of the bioactive fraction (Bm-EtOAct) through chromatographic separation resulted in four bioactive subfractions (BmR6, BmR7, BmR8 and BmR10). The treatments were designed as follows: Bm-HAE at 800, 1,500, 3,000 and 6,000 μg/mL, and Bm-Aq, Bm-EtOAct and subfractions (BmR6, BmR7, BmR8 and BmR10) at 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/mL. Two properly negative controls (distilled water and 2% methanol) and thiabendazole (100 μg/mL) as a positive control were used for each bioassay. The chemical identification of the extract, fractions and subfractions was performed through chromatographic processes like open column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-PDA). Additionally, the GIN eggs exposed to the bioactive compounds were observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The Bm-HAE showed 99.5% egg hatching inhibition (EHI) at 6,000 μg/mL with a lethal concentration (LC50) of 1110 μg/mL. The Bm-EtOAc fraction displayed 99.1% EHI at 800 μg/mL with LC50 = 180 μg/mL. The ovicidal activity of the four subfractions was similar at 800 μg/mL: BmR6 (92% EHI); BmR7 (100% EHI); BmR8 (97.8%); and BmR10 (99.1%). The HPLC-PDA analysis of the bioactive subfractions allowed identification of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and coumarin derivatives as major compounds. The CLSM analysis allowed observation of morphological alterations in unhatched larvae caused by bioactive compounds present in the Bm-EtOAc and BmR10. In addition, the flavonoids eriodyctiol, luteolin and cynaroside were described for the first time for B. montalvoana.
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•Brongniartia montalvoana showed ovicidal activity against multi-drug resistant GIN.•The morphology of unhatched larvae was strongly affected by the organic fraction.•Coumarins, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were detected in active subfractions.•Three flavonoids were described for the first time for B. montalvoana.•Colocalization between compounds and larvae fluorescence was observed.
Objectives
To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other ...metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up.
Methods
n
= 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control.
Results
The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (
χ
2
= 15.84,
p
= 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (
χ
2
= 13.49,
p
= 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-
χ
2
= 24.06,
df
= 3,
p
< .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up.
Conclusions
This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short–medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D.
Scope
Dairy consumption has been suggested to impact cognition; however, evidence is limited and inconsistent. This study aims to longitudinally assess the association between dairy consumption with ...cognitive changes in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk.
Methods and results
Four thousand six hundred sixty eight participants aged 55–75 years, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline and a neuropsychological battery of tests at baseline and 2‐year follow‐up. Multivariable linear regression models are used, scaled by 100 (i.e., the units of β correspond to 1 SD/100), to assess associations between baseline tertile daily consumption and 2‐year changes in cognitive performance. Participants in the highest tertile of total milk and whole‐fat milk consumption have a greater decline in global cognitive function (β: –4.71, 95% CI: –8.74 to –0.69, p‐trend = 0.020 and β: –6.64, 95% CI: –10.81 to –2.47, p‐trend = 0.002, respectively) compared to those in the lowest tertile. No associations are observed between low fat milk, yogurt, cheese or fermented dairy consumption, and changes in cognitive performance.
Conclusion
Results suggest there are no clear prospective associations between consumption of most commonly consumed dairy products and cognition, although there may be an association with a greater rate of cognitive decline over a 2‐year period in older adults at high cardiovascular disease risk for whole‐fat milk.
Higher intakes of milk, in particular whole‐fat milk, may be associated with a greater rate of cognitive decline. This is observed in a large cohort of older Spanish adults at risk for heart disease. Participants are followed for 2‐years and during this time completed validated food frequency questionnaires and a comprehensive set of cognitive tests. No associations are observed with cognitive performance when analyzing dairy products by subtypes, including fermented dairy or low‐fat dairy.
This article aims to estimate the differences in environmental impact (greenhouse gas GHG emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) after one year of promoting a ...Mediterranean diet (MD).
Baseline and 1-year follow-up data from 5800 participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study were used. Each participant's food intake was estimated using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, and the adherence to MD using the Dietary Score. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The association between MD adherence and its environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models.
After one year of intervention, the kcal/day consumed was significantly reduced (−125,1 kcal/day), adherence to a MD pattern was improved (+0,9) and the environmental impact due to the diet was significantly reduced (GHG: −361 g/CO2-eq; Acidification:-11,5 g SO2-eq; Eutrophication:-4,7 g PO4-eq; Energy use:-842,7 kJ; and Land use:-2,2 m2). Higher adherence to MD (high vs. low) was significantly associated with lower environmental impact both at baseline and one year follow-up.
Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the factors analysed, both at baseline and at one-year follow-up, in spite of the reduction observed in their consumption.
A program promoting a MD, after one year of intervention, significantly reduced the environmental impact in all the factors analysed. Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the dimensions analysed.
In this study, we determined the presence of virulence factors in nonoutbreak, high-risk clones and other isolates belonging to less common sequence types associated with the spread of ...OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from The Netherlands (
= 61) and Spain (
= 53). Most isolates shared a chromosomally encoded core of virulence factors, including the enterobactin gene cluster, fimbrial
and
gene clusters, and urea metabolism genes (
). We observed a high diversity of K-Locus and K/O loci combinations, KL17 and KL24 (both 16%), and the O1/O2v1 locus (51%) being the most prevalent in our study. The most prevalent accessory virulence factor was the yersiniabactin gene cluster (66.7%). We found seven yersiniabactin lineages-
9,
10,
13,
14,
16,
17, and
27-which were chromosomally embedded in seven integrative conjugative elements (ICE
): ICE
, ICE
, ICE
, ICE
, ICE
, ICE
, and ICE
, respectively. Multidrug-resistant lineages-ST11, ST101, and ST405-were associated with
10/ICE
,
9/ICE
, and
27/ICE
, respectively. The fimbrial adhesin
operon (
) was predominant among ST14, ST15, and ST405 isolates, as well as the ferric uptake system
, which was also predominant among ST101 isolates. No convergence of hypervirulence and resistance was observed in this collection of OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Nevertheless, two isolates, ST133 and ST792, were positive for the genotoxin colibactin gene cluster (ICE
). In this study, the integrative conjugative element, ICE
, was the major vehicle for yersiniabactin and colibactin gene clusters spreading.
Convergence of multidrug resistance and hypervirulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates has been reported mostly related to sporadic cases or small outbreaks. Nevertheless, little is known about the real prevalence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae since these two phenomena are often separately studied. In this study, we gathered information on the virulent content of nonoutbreak, high-risk clones (i.e., ST11, ST15, and ST405) and other less common STs associated with the spread of OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. The study of virulence content in nonoutbreak isolates can help us to expand information on the genomic landscape of virulence factors in K. pneumoniae population by identifying virulence markers and their mechanisms of spread. Surveillance should focus not only on antimicrobial resistance but also on virulence characteristics to avoid the spread of multidrug and (hyper)virulent K. pneumoniae that may cause untreatable and more severe infections.
Currently, biometric identifiers have been used to identify or authenticate users in a biometric system to increase the security in access control systems. Nevertheless, there are several attacks on ...the biometric system to steal and recover the user’s biometric trait. One of the most powerful attacks is extracting the fingerprint pattern when it is transmitted over communication lines between modules. In this paper, we present a novel fingerprint image encryption scheme based on hyperchaotic Rössler map to provide high security and secrecy in user’s biometric trait, avoid identity theft, and increase the robustness of the biometric system. A complete security analysis is presented to justify the secrecy of the biometric trait by using our proposed scheme at statistical level with 100% of NPCR, low correlation, and uniform histograms. Therefore, it can be used in secure biometric access control systems.
•Eggs, fish and seafood, and fruits and vegetables contributed the most to the PFOS dietary intake.•Dietary intake of PFOS was associated with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c at baseline.•Dietary ...intake of PFOS was associated with an increase in HOMA-IR and BMI after 1-year of follow-up.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) have emerged as potential contributors to the development of type-2 diabetes. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is one of these EDs linked with chronic diseases and gathered attention due to its widespread in food.
To assess at baseline and after 1-year of follow-up associations between estimated dietary intake (DI) of PFOS, and glucose homeostasis parameters and body-mass-index (BMI) in a senior population of 4600 non-diabetic participants from the PREDIMED-plus study.
Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to assess associations between baseline PFOS-DI at lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) established by the EFSA, glucose homeostasis parameters and BMI.
Compared to those in the lowest tertile, participants in the highest tertile of baseline PFOS-DI in LB and UB showed higher levels of HbA1c β-coefficient(CI) 0.01 %(0.002 to 0.026), and 0.06 mg/dL(0.026 to 0.087), both p-trend ≤ 0.001, and fasting plasma glucose in the LB PFOS-DI 1.05 mg/dL(0.050 to 2.046),p-trend = 0.022. Prospectively, a positive association between LB of PFOS-DI and BMI 0.06 kg/m2(0.014 to 0.106) per 1-SD increment of energy-adjusted PFOS-DI was shown. Participants in the top tertile showed an increase in HOMA-IR 0.06(0.016 to 0.097), p-trend = 0.005 compared to participants in the reference tertile after 1-year of follow-up.
This is the first study to explore the association between DI of PFOS and glucose homeostasis. In this study, a high baseline DI of PFOS was associated with a higher levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c and with an increase in HOMA-IR and BMI after 1-year of follow-up.
Forest assessment and measurement can be costly, laborious and time-consuming when done manually. Remote Sensing aids by providing data of sufficient accuracy for large tracts of forest lands in the ...form of maps. These data can then assist in decision- making for better forest management. This study estimated canopy cover, a primary forest measurement parameter, using remotely- sensed data. Satellite images such as Planetscope and WorldView were used to estimate canopy cover. The results were then compared to measurements obtained from a manual inventory – in this case, of an Acacia mangium plantation. The manual inventory was conducted in a National Greening Program (NGP) site in Basay, Negros Oriental. Field inventory involved a Static Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) survey and a Total Station survey to get the accurate location of trees present in the plot. Diameter- at- breast was measured for all trees. Tree height and crown diameter were measured for at least 10 percent of all trees in the plot.
Abstract
The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during ...their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at
https://gwosc.org
. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages.
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