La morbilidad en la colitis ulcerosa (CU) y el tratamiento medico elegido para su control se relaciona directamente con la necesidad de cirugía en el curso de la enfermedad. Objetivo Determinar el ...riesgo de colectomía en nuestra cohorte histórica de pacientes con CU, desde el diagnóstico hasta el 31 de Dic 2006 o la muerte. Identificar los factores asociados a cirugía y compararlos con los ptes no intervenidos. Averiguar los cambios de la tasa quirúrgica sufridos en el tiempo. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, poblacional, prospectivo. Incluimos 636 (49,25% mujeres) ptes, diagnosticados de CU, en el Área Sanitaria V de Gijón, población 225.798 hab >14 años. Media de seguimiento en ptes vivos de 12.11 años y en los 74 ptes muertos de 10,84 años. Se realiza Test X2 , exacto de Fisher, Mann-Whitney U,y Kruskal-Wallis para diferencias de sexo,edad,extensión,uso de tabaco y otros parámetros, entre ptes que requieren cirugía y los que no. Resultados Se intervienen 33 ptes (48,48% mujeres), riesgo acumulado de colectomía: 5,18% (media de seguimiento de ptes operados de 12,90 años). Entre ptes operados y no operados, no había ninguna diferencia significativa en la edad al diagnóstico (44,66 vs 44,40 años), tiempo sintomático previo al diagnóstico (11,39 vs 11,66 meses), sexo, Panca+ y ASCA+. El % de ptes no fumadores en el grupo operado vs no operado es de 59,4% vs 51,8%, los ex-fumadores en el grupo operado vs no op es de 25,0% vs 34,1% (p=ns). La duración de la enfermedad es superior en ptes no op. (3,31 años vs 11,97 años) (p<0,000). La t. de mortalidad (24,24% vs 10,94%) es superior en ptes op (p=0,038). La enfermedad es más extensa en el grupo de ptes intervenidos (c. extensa 84,84% vs 26,86%) (p<0,000). Aunque la tasa quirúrgica es superior en ptes diagnosticados antes de 1991(n=14), en relación a los diagnosticados después de esta fecha (n=19), no tiene significación estadística (6,60% vs 4,48%) (p=ns). Conclusiones Nuestro riesgo de colectomía en CU, es intermedio al descrito para Europa del norte y del sur. La colectomía, solo se asocia con la duración de la enfermedad, c.extensa y t.de mortalidad. La t. quirúrgica no se ha modificado en el tiempo.
We present an improved version of FIT3D, a fitting tool for the analysis of the spectroscopic properties of the stellar populations and the ionized gas derived from moderate resolution spectra of ...galaxies. FIT3D is a tool developed to analyze Integral Field Spectroscopy data and it is the basis of Pipe3D, a pipeline already used in the analysis of datasets like CALIFA, MaNGA, and SAMI. We describe the philosophy behind the fitting procedure, and in detail each of the different steps in the analysis. We present an extensive set of simulations in order to estimate the precision and accuracy of the derived parameters for the stellar populations. In summary, we find that using different stellar population templates we reproduce the mean properties of the stellar population (age, metallicity, and dust attenuation) within ~0.1 dex. A similar approach is adopted for the ionized gas, where a set of simulated emission- line systems was created. Finally, we compare the results of the analysis using FIT3D with those provided by other widely used packages for the analysis of the stellar population (Starlight, Steckmap, and analysis based on stellar indices) using real high S/N data. In general we find that the parameters for the stellar populations derived by FIT3D are fully compatible with those derived using these other tools.
The "main sequence of galaxies" \(-\) defined in terms of the total star formation rate \(\psi\) vs. the total stellar mass \(M_*\) \(-\) is a well-studied tight relation that has been observed at ...several wavelengths and at different redshifts. All earlier studies have derived this relation from integrated properties of galaxies. We recover the same relation from an analysis of spatially-resolved properties, with integral field spectroscopic (IFS) observations of 306 galaxies from the CALIFA survey. We consider the SFR surface density in units of log(M\(_{\odot}\) yr\(^{-1}\) Kpc\(^{-2}\)) and the stellar mass surface density in units of log(M\(_{\odot}\) Kpc\(^{-2}\)) in individual spaxels which probe spatial scales of 0.5-1.5 Kpc. This local relation exhibits a high degree of correlation with small scatter (\(\sigma = 0.23\) dex), irrespective of the dominant ionisation source of the host galaxy or its integrated stellar mass. We highlight: \((i)\) the integrated star formation main sequence formed by galaxies whose dominant ionisation process is related to star formation, for which we find a slope of 0.81 \(\pm 0.02\); (ii) the spatially-resolved relation obtained with the spaxel analysis, we find a slope of 0.72 \(\pm 0.04\); (iii) for the integrated main sequence we identified also a sequence formed by galaxies that are dominated by an old stellar population, which we have called the retired galaxies sequence.
We study the galactic wind in the edge-on spiral galaxy UGC 10043 with the combination of the CALIFA integral field spectroscopy data, scanning Fabry-Perot interferometry (FPI), and multiband ...photometry. We detect ionized gas in the extraplanar regions reaching a relatively high distance, up to ~ 4 kpc above the galactic disk. The ionized gas line ratios (N ii/Ha, S ii/Ha and O i/Ha) present an enhancement along the semi minor axis, in contrast with the values found at the disk, where they are compatible with ionization due to H ii-regions. These differences, together with the biconic symmetry of the extra-planar ionized structure, makes UGC 10043 a clear candidate for a galaxy with gas outflows ionizated by shocks. From the comparison of shock models with the observed line ratios, and the kinematics observed from the FPI data, we constrain the physical properties of the observed outflow. The data are compatible with a velocity increase of the gas along the extraplanar distances up to < 400 km/s and the preshock density decreasing in the same direction. We also observe a discrepancy in the SFR estimated based on Ha (0.36 Msun/yr ) and the estimated with the CIGALE code, being the latter 5 times larger. Nevertheless, this SFR is still not enough to drive the observed galactic wind if we do not take into account the filling factor. We stress that the combination of the three techniques of observation with models is a powerful tool to explore galactic winds in the Local Universe.
Introducción:
La Colangio Pancreatografía Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE) es clave en el tratamiento/diagnóstico de patologías que afectan a la vía biliar/pancreática. Sin embargo, no está exenta de ...complicaciones que pueden resultar fatales.
Objetivo:
Describir los resultados obtenidos en las CPREs realizadas los dos últimos años en nuestro centro.
Material y Método:
Análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de las CPREs realizadas desde Enero 2.012 a Diciembre 2.013 en un Hospital con una población adscrita de 250.000 habitantes. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de la evolución de los pacientes desde su admisión en el hospital hasta los 6 meses posteriores a la CPRE, incluyendo: edad, sexo, indicación, procedimientos y complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica.
Resultados:
Se realizan 280 CPREs, el 51,43% son hombres y el 48,57%, mujeres. El 66,78% se practican en mayores de 69 años. La indicación más frecuente es la coledocolitiasis (66,42%), seguida de colangitis con un 20,71% (el 77,58% de las cuales presentaban coledocolitiasis), diagnóstica (13,21%), recambio de prótesis (12,86%) y las restantes por compresión extrínseca o colangiocarcinoma. Se realiza esfinterotomía al 65,36%, limpieza con balón al 70,36% y precorte al 14,64%. En 9 ocasiones (3,11%) no se canula.
En cuanto a prótesis, se colocan 94 (1/3 de las CPREs): 2/3 plásticas (44,26% por coledocolitiasis) y el resto metálicas (de éstas, el 70% son no recubiertas, empleándose en patología neoplásica en > 90%).
Se diagnostican 7 pacientes de pancreatitis aguda postCPRE (2,50%: 6 de ellas leves y una grave), presentando todas buena evolución. En el 42,85% (3/7) se coloca una prótesis metálica no recubierta por compresión biliar secundaria a neoplasia pancreática. En 7 CPREs se objetivó sangrado (leve en 6 2,14% y con repercusión hemodinámica en una 0,35%).
Conclusiones:
El análisis demuestra una baja tasa de complicaciones en relación con las CPREs realizadas en nuestro centro, con una morbilidad mínima y una nula mortalidad.
We present Pipe3D, an analysis pipeline based on the FIT3D fitting tool, devel- oped to explore the properties of the stellar populations and ionized gas of Integral Field Spectroscopy data. Pipe3D ...was created to provide with coherent, simple to distribute, and comparable dataproducts, independently of the origin of the data, focused on the data of the most recent IFU surveys (e.g., CALIFA, MaNGA, and SAMI), and the last generation IFS instruments (e.g., MUSE). Along this article we describe the different steps involved in the analysis of the data, illustrating them by showing the dataproducts derived for NGC 2916, observed by CALIFA and P-MaNGA. As a practical use of the pipeline we present the complete set of dataproducts derived for the 200 datacubes that comprises the V500 setup of the CALIFA Data Release 2 (DR2), making them freely available through the network (ftp://ftp.caha.es/CALIFA/dataproducts/DR2/Pipe3D). Finally, we explore the hypothesis that the properties of the stellar populations and ionized gas of galaxies at the effective radius are representative of the overall average ones, finding that this is indeed the case.
Our understanding of the structure, composition and evolution of galaxies has strongly improved in the last decades, mostly due to new results based on large spectroscopic and imaging surveys. In ...particular, the nature of ionized gas, its ionization mechanisms, its relation with the stellar properties and chemical composition, the existence of scaling relations that describe the cycle between stars and gas, and the corresponding evolution patterns have been widely explored and described. More recently, the introduction of additional techniques, in particular Integral Field Spectroscopy, and their use in large galaxy surveys, have forced us to re-interpret most of those recent results from a spatially resolved perspective. This review is aimed to complement recent efforts to compile and summarize this change of paradigm in the interpretation of galaxy evolution. In particular we cover three particular aspects not fully covered in detail in recent reviews: (i) the spatially resolved nature of the ionization properties in galaxies and the confusion introduced by considering just integrated quantities; (ii) the nature of the global scaling relations and their relations with the spatially resolved ones; and (iii) the dependence of the radial gradients and characteristic properties of the stellar populations and ionized gas on stellar mass and galaxy morphology. To this end we replicate published results, and present novel ones, based on the largest compilation of IFS data of galaxies in the nearby universe to date.
We present a detailed exploration of the stellar mass vs. gas-phase metallicity relation (MZR) using integral field spectroscopy data obtained from ~1000 galaxies observed by the SAMI Galaxy survey. ...These spatially resolved spectroscopic data allow us to determine the metallicity within the same physical scale (Reff) for different calibrators. The shape of the MZ relations is very similar between the different calibrators, while there are large offsets in the absolute values of the abundances. We confirm our previous results derived using the spatially resolved data provided by the CALIFA and MaNGA surveys: (1) we do not find any significant secondary relation of the MZR with either the star formation rate (SFR) nor the specific SFR (SFR/Mass) for any of the calibrators used in this study, based on the analysis of the {individual} residuals, (2) if there is a dependence with the SFR, it is weaker than the reported one (\(r_c\sim -\)0.3), it is confined to the low mass regime (M*<10\(^9\)Msun) or high SFR regimes, and it does not produce any significant improvement in the {description of the average population of galaxies. The aparent disagreement with published results based on single fiber spectroscopic data could be due to (i) the interpretation of the secondary relation itself, (ii) the lower number of objects sampled at the low mass regime by the current study, or (iii) the presence of extreme star-forming galaxies that drive the secondary relation in previous results
We investigate the prevalence, properties, and kinematics of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) in a sample of 25 edge-on galaxies selected from the CALIFA survey. We measure ionized gas scale ...heights from H and find that 90% have measurable scale heights with a median of kpc. From the H kinematics, we find that 60% of galaxies show a decrease in the rotation velocity as a function of height above the midplane. This lag is characteristic of eDIG, and we measure a median lag of 21 km s−1 kpc−1, which is comparable to lags measured in the literature. We also investigate variations in the lag with radius. H i lags have been reported to systematically decrease with galactocentric radius. We find both increasing and decreasing ionized gas lags with radius, as well as a large number of galaxies consistent with no radial lag variation, and investigate these results in the context of internal and external origins for the lagging ionized gas. We confirm that the S ii/H and N ii/H line ratios increase with height above the midplane as is characteristic of eDIG. The ionization of the eDIG is dominated by star-forming complexes (leaky H ii regions). We conclude that the lagging ionized gas is turbulent ejected gas likely resulting from star formation activity in the disk as opposed to gas in the stellar thick disk or bulge. This is further evidence for the eDIG being a product of stellar feedback and for the pervasiveness of this WIM-like phase in many local star-forming galaxies.
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