Numerous authors have reported a positive relationship between preschool enrolment and academic performance in later years, even helping to reduce the academic gap existing between students from ...different socio‐economic backgrounds. In this context, this paper goes further by analysing the impact that early childhood education (from 3 to 6 years) has on Spanish boys’ and girls’ reading achievement when they are in fourth grade (10 years). For this purpose, we take advantage of the 2006 Spanish education reform that promoted free second stage preschool education by using data from Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2011 and 2016 and an instrumental variable approach, in order to get closer to causality than previous literature for Spain. We find that attending preschool has a positive influence on reading achievement, well above the impact found when using simple ordinary least squares estimates, being higher for girls than for boys.
Background
Beta‐blockers and selected stereoisomers of beta‐blockers, like bisoprolol and S‐pindolol (ACM‐001), have been shown to be effective in preclinical cancer cachexia models. Here, we tested ...the efficacy of stereoisomers of oxprenolol in two preclinical models of cancer cachexia—the Yoshida AH‐130 rat model and the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model.
Methods and Results
In the Yoshida AH130 hepatoma rat cancer cachexia model and compared with placebo, 50 mg/kg/d S‐oxprenolol (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.85, P = 0.012) was superior to 50 mg/kg/d R‐oxprenolol (HR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.38–1.45, P = 0.51) in reducing mortality (= reaching ethical endpoints). Combination of the three doses (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d) that had a significant effect on body weight loss in the S‐oxprenolol groups vs the same combination of the R‐oxprenolol groups lead to a significantly improved survival of S‐oxprenolol vs R‐oxprenolol (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.08–2.39, P = 0.0185). Interestingly, there is a clear dose dependency in S‐oxprenolol‐treated (5, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d) groups, which was not observed in groups treated with R‐oxprenolol. A dose‐dependent attenuation of weight and lean mass loss by S‐oxprenolol was seen in the Yoshida rat model, whereas R‐oxprenolol had only had a significant effect on fat mass. S‐oxprenolol also non‐significantly reduced weight loss in the LLC model and also improved muscle function (grip strength 428 ± 25 and 539 ± 37 g/100 g body weight for placebo and S‐oxprenolol, respectively). However, there was only a minor effect on quality of life indicators food intake and spontaneous activity in the Yoshida model (25 mg/kg/S‐oxprenolol: 11.9 ± 2.5 g vs placebo: 4.9 ± 0.8 g, P = 0.013 and also vs 25 mg/kg/d R‐oxprenolol: 7.5 ± 2.6 g, P = 0.025). Both enantiomers had no effects on cardiac dimensions and function at the doses used in this study. Western blotting of proteins involved in the anabolic/catabolic homoeostasis suggest that anabolic signalling is persevered (IGF‐1 receptor, Akt) and catabolic signalling is inhibited (FXBO‐10, TRAF‐6) by S‐pindolol, but not he R‐enantiomer. Expression of glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut 4 was similar in all groups, as was AMPK.
Conclusions
S‐oxprenolol is superior to R‐oxprenolol in cancer cachexia animal models and shows promise for a human application in cancer cachexia.
In this research, a meticulous screening process was conducted using four servers: Drug Target Explorer, Swiss Target Predictor, SEA Predictor, and Target Hunter. The primary objective was to ...identify a series of potential biological targets related to the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis in cancer cells using cinnamic acid derivatives. This study focused on five specific targets, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10), mitogenactivated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), all of which are well known to play a significant role in cancer cell dynamics. To explore both molecular recognition and molecular dynamics, a series of in silico investigations (docking and molecular dynamics) were carried out using a collection of 14 cinnamic acid derivatives, including cinnamic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as a notable reference molecule due to its widely recognized anticancer effects. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro data revealed a potentially promising cytotoxic effect of (E)-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl- 3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide (LQM755) on a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS cells), which are characterized by the overexpression of the MMP9 protein. Therefore, the chemical compound LQM755 provides an initial perspective in the field of cancer therapy.
Purpose.
The aim of this phase III trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab alone with those of bevacizumab and capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) as maintenance treatment ...following induction chemotherapy with XELOX plus bevacizumab in the first‐line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Patients and Methods.
Patients were randomly assigned to receive six cycles of bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin every 3 weeks followed by XELOX plus bevacizumab or bevacizumab alone until progression. The primary endpoint was the progression‐free survival (PFS) interval; secondary endpoints were the overall survival (OS) time, objective response rate (RR), time to response, duration of response, and safety.
Results.
The intent‐to‐treat population comprised 480 patients (XELOX plus bevacizumab, n = 239; bevacizumab, n = 241); there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The median follow‐up was 29.0 months (range, 0–53.2 months). There were no statistically significant differences in the median PFS or OS times or in the RR between the two arms. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities in the XELOX plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab arms were diarrhea, hand–foot syndrome, and neuropathy.
Conclusion.
Although the noninferiority of bevacizumab versus XELOX plus bevacizumab cannot be confirmed, we can reliably exclude a median PFS detriment >3 weeks. This study suggests that maintenance therapy with single‐agent bevacizumab may be an appropriate option following induction XELOX plus bevacizumab in mCRC patients.
摘要
目的 本项 III 期试验旨在比较一线卡培他滨+奥沙利铂（ XELOX ）+贝伐珠单抗诱导化疗后贝伐珠单抗单药与贝伐珠单抗 +XELOX 维持治疗对转移性结直肠癌（ mCRC ）患者的疗效和安全性。
患者与方法 患者随机接受6个周期的贝伐珠单抗+卡培他滨+奥沙利铂（每3周），继以 XELOX+ 贝伐珠单抗或贝伐珠单抗单药，直至进展。主要终点为无进展生存（PFS）时间；次要终点为总生存（OS）时间、客观缓解率（RR）、至缓解时间、缓解持续时间和安全性。
结果 意向性治疗人群包含480例患者（XELOX+贝伐珠单抗，n=239；贝伐珠单抗，n =241）；基线特征方面无显著差异。中位随访时间为29.0个月（范围，0~53.2个月）。两组的中位PFS或OS时间或RR无显著差异。 XELOX+ 贝伐珠单抗组vs.贝伐珠单抗组最常见的3级或4级毒性为腹泻、手足综合征和神经病变。
结论 尽管无法证实贝伐珠单抗是否不劣于 XELOX+ 贝伐珠单抗，但>3周的中位PFS损害能可靠排除。本研究提示，单药贝伐珠单抗维持治疗可能是 mCRC 患者继 XELOX+ 贝伐珠单抗诱导治疗后的适宜选择。
This phase III trial compared the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab alone with that of bevacizumab and capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) as maintenance treatment following induction chemotherapy with XELOX plus bevacizumab in the first‐line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Noninferiority could not be confirmed, but the median progression‐free survival detriment was >3 weeks.
Quemodectoma mediastinico López Pujol, J.; Cueto Ladrón de Guevara, A.; Samaniego, F. ...
Archivos de bronconeumología,
January-March 1979, 1979-01-00, Letnik:
15, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Se presenta un nuevo caso de quemodectoma mediastínico extirpado quirúrgicamente y con comprobación histopatológica.
Se hace una revisión de los nuevos conceptos ontogénicos de este tipo de ...tumoraciones que en la actualidad se engloban dentro del sistema APUD, considerándose neurolofomas tipo IV.
The authors present a new case of mediastinal chemodectoma removed surgically and verified hystopathologically.
They then review the new ontogenic concepts about this type of tumors that currently are included within the APUD system, and are considered as neurolymphomas type IV.
Las mujeres en México incursionan masivamente en la educación superior a partir de la década de los setenta del siglo pasado; en este devenir, el acceso a los puestos de gestión, administración y ...poder dentro de las universidades ha sido nugatorio, aun cuando existen leyes de igualdad tanto internacionales como nacionales que norman la igualdad de condiciones entre hombres y mujeres. En este sentido el presente documento tiene como objetivo visibilizar la segregación vertical que inhibe el acceso de las mujeres al poder. La metodología utilizada fue mixta, descriptiva y transversal. Se aplicaron 1,325 cuestionarios y 60 entrevistas en seis universidades públicas del país. Los resultados señalan obstáculos relacionados con las condiciones personales y familiares a partir de los mandatos de los roles de género y, desde luego, con factores organizacionales de las instituciones universitarias. A partir de lo anterior, se concluye que las mujeres se desarrollan en ambientes de discriminación de género, que son evaluadas a partir de estereotipos de género, y ambientes patriarcales, lo cual impide su acceso al poder.
In addition to chronic widespread pain and depression and anxiety symptoms, patients with fibromyalgia frequently experience cognitive problems. This study investigated executive functions in ...fibromyalgia via a Go/No-Go task. To obtain comprehensive information about performance, traditional and ex-Gaussian parameters of reaction time (RT) variability were used, in addition to speed and accuracy indices. Ex-Gaussian parameters show an excellent fit to empirical RT distributions. Fifty-two female fibromyalgia patients and twenty-eight healthy controls participated. The task included 60 visual stimuli, which participants had to respond to (Go stimuli) or withhold the response to (No-Go stimuli). After 30 trials, the task rule changed, such that previous No-Go stimuli had to be responded to. Performance was indexed by the hit rate, false alarm rate, and mean (M) and intraindividual standard deviation (SD) of RT and the ex-Gaussian parameters mu, sigma, and tau. Mu and sigma indicate the M and SD of the Gaussian distribution; tau reflects the M and SD of the exponential function. Patients exhibited a lower hit rate, higher M RT, and higher tau than controls. Moreover, patients showed greater decrease of the hit rate after the change of task rule. In the entire sample, SD, sigma, and tau were inversely associated with the hit rate and positively associated with the false alarm rate. While the greater decline in hit rate after the change in task rule indicates deficient cognitive flexibility, the lack of any difference in false alarm rate suggests intact response inhibition. Higher M RT reflects reduced cognitive or motor speed. Increased tau in fibromyalgia indicates greater fluctuations in executive control and more frequent temporary lapses of attention. For the first time, this study demonstrated that indices of RT variability, in particular those derived from the ex-Gaussian function, may complement speed and accuracy parameters in the assessment of executive function impairments in fibromyalgia. Optimized assessment may facilitate the personalization of therapies aimed at improving the cognitive function of those with the disorder.
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterized by the presence of specific antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA), antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), or documented by liver biopsy, treatment with ...ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has implication in disease progression and survival without a liver transplant. This study aimed to know the clinical characteristics of patients with PBC.
Observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study, case series study. It included patients aged 18 to 80 years seen in the Liver Clinic consultation with a diagnosis of PBC in the Hospital General de Mexico from 2015 to 2022.
Sixty patients were evaluated; 95% were women, the most frequent age of presentation was between the fifth and sixth decade of life, the prevalence of AMA was 95%, the other 5% were diagnosed by liver biopsy or specific ANA, the presence of other antibodies was 26% of which the most frequent, were ANA. Transitional elastography was performed in 68% of the patients and documented significant fibrosis in 68% and some degree of steatosis in 30%. The association with autoimmune diseases is 33%; Sjögren's syndrome and scleroderma are the most representative. Overlap with autoimmune hepatitis was documented in 25%. Osteometabolic disease was present in up to 35%. The response to treatment to AUDC, as measured by the Paris II Score, was 31%.
The clinical characteristics are similar to those described in the literature. The low response rate to UDCA is striking, which is a factor implicated in the progression of the disease, which correlate with the high degree of documented fibrosis.
The resources used in this study were from the hospital without any additional financing
The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
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