In this work, the effect of a biaxial preload in the behaviour of glass/polyester woven-laminate plates subjected to high-velocity transversal impact was studied. For this, an analytic model based on ...energy considerations that include the presence of an in-plane preload was used. The results of the analytic model for the biaxial preload state were compared with those found for a non-preload plate, the difference between them being minimal for the pre-stressed level reached in the tests (31% of the static UTS). Therefore, numerical simulations were made in order to study the effect of the preload in greater detail; furthermore, experimental tests were conducted, validating the analytic and numerical model. In general, the two methods revealed minimal differences between the values of the ballistic limit and those of the residual velocity.
A new methodology based on artificial neural networks has been developed to study the high velocity oblique impact of spheres into CFRP laminates. One multilayer perceptron (MLP) is employed to ...predict the occurrence of perforation of the laminate and a second MLP predicts the residual velocity, the obliquity of trajectory of the sphere after perforation and the damage extension in the laminate. In order to train and test the networks, multiple impact cases have been generated by finite-element numerical simulation covering different impact angles and impact velocities of the sphere for a given system sphere/laminate.
The influence of low temperature on the damage produced on CFRPs by intermediate and high velocity impacts is analyzed. Spherical projectiles were launched against different carbon fiber/epoxy ...laminates (tape and woven). Experimental tests were done at temperatures ranging from 25 to −150
°C. The extension of the damage was measured by C-Scan. Results show a clear dependence of damage on temperature, impact velocity and the type of the laminate.
In the original publication of the article, Table 1 was published with incorrect caption and values. The Table 1 with corrected caption and values is given in this Correction.
Purpose
To identify a novel system for scoring intratumoral immune response that can improve prognosis and therapy decisions in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods/patients
...Eighty-four completely resected stage I/II NSCLC without adjuvant therapy were classified by expression profiling using whole genome microarrays. An external cohort of 162 tumors was used to validate the results. Immune cells present in tumor microenvironment were evaluated semiquantitatively by CD20, CD79, CD3, CD8, CD4 and CD57 immunostaining. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables associated with recurrence-free survival were performed.
Results
Initial molecular classification identified three clusters, one with significantly better RFS. A reduced two-subgroup classification and a 50-gene predictor were built and validated in an external dataset: high and low risk of recurrence patients (HR = 3.44;
p
= 0.001). Analysis of the predictor´s genes showed that the vast majority were related to a B/plasma cell immune response overexpressed in the low-risk subgroup. The predictor includes genes coding for unique B lineage-specific genes, functional elements or other genes that, although non-restricted to this lineage, have strong influence on B-cell homeostasis. Immunostains confirmed increased B-cells in the low-risk subgroup. Gene signature (
p
< 0.0001) and CD20 (
p
< 0.05) were predictors for RFS, while CD79 and K-RAS mutations showed a tendency.
Conclusions
Favorable prognosis in completely resected NSCLC is determined by a B-cell-mediated immune response. It can be differently scored by a 50-gene expression profile or by CD20 immunostaining. That prognosis information not reflected by traditional classifications may become a new tool for determining individualized adjuvant therapies.
In this work, a numerical methodology to predict the behavior of high velocity impacts of composite laminate fragments against a rigid plate has been developed. In order to model the behavior of the ...carbon/epoxy laminate, an intra-laminar failure model has been used to describe the ply failure whereas the inter-laminar behavior has been modelled using a cohesive interaction. To validate the numerical model proposed, experimental tests of high velocity impacts of fragments have been performed in a wide range of impact velocities (from 70 to 180 m/s). The comparison showed that the numerical methodology developed predicts adequately the fragment evolution.
Abstract The GHEP-ISFG Working Group performed a collaborative exercise to monitor the current practice of mitochondrial (mt)DNA reporting. The participating laboratories were invited to evaluate a ...hypothetical case example and assess the statistical significance of a match between the haplotypes of a case (hair) sample and a suspect. A total of 31 forensic laboratories participated of which all but one used the EMPOP database. Nevertheless, we observed a tenfold range of reported LR values (32–333.4), which was mainly due to the selection of different reference datasets in EMPOP but also due to different applied formulae. The results suggest the need for more standardization as well as additional research to harmonize the reporting of mtDNA evidence.
Abstract Craniosynostosis refers to a great number of deformities associated with the premature fusion of cranial sutures. There are several types of synostoses, depending on the number of sutures ...affected and the involved regions. Surgery is indicated for functional and esthetic reasons. Although many surgical techniques have been described, the decision of the type of operation to be performed and the time of the procedure should be based on three pillars: the patient's clinical and tomographic features as well as social and demographic aspects; the expertise of the treating surgeons; and the resources available at the craniofacial center. The patient's outcome will be directly related to a structured management protocol, implemented by a multidisciplinary team, in which all team members should speak the same language. The main objective of this article is to describe the management protocol developed at a public tertiary level medical institution in Mexico.
Ballistic efficiency and cost are the main considerations in the design of lightweight armors. Metallic materials have the drawback of their high density. Mixed armors, of ceramic tiles backed by a ...metallic plate, are an efficient shield against low and medium caliber projectiles since they combine the light weight and high resistance of a ceramic with the ductility of a metal. The drawback is their high cost. The authors developed a new material composed of ceramic particles and a polymeric matrix. It fills the gap between metallic and ceramic materials and could be interesting for applications in which weight is not the primary concern and cost benefits are welcome. A model of the mechanical behavior of this composite is presented in this paper, implemented in a numerical code and validated by experimental results.
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