Significance Statement
Omic approaches combined with transgenic study provide mechanistic insights into UV‐B‐induced salvianolic acid accumulation, and demonstrate that the UV‐B‐responsive SmNAC1 ...positively modulates salvianolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our findings ultimately provide new mechanistic insights into the UV‐B‐induced SalA biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza and shed light on a great potential for the development of SalAs‐abundant varieties through genetic engineering.
SUMMARY
Salvianolic acids (SalAs), a group of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza, are widely used for treating cerebrovascular diseases. Their biosynthesis is modulated by a variety of abiotic factors, including ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) irradiation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, an integrated metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic approach coupled with transgenic analyses was employed to dissect the mechanisms underlying UV‐B irradiation‐induced SalA biosynthesis. Results of metabolomics showed that 28 metabolites, including 12 SalAs, were elevated in leaves of UV‐B‐treated S. miltiorrhiza. Meanwhile, the contents of several phytohormones, including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, which positively modulate the biosynthesis of SalAs, also increased in UV‐B‐treated S. miltiorrhiza. Consistently, 20 core biosynthetic enzymes and numerous transcription factors that are involved in SalA biosynthesis were elevated in treated samples as indicated by a comprehensive proteomic analysis. Correlation and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the NAC1 gene, encoding a NAC transcriptional factor, was positively involved in UV‐B‐induced SalA biosynthesis. Accordingly, overexpression and RNA interference of NAC1 increased and decreased SalA contents, respectively, through regulation of key biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, ChIP‐qPCR and Dual‐LUC assays showed that NAC1 could directly bind to the CATGTG and CATGTC motifs present in the promoters of the SalA biosynthesis‐related genes PAL3 and TAT3, respectively, and activate their expression. Our results collectively demonstrate that NAC1 plays a crucial role in UV‐B irradiation‐induced SalA biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the UV‐B‐induced SalA biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza, and shed light on a great potential for the development of SalA‐abundant varieties through genetic engineering.
The role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system in depression has received considerable attention in recent years. To understand the role of this system, it is important to identify the ...specific members of the FGF family that have been implicated and the various mechanisms that they modulated. Here, we review the role of FGFs in depression and integrate evidence from clinical and basic research. These data suggest that changes in the FGF family are involved in depression and possibly in a wider range of psychiatric disorders. We analyse the abnormalities of FGF family members in depression and their roles in modulating depression‐related molecules. The role of the FGF family in depression and related disorders needs to be studied in more detail.
Abnormal changes of FGF family members were found in patients with depression, including the decrease of FGF2 and FGF22, the increase of FGF9 and so on. These changes in FGF family members can widely modulate the other depression‐related molecules and make multiple effects on the occurrence of depression.
Recent trials have assessed the efficacy and safety of novel monoclonal antibodies such as reslizumab and benralizumab. However, the overall efficacy and safety anti-interleukin (IL) 5 treatment in ...asthma have not been thoroughly assessed.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of anti-IL-5 treatment on patients with asthma published up to October 2016 in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) that reported pulmonary function, quality of life scores, asthmatic exacerbation rate, blood and sputum eosinophil counts, short-acting β-agonist (SABA) rescue use, and adverse events were included. The pooled mean difference, and relative risks (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.
Twenty studies involving 7100 patients were identified. Pooled analysis revealed significant improvements in FEV1 (first second forced expiratory volume) (MD = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06-0.12, I2 = 10%), FEV1% (MD = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.66-5.83, I2 = 19%), Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score (MD = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15-0.30, I2 = 0%), decreased blood, sputum eosinophils and asthmatic exacerbation (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.59-0.73, I2 = 51%); peak expiratory flow (PEF) (MD = 5.45, 95% CI: -2.83-13.72, I2 = 0%), histamine PC20 (MD = -0.62, 95% CI: -1.92-0.68, I2 = 0%) or SABA rescue use (MD = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.3-0.07, I2 = 30%) were unaffected; adverse events were not increased (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98, I2 = 46%). No publication bias was observed (Egger's P = 0.78).
Anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal therapies for asthma could be safe for slightly improving FEV1 (or FEV1% of predicted value), quality of life, and reducing exacerbations risk and blood and sputum eosinophils, but have no significant effect on PEF, histamine PC20, and SABA rescue use. Further trials required to establish to clarify the optimal antibody for different patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Zn2Ti3O8/g-C3N4 (0, 1, 3 and 8 wt%) composites were prepared via a simple solvothermal method, and their physical and electrochemical properties were systematically analyzed. SEM and HRTEM results ...show that the Zn2Ti3O8/g-C3N4 spherical structures with width sizes of about 500–700 nm are plump and uniform. Moreover, g-C3N4 with a large specific surface area can effectively buffer the deformation of Zn2Ti3O8 and reduce the resistance of Zn2Ti3O8 charge transfer and Li+ diffusion, thus improving the conductivity of Zn2Ti3O8. The results reveal that Zn2Ti3O8/g-C3N4 (3 wt%) had the most outstanding electrochemical performance of all samples. It can deliver discharge (charge) capacities of 444.6 (387.9), 284.5 (280.8), 197.5 (199.9), 149.9 (149.3), 119.2 (118.7) and 81.4 (81) mA h g−1 cycled at 50, 100, 300, 600, 900, and 1500 mA g−1, respectively. At the same current densities, pure Zn2Ti3O8 only provides discharge (charge) capacities of 325.4 (283.5), 223.7 (219.5), 142.9 (141.8), 95.4(94.8), 69.4 (69.4) and 38.3 (39.3) mA h g−1. The results verify that Zn2Ti3O8/g-C3N4 materials are expected to be remarkable anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of different parameters in the sperm retrieval rate （SRR） of microdissection testicular sperm extraction （TESE） in patients with ...nonobstructive azoospermia （NOA）. All relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and EBSCO. We chose three parameters to perform the meta-analysis： follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, testicular volume, and testicular histopathological findings which included three patterns： hypospermatogenesis （HS）, maturation arrest （MA）, and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome （SCOS）. If there was a threshold effect, only the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve （AUSROC） was calculated. Otherwise, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio （PLR）, negative likelihood ratio （NLR）, and the diagnostic odds ratio （DOR） were also calculated. Twenty-one articles were included in our study finally. There was a threshold effect among studies investigating FSH and SCOS. The AUSROCs of FSH, testicular volume, HS, MA, and SCOS were 0.6119, 0.6389, 0.6758, 0.5535, and 0.2763, respectively. The DORs of testicular volume, HS, and MA were 1.98, 16.49, and 1.26, respectively. The sensitivities of them were 0.80, 0.30, and 0.27, while the specificities of them were 0.35, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively. The PLRs of them were 1.49, 10.63, and 1.15, respectively. And NLRs were 0.73, 0.72, and 0.95, respectively. All the investigated factors in our study had limited predictive value. However, the histopathological findings were helpful to some extent. Most patients with HS could get sperm by microdissection TESE.
Abstract Intergroup trust is a crucial psychological foundation for promoting ethnic unity and maintaining social stability. This study explored the dynamic relationship between intergroup contact ...and trust among adolescents in ethnic regions of China and sought to uncover the mechanisms behind this relationship. Through a two-wave longitudinal survey of 679 adolescents, employing the Intergroup Contact Experience Scale, the Intergroup Trust Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the study yielded several findings: (1) Over the year, a significant increase in intergroup contact was observed among the adolescents. Notably, junior high students demonstrated a marked rise in intergroup trust, whereas no significant change was discernible in high school students. (2) Cross-lagged analysis indicated that early intergroup contact significantly predicted subsequent intergroup trust and loneliness. Initial loneliness also forecasted future intergroup trust, yet early intergroup trust did not predict later intergroup contact or loneliness. (3) Loneliness served as a partial mediator in the longitudinal link between intergroup contact and trust among these adolescents. These findings reinforce the premise that in China’s ethnic regions, intergroup contact is a precursor to intergroup trust, both directly enhancing trust among adolescents and indirectly by reducing loneliness.
A clinically reliable non-invasive test for endometriosis is expected to reduce the diagnostic delay. Although varieties of biomarkers have been investigated for decades, and cancer antigen-125, ...cancer antigen-199, interleukin-6, and urocortin were the most studied ones among hundreds of biomarkers, no clinically reliable biomarkers have been confirmed so far. Some emerging technologies including "omics" technologies, molecular imaging techniques, and microRNAs are promising in solving these challenges, but their utility to detect endometriosis has yet to be verified. New combinations of researched indicators or other non-invasive methods and further exploration of the emerging technologies may be new targets and future research hotspots for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. In conclusion, researches of biomarkers for the detection of endometriosis are still ongoing and may benefit from novel molecular biology, bioinformatics methods and a combination of more diverse monitoring methods. Though it will be a daunting task, the identification of a specific set of diagnostic biomarkers will undoubtedly improve the status of endometriosis.
Cardiac remodelling refers to a series of changes in the size, shape, wall thickness and tissue structure of the ventricle because of myocardial injury or increased pressure load. Studies have shown ...that cardiac remodelling plays a significant role in the development of heart failure. Zingerone, a monomer component extracted from ginger, has been proven to possess various properties including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. As oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to acute and chronic myocardial injury, we explored the role of zingerone in cardiac remodelling. Mice were subjected to aortic banding (AB) or sham surgery and then received intragastric administration of zingerone or saline for 25 days. In vitro, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with zingerone (50 and 250 μmol/L) when challenged with phenylephrine (PE). We observed that zingerone effectively suppressed cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Mechanistically, Zingerone enhanced the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) activation via increasing the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production. Additionally, we used Nrf2‐knockout (KO) and eNOS‐KO mice and found that Nrf2 or eNOS deficiency counteracts these cardioprotective effects of zingerone in vivo. Together, we concluded that zingerone may be a potent treatment for cardiac remodelling that suppresses oxidative stress via the eNOS/Nrf2 pathway.
: The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) proteins, serving as a dynamic regulator of gene transcription and chromatin remodeling, play an influential part in the pathological process of a large number of ...cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise role of HMGA1 in sepsis induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) remains unintelligible. This research was designed to illustrate the effect of HMGA1 involved in SIC.
: Cardiomyocyte-specific HMGA1 overexpression was obtained using an adeno-associated virus system with intramyocardial injection in mice heart. The model of SIC in mice was constructed via intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6h. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes was stimulated with LPS for 12h. HMGA1 expression was upregulated in murine inflammatory hearts as well as LPS stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. HMGA1-overexpressing exhibited aggravated cardiac dysfunction, cardiac inflammation as well as cells apoptosis following LPS treatment both in vivo and
experiment. Interestingly, HMGA1 knockdown in H9c2 cardiomyocytes attenuated LPS-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation, but aggravated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that overexpression of HMGA1 induced increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-2 inhibitor alleviated the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis in HMGA1 overexpressed H9c2 cardiomyocytes whereas HMGA1 knockdown induced a reduction in signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression. STAT3 agonist reversed HMGA1 silence induced anti-inflammatory effects, while ameliorated cell apoptosis induced by LPS.
: In conclusion, our results suggest that overexpression of HMGA1 aggravated cardiomyocytes inflammation and apoptosis by up-regulating COX-2 expression, while silence of HMGA1 expression attenuated inflammation but aggregated cell apoptosis via down-regulation of STAT3.
China has witnessed a surge in violence against medical personnel, including widely reported incidents of violent abuse, riots, attacks, and protests in hospitals, but little is known about the ...impact of gender differences on the workplace violence against physicians of obstetrics and gynecology. The aim of this study was to analyse gender differences in workplace violence against physicians of obstetrics and gynecology in China.
Printed questionnaires were sent to participants of a national congress of obstetricians and gynecologists. The questionnaire consisted of items relevant to epidemiologic characteristics, workplace violence experienced in the past 12 months, participants' attitudes toward violence and physician-patient relationship. Data from female and male physicians were compared in univariate and multivariate analyses.
We sent out 1,425 questionnaires, and 1,300 (91.2%) physicians responded. Among 1,247 participants with specified gender, female and male physicians consisted of 162 (13.0%) and 1,085 (87.0%), respectively. Over the past 12 months, about two-thirds of these physicians suffered verbal abuse in the workplace, gender difference aside. After adjustment for education status, working hospital and subspecialty, male physicians had suffered more physical assaults than female colleagues (18.8% vs. 10.5%, adjusted odds ratio OR 2.3, 95% confidence interval CI, 1.4-3.7), most attacks without apparent physical injuries (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI, 1.4-3.7). Male physicians also suffered more sexual assaults than female colleagues (5.0% vs. 1.3%, adjusted OR 4.8, 95% CI, 1.8-13.3), nearly all of verbal harassment. There were only two sexual attacks on female physicians, and no rapes occurred. Although almost all physicians regarded the current circumstance as "unhealthy and stressful", more than half of them would take various active initiatives to create and maintain healthy and friendly physician-patient relationships.
Male physicians of obstetrics and gynecology in China suffered the same number of verbal abuse incidents but more physical and sexual assaults than their female colleagues. Both genders had similar opinions about causes, consequences and management about work violence against physicians, and had the same pessimistic perspectives but innovative wishes for the physician-patient relationship.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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