Introduction
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy have recently been suggested for non‐invasive diagnosis of scabies. However, there are large studies on diagnostic accuracy for ...scabies only with dermoscopy at low (10×) and high (100–1000×) magnification.
Objective
Our study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy, for the diagnosis of scabies, of RCM and videodermoscopy at intermediate (20× and 70×) magnification, which is usually found in commercially available videodermoscopes.
Methods
Patients with a presumptive diagnosis of scabies were prospectively enrolled during 20 months and examined by RCM and videodermoscopy at intermediate magnification. The specificity of RCM was considered 100% because RCM can identify the anatomical details of the parasites.
Results
A total of 148 patients were enrolled. Videodermoscopy showed a higher sensitivity for scabies than RCM (95% vs. 92%) and a specificity of 97%.
Conclusions
Videodermoscopy at intermediate magnification, and RCM are both highly accurate for the diagnosis of scabies. If the two devices are available, it would be better to perform videodermoscopy first, that is more sensitive, and then RCM to confirm the diagnosis.
To evaluate practice variation and time trends in the initial prescription of second line drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by a group of selected rheumatologists.
We ...retrospectively reviewed medical charts of all patients with a diagnosis of RA, initially seen between January 1, 1985, and June 30, 1994, by rheumatologists from a tertiary center and a rheumatology referral clinic in Edmonton.
1427 patients initially seen between 1985 and 1994 were included in the study. Of these, 1244 (87%) received a second line drug, 71% within 1.5 years after the disease onset. Overall, antimalarials and parenteral gold were the most frequently prescribed. Statistically significant trends were observed for the years under study. From 1985 to 1987, the most frequently prescribed initial second line drug was parenteral gold, between 1988 to 1990, sulfasalazine, and after 1991, antimalarials. Methotrexate was rarely used as a first choice. Marked variability was observed among rheumatologists in the use of initial second line drugs. In general, year of prescription and prescribing rheumatologist were significantly associated with the selection of all second line drugs but methotrexate. In addition, disease duration and residence (urban or rural) were associated with the selection of antimalarials and parenteral gold.
Most patients were treated early with second line drugs. Initial prescription patterns varied among rheumatologists. These patterns have changed over the last 10 years. An increasing trend in the use of antimalarials was noted, and unlike prescription patterns in the US, methotrexate was rarely used as the first second line drug.
The essential oil hydrodistilled from leaves of Lantana indica growing in plain regions of northern India was analyzed by GC and GS/MS. Forty-three compounds were identified, accounting for ...approximately 82% of the total oil. Spathulenol (12.8%) was the major component, followed by β-caryophyllene (8.4%) and β-elemene (5.0%).
Extremely rarely, renal cell carcinoma metastasizes to the contralateral renal pelvis or ureter. The present report concerns a case where a metastatic tumour was successfully removed from the left ...renal pelvis 9 years after right nephrectomy for the primary tumour.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives In rural Nepal, we assessed the factors associated with pre-primary school attendance and its relationship to cognitive testing and school progress. Study design Sociodemographic, ...household, and schooling data were collected among 1466 children age 7-9 years from Sarlahi, Nepal. We performed the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test, backward digit span, go/no-go test, Movement Assessment Battery for Children, finger-tapping test, and Stroop numbers test. We conducted adjusted regression analyses to determine the association of pre-primary school attendance with test results and school progress. Results We found that pre-primary class enrollment was lower among children of female sex, Madheshi ethnicity, and low socioeconomic status. In adjusted analyses, pre-primary school enrollment was associated with beneficial scores on all cognitive tests. In addition, children who attended pre-primary school were less likely to repeat grade 1 (prevalence ratio 0.15, 95% CI 0.08-0.30, P < .001) or ever fail a grade (prevalence ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.90, P = .02). Conclusions In rural Nepal, there continue to be disparities in pre-primary school attendance; however, independent of these factors, pre-primary school attendance was associated with benefits in multiple cognitive domains and early school performance.
The essential oils from the bark, leaves and seeds of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Cor.), Rutaceae, were analyzed by high-resolution GC and GC/MS. A total of 25, 6 and 29 compounds were identified, ...accounting for about 95%, 99% and 87-91% of the bark, leaf and seed oil yields, respectively. Substantial differences in the composition of the oils from the three plant parts were noticed. The bark and leaf oils were rich in aliphatic ketones (about 80% and 47%, respectivily) while the seed oil contained a high percentage of aliphatic (26%) and monocyclic (24%) terpene alcohols.
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